覺華島之戰

覺華島之戰
明清战争的一部分

明末东北边疆战略态势图
日期1626年1月26日
地点
覺華島（今遼寧省興城市菊花島）
结果 後金勝利
参战方
明军 后金军
指挥官与领导者
都司王锡斧†
季士登†
吴国勋†
艟总王朝臣†
张士奇†
吴惟进†
姚撫民†
姚與賢†
武舉金士麒†		 努尔哈赤
武訥格
兵力
約30000軍民 40000人以上
伤亡与损失
觉华岛上明军7000余名和商民7000余丁口都被后金军杀戮；粮料8万余石和船2000余艘都被后金军焚烧。 明方斬首後金269人（包括寧遠之戰）

覺華島之戰是天啟六年正月（1626年）明朝和后金之间进行的一场战鬥。

戰爭經過

覺華島在明朝時是遼東士兵儲糧之所，粮料可達8万餘石。天启六年（1626年），寧遠之戰時努尔哈赤攻击袁崇煥防守的宁远城（今遼寧省葫蘆島市興城市）不下，轉攻觉华岛。时值隆冬，海面冰封，無險可守，明將姚抚民等率领官兵凿开一道长达15里的冰濠，“日夜穿冰，兵皆堕指”，正月二十六日武讷格以騎兵進攻覺華島，明军由於“凿冰寒苦，既无盔甲、兵械，又系水手，不能耐战，且以寡不敌众”，最後全員戰死，金兵焚燒城中囤积粮料。時守將金冠剛死，其子金士麒與事丁800人至覺華島迎靈，亦與後金軍作戰，全部被殺。金冠的棺木也遭到後金兵破壞。島上囤积粮料尽焚。後金軍旋即转攻东山、西山，明將姚与贤等皆力战而死。此時毛文龙出兵袭击后金后方永宁，努尔哈赤始引兵歸，二月九日返回到沈阳[1]。

戰役之後，袁崇煥作《祭覺華島陣亡兵將文》緬懷戰死將士。[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 《清太祖武皇帝实录》，卷4
  2. ^ 张伯桢辑：《袁督师遗集》，16页

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