清朝征服西藏

清朝征服西藏,中国史学界也称为驱准保藏[1],是1720年清朝為解決準噶爾汗國侵略勢力而進軍西藏,並從境內招集士兵組成遠征軍[2]。此次軍事行動佔領了拉薩。有些人認為此役象徵清朝對西藏統治的開始。

歷史

撫遠大將軍率軍進入拉薩

第五世達賴喇嘛是和碩特汗國的宗教首腦,其繼任者六世達賴喇嘛因準噶爾汗國侵略西藏而被殺害。而後,康熙帝為了開通貿易及避免準噶爾汗國的侵略,派遣皇十四子胤禵前往击退準噶爾汗國,恢復達賴喇嘛的統治,並為了統治方便而立了七世達賴喇嘛,準噶爾汗國因七世達賴喇嘛已立,加上清朝的勢力介入而放棄對西藏的統治。五世達賴喇嘛統治西藏時建立了有效的行政體系(甘丹颇章噶厦),但依然先后以和碩特汗國(固始汗的后裔)和清朝作为世俗政治上的领导者[3],甚至直接使用清帝國的法律,直到1912年辛亥動亂後清朝滅亡才結束其對西藏的政治干預。 清朝在許多地方都有綠營兵投入準噶爾的戰爭並在西藏駐軍[4][5][6][7],在1728年後在拉薩的駐軍全數採用綠營而非八旗[8]

參見

参考文献

  1. ^ 石硕; 王丽娜. 清朝“驱准保藏”行动中对由打箭炉入藏道路的开拓. 四川大学中国藏学研究所. [2019-07-12]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-12). 
  2. ^ China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, by Peter C Perdue, p623
  3. ^ A time-line of Tibet. [2016-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-13). 
  4. ^ Xiuyu Wang. China's Last Imperial Frontier: Late Qing Expansion in Sichuan's Tibetan Borderlands. Lexington Books. 28 November 2011: 30 [2019-06-30]. ISBN 978-0-7391-6810-3. (原始内容存档于2019-08-16). 
  5. ^ Yingcong Dai. The Sichuan Frontier and Tibet: Imperial Strategy in the Early Qing. University of Washington Press. 2009: 82 [2019-06-30]. ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5. (原始内容存档于2019-08-11). 
  6. ^ Evelyn S. Rawski. The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. University of California Press. 15 November 1998: 251 [2016-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-520-92679-0. (原始内容存档于2016-04-24). 
  7. ^ Sabine Dabringhaus. The Dynastic Centre and the Provinces: Agents and Interactions. BRILL. 17 April 2014: 123 [2016-05-30]. ISBN 978-90-04-27209-5. (原始内容存档于2016-05-06). 
  8. ^ Mark C. Elliott. The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford University Press. 2001: 412 [2019-06-30]. ISBN 978-0-8047-4684-7. (原始内容存档于2019-08-16). 

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