Yakan language

Not to be confused with the Yaka language.

Yakan
Native to	Philippines
Region	Basilan
Ethnicity	Yakan
Native speakers	(110,000 cited 1990 census)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Sama-Bajaw Yakan
Official status
Official language in	Regional language in the Philippines
Regulated by	Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3	yka
Glottolog	yaka1277
Area where Yakan is spoken

Yakan is an Austronesian language primarily spoken in Basilan in the Philippines. It is the native language of the Yakan people, the indigenous as well as the largest ethnic group on the island. It has a total of 110,000 native speakers. Despite being located in the Philippines, it is not closely related to other languages of the country. It is a member of the Sama-Bajaw languages, which in turn are related to the Barito languages spoken in southern Borneo, Madagascar and Mayotte.

Phonology

Vowels

Yakan has a simple five-vowel system: [a], [e], [i], [o], [u], with phonemic vowel length: ⟨ā⟩ [aː], ⟨ē⟩ [eː], ⟨ī⟩ [iː], ⟨ō⟩ [oː], ⟨ū⟩ [uː].^[2]

Consonants

The following chart lists the consonant phonemes of Yakan.^[3]

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal/ postalveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate				d͡ʒ
Fricative			s			h
Semivowel				j	w
Lateral			l

The consonant d is usually realized between vowels as a flap [ɾ], although some speakers use the stop [d] in all positions.

All consonants except for /d͡ʒ/, /h/, /j/, /w/ and /ʔ/ can occur as lengthened consonants.

The following spelling conventions are used: ⟨y⟩ /j/, ⟨j⟩ /d͡ʒ/, ⟨ng⟩ /ŋ/, ⟨'⟩ /ʔ/.^[4]

References

1. Yakan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Brainard & Behrens 2002, pp. 5–6.
3. Brainard & Behrens 2002, p. 5.
4. Brainard & Behrens 2002, p. 10.

Bibliography

• Brainard, Sherri; Behrens, Dietlinde (2002). A Grammar of Yakan. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.

External links

• Omniglot's entry on the Yakan language
• Online Yakan-English dictionary accessible from SIL Philippines's website
• Grammar description from Brainard and Behrens (2002), accessible via Rosetta Project