Oti language

Oti
Oti
Chavante
Native to	Brazil
Region	State of São Paulo
Extinct	Beginning of the 20th century
Language family	language isolate
Language codes
ISO 639-3	oti
Glottolog	otii1244

The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.^[1] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, and the last ethnic Oti died in 1988.^[2] Only a few word lists are preserved.^[3]

Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.^[4]

History

The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang.^[5] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.^[6] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.^[7]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968)

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.^[8]

gloss	Otí
hand	insua
fire	úgide
stone	racha
sun	isken
moon	kuyade
earth	biroa
jaguar	kuatá
fish	eredehe
house	gobx
bow	iñesteku

Nikulin (2020)

Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),^[9]^: 78–79 cited from Quadros (1892),^[10] Borba (1908: 73–76),^[11] and Ihering (1912: 8).^[12] For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the corresponding Portuguese article.

Portuguese gloss (original)	English gloss (translated)	Otí
cabeça	head	ursube; ufúbe
cabelo	hair	eteche; naôdj
olho	eye	acli, athli
orelha	ear	aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a
nariz	nose	assondlaibe; sonduái
dente	tooth	vê; ûa
boca	mouth	afót
peito	chest	instúa
mão	hand	insua
pé	foot	jube; fum
sangue	blood	astaete
água	water	ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede
fogo	fire	iná; achô; úgide
árvore	tree	tajane
terra	earth	biroa
pedra	stone	rátcha
chuva	rain	chanin; béia
sente-se!	sit down!	roiábe
deite fora! (?)	throw it away! (?)	bója

References

^ Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094271
^ CEDI 1991. Oti-Xavante. CEDI 1991: 580–581.
^ Glottolog
^ Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, The Amazonian Languages
^ Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920
^ Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. The Šerente. Los Angeles.
^ Fabre (2009)
^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
^ Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.
^ Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
^ Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
^ Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.

External links

Alain Fabre, 2009, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Oti

[1] Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094271

[2] CEDI 1991. Oti-Xavante. CEDI 1991: 580–581.

[3] Glottolog

[4] Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, The Amazonian Languages

[5] Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920

[6] Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. The Šerente. Los Angeles.

[7] Fabre (2009)

[Loukotka-8] Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.

[Nikulin-Macro-Je-9] Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.

[10] Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.

[11] Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.

[12] Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.

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