Aksara Brahmi Tamil

Aksara Brahmi Tamil
Prasasti Tamil-Brahmi di Mangulam, Dakshin Chithra, Chennai. Prasasti ini ditemukan oleh Robert Sewell pada tahun 1882, dan diuraikan oleh Subrahmanya Aiyer pada tahun 1924.[1]
Jenis aksara
BahasaTamil Kuno
Aksara terkait
Silsilah
Menurut hipotesis hubungan antara abjad Aramea dengan Brahmi, maka silsilahnya sebagai berikut:
Dari aksara Brahmi diturunkanlah:
  • Aksara Brahmi Tamil
Aksara turunan
Aksara Vatteluttu, Aksara Pallawa[2]
Aksara kerabat
Aksara Bhattiprolu
 Artikel ini mengandung transkripsi fonetik dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA). Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan  , Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi.

Aksara Brahmi Tamil, juga dikenal sebagai Aksara Tamili atau Aksara Damili,[3] adalah varian dari Aksara Brahmi yang digunakan untuk menulis prasasti dalam bentuk awal bahasa Tamil Kuno.[4] Aksara Tamil-Brahmi secara paleografis dan stratigrafi tertanggal antara abad ke-3 SM dan abad ke-1 M, dan merupakan sistem penulisan paling awal yang diketahui yang dibuktikan di banyak bagian Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, dan Sri Lanka. Prasasti Brahmi Tamil telah ditemukan di pintu masuk gua, bebatuan, pecahan tembikar, penguburan kendi, koin,[5] segel, dan cincin.[4][6][7]

Aksara Brahmi Tamil mirip tetapi berbeda dalam beberapa hal kecil dari prasasti aksara Brahmi yang ditemukan di tempat lain di anak benua India seperti maklumat-maklumat Asoka yang ditemukan di Andhra Pradesh.[8] Aksara ini menambahkan diakritik ke beberapa huruf untuk bunyi yang tidak ditemukan di Aksara Brahmi berbahasa Prakerta (yaitu ṉ ṟ ṛ ḷ). Kedua, di banyak prasasti, vokal yang melekat telah dibuang: Konsonan yang ditulis tanpa diakritik mewakili konsonan saja, sedangkan diakritik Asoka untuk bunyi ā panjang is digunakan untuk bunyi ā dan a pendek di Brahmi Tamil. Ini unik untuk aksara Brahmi Tamil dan Bhattiprolu di antara aksara-aksara India Kuno. Akan tetapi, Brahmi Tamil tidak berbagi bentuk huruf aneh seperti gh di Aksara Bhattiprolu. Hal ini tampaknya merupakan adaptasi fonotaktik rumpun bahasa Dravida, yang kata-katanya biasanya diakhiri dengan konsonan, bukan Prakerta, yang tidak pernah menggunakan kata ini. Menurut Mahadevan, pada tahap-tahap awal naskah, vokal yang melekat entah ditinggalkan, seperti di atas, atau konsonan kosong mewakili bunyi yang ambigu, mungkin menyiratkan a pendek atau tidak. Tahap-tahap selanjutnya dari Brahmi Tamil kembali ke vokal inheren yang merupakan norma umum di zaman India kuno.[8]

Menurut Kamil Zvelebil, aksara Brahmi Tamil adalah aksara induk yang akhirnya berkembang menjadi Aksara Vatteluttu dan Aksara Tamil Modern.[2]

Referensi

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Rajan, K (2008), "Situating the Beginning of Early Historic Times in Tamil Nadu: Some Issues and Reflections", Social Scientist, 36 (1/2): 51 
  2. ^ a b Kamil Zvelebil (1992). Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature. BRILL. hlm. 123–124. ISBN 90-04-09365-6. 
  3. ^ Jain, Sagarmal (1998). "Jain Literature [From earliest time to c. 10th A.D.]". Aspects of Jainology: Volume VI. 
  4. ^ a b Richard Salomon (1998) Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, Oxford University Press, pages 35-36 with footnote 103
  5. ^ Rajan, K (2008), "Situating the Beginning of Early Historic Times in Tamil Nadu: Some Issues and Reflections", Social Scientist, 36 (1/2): 52 
  6. ^ Iravatham Mahadevan (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy. Harvard University Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies. hlm. 91–94. ISBN 978-0-674-01227-1. ;
    Iravatham Mahadevan (1970). Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions. State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu. hlm. 1–12. 
  7. ^ Zvelebil 1974, hlm. 9 with footnote 12, 11–12.
  8. ^ a b Richard Salomon (1998) Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, Oxford University Press, pages 31-36

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