Bahasa isyarat

Sekelompok orang tengah berkomunikasi dengan bahasa isyarat.
Preservation of the Sign Language (1913)
Isyarat BISINDO
Berkenalan Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia.

Bahasa Isyarat adalah bahasa yang mengutamakan komunikasi manual, bahasa tubuh, dan gerak bibir. Bahasa isyarat merupakan bahasa yang digunakan oleh komunitas Tuli untuk berkomunikasi. Tidak hanya itu, bahasa isyarat juga merupakan alat bagi penggunanya untuk mengidentifikasi diri dan memperoleh informasi. Perbedaan mendasar antara bahasa isyarat dan bahasa lisan terletak pada modalitas atau sarana produksi dan persepsinya. Bahasa lisan diproduksi melalui alat ucap (oral) dan dipersepsi melalui alat pendengaran (auditoris), sementara bahasa isyarat diproduksi melalui gerakan tangan (gestur) dan dipersepsi melalui alat penglihatan (visual). Dengan demikian, bahasa lisan bahasa yang bersifat oral-auditoris, sementara bahasa isyarat bersifat visual-gestural.[1]

Bertentangan dengan pendapat banyak orang, pada kenyataannya bahasa isyarat di tiap negara adalah berbeda-beda. Bahasa isyarat unik dalam jenisnya di setiap negara. Bahasa isyarat bisa saja berbeda di negara-negara yang berbahasa sama. Contohnya, Amerika Serikat dan Inggris meskipun memiliki bahasa tertulis yang sama, mereka memiliki bahasa isyarat yang sama sekali berbeda (American Sign Language dan British Sign Language). Hal yang sebaliknya juga berlaku. Ada negara-negara yang memiliki bahasa tertulis yang berbeda (contoh: Inggris dengan Spanyol), tetapi menggunakan bahasa isyarat yang sama.

Komunitas Tuli/Deaf/Disabilitas Rungu dalam komunikasi dengan sesamanya yang berasal dari negara yang berbeda akan menggunakan Isyarat Internasional atau International Sign (IS) yang dapat dipahami satu sama lain. Isyarat Internasional adalah isyarat pidgin yang digunakan dalam berbagai konteks yang berbeda, khususnya pada pertemuan internasional seperti kongres Federasi Tuli Dunia, di beberapa peraturan Uni Eropa dan di beberapa konferensi PBB, di acara-acara seperti Deaflympics, Miss & Mister Deaf World, dan Eurovision dan secara informal saat bepergian dan bersosialisasi.[2]

Bahasa Isyarat di Indonesia adalah Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO) yang pengembangannya didukung oleh salah satu lembaga donatur dari Jepang yang melibatkan Chinese University of Hong Kong dan Universitas Indonesia.

Pengakuan Hukum Atas Bahasa Isyarat

Pengakuan Hukum Atas Bahasa Isyarat merupakan kebijakan suatu negara yang mengakui dan melindungi keberadaan bahasa isyarat sebagai bahasa resmi bagi komunitas Tuli dan digunakan di berbagai aspek kehidupan seperti dalam bidang pendidikan, penyiaran, pengumuman resmi kenegaraan dan berbagai acara atau kegiatan lainnya.

Lihat pula

Bacaan lanjutan

  • Branson, J., D. Miller, & I G. Marsaja. (1996). "Everyone here speaks sign language, too: a deaf village in Bali, Indonesia." In: C. Lucas (ed.): Multicultural aspects of sociolinguistics in deaf communitie`s. Washington, Gallaudet University Press, pp. 39–5
  • SATU NUSA, SATU BAHASA, BAHASA INDONESIA
  • Emmorey, Karen; & Lane, Harlan L. (Eds.). (2000). The signs of language revisited: An anthology to honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3246-7.
  • Groce, Nora E. (1988). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha's Vineyard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-27041-X.
  • Kendon, Adam. (1988). Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Klima, Edward S.; & Bellugi, Ursula. (1979). The signs of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-80795-2.
  • Krzywkowska, Grazyna (2006). "Przede wszystkim komunikacja", an article about a dictionary of Hungarian sign language on the Internet, in Polish.
  • Lane, Harlan L. (Ed.). (1984). The Deaf experience: Classics in language and education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-19460-8.
  • Lane, Harlan L. (1984). When the mind hears: A history of the deaf. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-50878-5.
  • Padden, Carol; & Humphries, Tom. (1988). Deaf in America: Voices from a culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-19423-3.
  • Poizner, Howard; Klima, Edward S.; & Bellugi, Ursula. (1987). What the hands reveal about the brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sacks, Oliver W. (1989). Seeing voices: A journey into the land of the deaf. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06083-0.
  • Sandler, Wendy; & Lillo-Martin, Diane. (2001). Natural sign languages. In M. Aronoff & J. Rees-Miller (Eds.), Handbook of linguistics (pp. 533–562). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-20497-0.
  • Stiles-Davis, Joan; Kritchevsky, Mark; & Bellugi, Ursula (Eds.). (1988). Spatial cognition: Brain bases and development. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-0046-8; ISBN 0-8058-0078-6.
  • Stokoe, William C. (1960). Sign language structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in linguistics: Occasional papers (No. 8). Buffalo: Dept. of Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Buffalo.

Referensi

  1. ^ {{{{cite web|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/9946/1/dokumen_makalah_1540468871.pdf%7Cdate=28 Januari 2019|last=Isma|first=Silva Tenrisara|website=repositori.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=26 Maret 2023
  2. ^ {{{{{{{cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sign%7Ctitle=International Sign|website=en.wikipedia.org|access-date=26 Maret 2023

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