清齒齦塞擦音

清齒齦塞擦音
t͡s
IPA編號103 132
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ʦ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+02A6
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清齒齦塞擦音(voiceless alveolar affricate)是塞音t和擦音s紧密结合形成的清塞擦音汉语拼音的“z”(ㄗ)即表此音,而“c”(ㄘ)是對應送气音。

此音对应的浊音浊齿龈塞擦音[d͡z]

特徵

见于

变体

语言 词汇 国际音标 意义 注释
德语 标准音[1] Zeit [t͡säɪ̯t] 时间 擦音变体介于齿舌叶音,非卷舌舌叶音和非卷舌舌尖音之间。[1]参见标准德语音系
意大利语 标准音[2] grazia [ˈɡrät̚t͡sjä] 优雅 擦音变体介于齿舌叶音和非卷舌舌尖音间。后者时塞音是舌叶齿齿龈音[2]参见意大利語音系

齿化舌叶齿龈音

语言 词汇 国际音标 意义 注释
亚美尼亚语 东亚美尼亚语[3] ցանց [t̻͡s̪ʰan̪t̻͡s̪ʰ] 是否送气构成对立
巴斯克语[4] hotz [o̞t̻͡s̪] 和带舌尖音擦音组分的有咝塞擦音对立。[4]
白俄罗斯语[5] цётка [ˈt̻͡s̪ʲɵtka] 颚化形式对立。参见白俄罗斯语音系
汉语 普通话[6][7] 早餐 / zǎo cān [t̻͡s̪ɑʊ˨˩ t̻͡s̪ʰan˥] 早餐 送气音形式对立。参见现代标准汉语音系
捷克语[8] co [t̻͡s̪o̝] 什么 参见捷克語音系
匈牙利语[9] cica [ˈt̻͡s̪it̻͡s̪ɒ] 小猫 参见匈牙利语音系
日语 津波 [t̻͡s̪ɯ̟ᵝnämi] 海啸 参见日语音系
克什米尔语 ژاس [t͡saːs] 咳嗽
卡舒比语[10] [比如?]
哈萨克语[11] инвестиция 价格 只在俄语借词中出现。[11][12]参见哈萨克语音系柯尔克孜语音系
柯尔克孜语[12]
拉脱维亚语[13] cena [ˈt̻͡s̪en̪ä] 价格 参见拉脱维亚语音系
马其顿语[14] цвет [t̻͡s̪ve̞t̪] 参见马其顿语音系
普什图语 څــلور [ˌt͡səˈlor] 参见普什图语音系
波兰语[15] co [t̻͡s̪ɔ] 什么 参见波兰语音系
罗马尼亚语[16] preț [pre̞t̻͡s̪] 价格 参见罗马尼亚语音系
俄语[17] царь [t̻͡s̪ärʲ] 沙皇 参见俄语音系
塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语[18][19] cilj [t̻͡s̪îːʎ] 目标 参见塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语音系
斯洛伐克语 cisár [t̻͡s̪isaːr] 参见斯洛伐克语音系
斯洛文尼亚语[20] cvet [t̻͡s̪ʋéːt̪] 开花 参见斯洛文尼亚语音系
Tyap tsa [t͡sa] 开始
乌克兰语[21] цей [t̻͡s̪ɛj] 这个 参见乌克兰語音系
上索布语[22] cybla [ˈt̻͡s̪ɪblä] 洋葱 参见上索布语音系
乌兹别克语[23] [比如?]

未后移齿龈塞擦音

语言 词汇 国际音标 意义 注释
阿拉伯语 内志阿拉伯语[24] ك‍‍لب [t͡salb] 和其他方言的/k//t͡ʃ/对应
阿斯图里亚斯语 部分方言[25] otso [ˈot͡so] 对应标准语/t͡ʃ/
Ḷḷena, 米耶雷斯及其他 ḷḷuna [ˈt͡sunɐ] 的齿龈音实现,更常见的是卷舌音[ʈ͡ʂ]
巴斯克语[4] hots [ot̻͡s̺] 擦音组分是舌尖音。和带齿擦音的舌叶塞擦音对立。[4]
加泰罗尼亚语[26] potser [puˈtt̻͡s̺e] 也许 擦音组分是舌尖音。参见加泰罗尼亚语音系
中阿拉斯加尤皮克语[27] cetaman [t͡səˈtaman] /t͡ʃ/schwa前的同位异音
丹麦语 标准语[28] to [ˈt̻͡s̺ʰoːˀ] 擦音组分是舌尖音。[28]部分口音中实现为[tʰ][28]常被记为/tˢ//t/。和不送气塞音[t]对立,它常被记作/d̥//d/。参见丹麦语音系
荷兰语 林特尔方言[29] mat [ˈmät͡s] 市场 语流停顿前可选的/t/的同位异音。[29]
英语 通用考克尼方言[30] tea [ˈt͡səˑi̯] 可能是词首,元音间和词尾/t/的同位异音。[31][32]参见英语音系
标准英音[32] [ˈt͡sɪˑi̯]
纽约英语[33] 可能是音节首,且有时句末/t/的同位异音。[33]参见英语音系
新西兰英语[34] 词首/t/的同位异音。[34]参见英语音系
威尔士英语[35] [ˈt͡siː] 词首尾的/t/的同位异音;和强送气塞音[tʰ]是自由变体。[35]参见英语音系
斯高斯[36] 可能是音节首和词末/t/的同位异音。[36]参见英语音系
通用南非英语[37] wanting [ˈwɑnt͡sɪŋ] 想要 可能是音节尾/t/的同位异音。[37] 菲律宾语 tsokolate [t͡sokɔlate] 巧克力
法语 魁北克法语 tu [t͡sy] /t//i, y/前的同位异音。
格鲁吉亚语[38] კა [kʼɑt͡si]
卢森堡语[39] Zuch [t͡suχ] 火车 参见卢森堡语音系
马拉地语 चा ['t͡sapə] 夹子 记作/च/,此字母同时也表示[t͡ʃ]。它们间没有显著差别。
尼泊尔语 चा [t͡säp] 压力 是否送气构成对立。非送气音记作/च/,送气音/छ/。参见尼泊尔语音系
葡萄牙语 欧洲葡萄牙语[40] parte sem vida [ˈpaɾt͡sẽj ˈviðɐ] 无生命部分 /t//i, ĩ/前的同位异音,或由于/i ~ ɨ ~ e/的丢失而同化。在巴西呈增加趋势。[41]
巴西葡萄牙语[40][41] participação [paʁt͡sipaˈsɜ̃w] 参与
多数使用者[42] shiatsu [ɕiˈat͡su] 指压 边缘发音。多数巴西人会用插入音[i]打破塞擦音,其后常是颚化塞音/t/,特别在重音前(e.g. tsunami [tɕisuˈnɜ̃mʲi]).[43]参见葡萄牙語音系
西班牙语 马德里西班牙语[44] ancha [ˈänʲt͡sʲä] 广 颚化;[44]有一个舌尖擦音对立体。和标准语[t͡ʃ] 对应。参见西班牙語音系
智利西班牙语
部分拉普拉塔平原西班牙语方言 tía ['t͡sia̞]


参见

註釋

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Mangold (2005),第50 and 52頁.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Canepari (1992),第75–76頁.
  3. ^ Kozintseva (1995),第6頁.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hualde, Lujanbio & Zubiri (2010:1頁)。尽管这论文主要讨论了戈伊苏埃塔方言,作者认为它"作为巴斯克语方言有一个典型而保守的辅音集"。
  5. ^ Padluzhny (1989),第48-49頁.
  6. ^ Lee & Zee (2003),第109–110頁.
  7. ^ Lin (2001),第17–25頁.
  8. ^ Palková (1994),第234–235頁.
  9. ^ Szende (1999),第104頁.
  10. ^ Jerzy Treder. Fonetyka i fonologia. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Kara (2002),第10頁.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Kara (2003),第11頁.
  13. ^ Nau (1998),第6頁.
  14. ^ Lunt (1952),第1頁.
  15. ^ Rocławski (1976),第160頁.
  16. ^ Ovidiu Drăghici. Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie (PDF). [April 19, 2013]. [永久失效連結]
  17. ^ Chew (2003),第67頁.
  18. ^ Kordić (2006),第5頁.
  19. ^ Landau et al. (1999),第66頁.
  20. ^ Pretnar & Tokarz (1980),第21頁.
  21. ^ S. Buk; J. Mačutek; A. Rovenchak. Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system. Glottometrics. 2008, 16: 63–79. arXiv:0802.4198可免费查阅. 
  22. ^ Šewc-Schuster (1984),第22, 38)頁.
  23. ^ Sjoberg (1963),第12頁.
  24. ^ Lewis jr. (2013),第5頁.
  25. ^ (阿斯圖里亞斯語) Normes ortográfiques, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2013-03-23., page 14
  26. ^ Recasens & Espinosa (2007),第144頁.
  27. ^ Jacobson (1995),第2頁.
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Grønnum (2005),第120頁.
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Peters (2010),第240頁.
  30. ^ Wells (1982),第322–323頁.
  31. ^ Wells (1982),第323頁.
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 Gimson (2014),第172頁.
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 Wells (1982),第515頁.
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Bauer et al. (2007),第100頁.
  35. ^ 35.0 35.1 Penhallurick (2004),第108–109頁.
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 Wells (1982),第372頁.
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 Collins & Mees (2013),第194頁.
  38. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006),第255頁.
  39. ^ Gilles & Trouvain (2013),第67–68頁.
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 (葡萄牙語) Palatalization of dental occlusives /t/ and /d/ in the bilingual communities of Taquara and Panambi, RS – Alice Telles de Paula页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Page 14
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 Seqüências de (oclusiva alveolar + sibilante alveolar) como um padrão inovador no português de Belo Horizonte – Camila Tavares Leite (PDF). [2020-12-30]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-06). 
  42. ^ Adaptações fonológicas na pronúncia de estrangeirismos do Inglês por falantes de Português Brasileiro – Ana Beatriz Gonçalves de Assis (PDF). [2020-12-30]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-12-13). 
  43. ^ A influência da percepção inferencial na formação de vogal epentética em estrangeirismos – Aline Aver Vanin. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24). 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Castilian Spanish – Madrid by Klaus Kohler. [2020-12-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-21). 

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