半開前圓唇元音

半開前圓唇元音
œ
IPA編號311
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)œ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0153
X-SAMPA音標9
ASCII音標W
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
音頻範例

半開前圓唇元音(open-mid front rounded vowel、low-mid front rounded vowel[1])是母音的一種,用於一些語言當中,國際音標œ代表此音,而X-SAMPA音標則以9代表此音。

特徵

  • 圓唇度圓唇元音,這表示嘴唇向前突起並圓形的開口,且唇內側並不露出。

见于

因为前圆唇元音已被假定是非突出的,且记音可能会掩盖这一差异,下面一些例子可能是突出的。

语言 词汇 国际音标 意义 注释
阿斯图里亚斯语 有些Western dialects​(西班牙语[2] fuöra [ˈfwœɾɐ] 外面 o在双元音uo的实现。也可是[ɵ][ø]
巴伐利亚语 阿姆施泰滕[3] Seil [sœː] 'rope' [y]、次闭[ø̝]、半闭[ø]、半开[œ]前圆唇元音和开央不圆唇元音[ä]对立。[3]一般记作⟨ɶ⟩。
Northern[4] I helfad [i ˈhœlʲfɐd̥] 我会帮忙 /ɛ//l/前的同位异音。[4]
布列塔尼语 所有使用者[5] [比如?] /øː/的短音。[6]可以记作⟨ø⟩。
Bas-莱昂[6] [比如?] 长元音;短半开元音/œ/和长半闭元音/øː/对立。其他使用者只有一个中前圆唇元音/øː/[6]
Buwal[7] [kʷœ̄lɛ̄lɛ̄] 完好 /a/在唇化音旁的同位异音。[7]
汉语 粤语 / cheung4 [tsʰœːŋ˩] 参见粤语音系
丹麦语 标准音[8] gøre [ˈkœːɐ] 一般记作⟨ɶː⟩。参见丹麦语音系
荷兰语 标准音[9][10] manoeuvre [maˈnœːvrə] 特技动作 只出现在少数借词里。[9][10]参见荷兰语音系
部分使用者[11] parfum [pɑrˈfœ̃ː] 香水 鼻化;只出现在少数借词中,且主要出现在南部方言。常本土化为[ʏm][11]参见荷兰语音系
海牙方言[12] uit [œːt] [œy]}对应。[13]参见荷兰语音系
英语 新西兰英语白读[14][15] bird [bœːd] 可能是中元音[œ̝ː]。白读中是半闭元音或更高。[14][15][16]一般记作⟨ɵː⟩。参见新西兰英语音系
斯高斯[17] SQUARENURSE合流的元音/eː/的可能实现。[17]
威尔士英语[18] 也被描述为中元音[œ̝ː][19]或半闭元音[øː][20][21]
南非英语白读[22] go [ɡœː] 部分使用者。可以是双元音[œʉ̯]~[œɘ̯]。其他南非变体不会单化。参见南非英语音系
法语[23][24] jeune [ʒœn] 年轻 参见法语音系
加利西亚语[25] semana [s̺œˈmãnɐ̃] 一周 重音节前[e]的唇化,常被实现为[o]
德语 标准德语[26] Hölle [ˈhœlə] 地狱 参见标准德语音系
瑞士西部口音[27] schön [ʃœːn] 其他口音里是半闭元音[øː][28]参见标准德语音系
林堡语 许多方言[29][30] mäö [mœː] 袖子 马斯特里赫特方言里是中元音[ɞː][31]例词来自哈瑟尔特方言。
低地德语[32] söss / zös [zœs]
卢森堡语[33] Interieur [ˈɛ̃ːtəʀiœːʀ] 内部 Occurs only in loanwords.[33]参见卢森堡语音系
萨特弗里斯兰语[34][35] bölkje [ˈbœlkjə] 抚养
西弗里斯兰语 欣德洛彭[36] [比如?] 参见西弗里西亚语音系
西南[36][37] skoalle [ˈskœlə] 学校

半开前突出元音

半开前突出元音
œ̫
œʷ
ɛʷ

卡特福特注解到[需要完整来源]有前后圆唇元音的多数语言的唇化不一样,后元音突出而前元音不突出。但如斯堪的纳维亚语支的几种语言有突出前元音。其中一种——瑞典语甚至在前元音也有这一对立(参见次闭前圆唇元音,瑞典语例子同时有两种元音)。

鉴于国际音标中没有区别是否突出的符号,老式的描写唇化的符号⟨  ̫⟩会作为ad hoc标表示突出前元音。另一种可能的转写是⟨œʷ⟩或⟨ɛʷ⟩,但这可能被误读为双元音。

听觉上这个音"介于"更典型的不突出半开前元音[œ]和半开前不圆唇元音[ɛ]之间。

特徵

  • 元音圓唇度突出,即將嘴角聚拢,且嘴唇內側向外露出。



见于

语言 词汇 国际音标 意义 注释
挪威语[38][39] nøtt [nœ̫tː] 坚果 例词来自东部城区挪威语,元音也被描述为中央元音[ɞ̝][40]参见挪威语音系
瑞典语 中央标准音[41][42][43] öra [²œ̫ːra̠] /œ/的同位异音,且在/r/前常是/øː/[41][42][43]对于斯德哥尔摩年轻使用者,可能是更开的[ɶɶː][43]参见瑞典語音系
年轻斯德哥尔摩使用者[43] köpa [²ɕœ̫ːpa̠] 其他使用者是更高的[øː]。参见瑞典語音系

註釋

  1. ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
  2. ^ García, Fernando Álvarez-Balbuena. Na frontera del asturllionés y el gallegoportugués: descripción y exame horiométricu de la fala de Fernidiellu (Forniella, Llión). Parte primera: fonética. Revista de Filoloxía Asturiana. 2015-09-01, 14 (14) [2021-01-12]. ISSN 2341-1147. (原始内容存档于2020-09-06). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:290頁)
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Rowley (1990),第422頁.
  5. ^ Ternes (1992),第433頁.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ternes (1992),第431, 433頁.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Viljoen (2013),第50頁.
  8. ^ Grønnum (1998),第100頁.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Gussenhoven (1999),第76頁.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Collins & Mees (2003),第137頁.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 van de Velde & van Hout (2002).
  12. ^ Collins & Mees (2003),第136頁.
  13. ^ Collins & Mees (2003),第135–136頁.
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Roca & Johnson (1999),第188頁.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Bauer & Warren (2004),第582, 591頁.
  16. ^ Wells (1982),第607頁.
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Gimson (2014),第118, 138頁.
  18. ^ Penhallurick (2004),第104頁.
  19. ^ Wells (1982),第381頁.
  20. ^ Collins & Mees (1990),第95頁.
  21. ^ Connolly (1990),第125頁.
  22. ^ Lass (2002),第118頁.
  23. ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993),第73頁.
  24. ^ Collins & Mees (2013),第225頁.
  25. ^ Freixeiro Mato, X. Ramón. Gramática da lingua galega 2. [Vigo, Spain]: Edicions A Nosa Terra. 2006. ISBN 84-8341-060-5. OCLC 213259857. 
  26. ^ Hall (2003),第97, 107頁.
  27. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015),第65頁.
  28. ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015),第34, 65頁.
  29. ^ Peters (2006),第119頁.
  30. ^ Verhoeven (2007),第221頁.
  31. ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999),第159頁.
  32. ^ Prehn (2012),第157頁.
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 Gilles & Trouvain (2013),第72頁.
  34. ^ Fort (2001),第411頁.
  35. ^ Peters (2017),第?頁.
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 van der Veen (2001),第102頁.
  37. ^ Hoekstra (2001),第83頁.
  38. ^ Vanvik (1979),第13, 20頁.
  39. ^ Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005),第2頁.
  40. ^ Kristoffersen (2000),第16–17頁.
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 Eliasson (1986),第273頁.
  42. ^ 42.0 42.1 Thorén & Petterson (1992),第13–14頁.
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 Riad (2014),第38頁.

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