Juruna language

Juruna
Yudjá
Native to	Brazil
Region	Xingu Indigenous Park, Mato Grosso
Ethnicity	Yudjá
Native speakers	280 (2006)[1]
Language family	Tupian Yuruna Juruna
Language codes
ISO 639-3	jur
Glottolog	juru1256
ELP	Juruna

The Juruna language, also known as Yudjá,^[2] is spoken in Brazil. It is spoken in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Mato Grosso state. In 2001 there were 278 native speakers. It is the last survivor of the Yuruna languages.

Phonology

Vowels

Oral vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː	ɨ ɨː	u uː
Mid	e eː
Open		a aː

Nasal vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	ĩ	ɨ̃	ũ
Mid	ẽ
Open		ã

Phoneme	Allophone
/u/	[u], [ɯ], [ʊ], [o]
/i/	[i], [ɪ]
/ũ/	[ũ], [ʊ̃], [õ]
/ã/	[ã], [ɜ̃]
/ĩ/	[ĩ], [ɪ̃]

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	p	t̪	tʃ	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d̪	dʒ
Nasal		m	n
Tap			ɾ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ʃ		h
	voiced		z
	lateral		ɬ
Approximant		w		j

Phoneme	Allophone
/t/	[t̪], [t]
/d/	[d̪], [d]
/tʃ/	[tʃ], [tʲ]
/dʒ/	[dʒ], [dʲ]
/h/	[h], [ɸ]
/z/	[z], [dz]
/ɾ/	[ɾ], [ɾ̃], [ɻ]
/w/	[w], [w̃], [β]
/j/	[j], [j̃], [ɲ]

^[3]

References

1. Juruna at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Carvalho, Fernando O. de. 2019. Revisitando o Proto-Jurúna: a reconstrução da série de oclusivas orais. In: Oliveira, Edna dos Santos; Eduardo A. Vasconcelos; Romário D. Sanches (eds.) Estudos Linguísticos na Amazônia. Campinas: Pontes Editores.
3. Fargetti, Cristina Martins (2001). Estudo Fonológico e Morfossintático da Língua Juruna. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

Further reading

• WALS Online Resources for Juruna. Haspelmath, Martin (editor); Dryer, Matthew S. (editor); Gil, David (editor); Comrie, Bernard (editor). 2008-05-01. Max Planck Digital Library (http://mpdl.mpg.de/). oai:wals.info:languoid/jrn
• Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Jurúna". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.