双子群礁

双子群礁(North Danger Reefs),是南中國海南沙群岛西北部第一列环礁,由贡士礁北子岛北外沙洲南子岛奈罗礁东南暗沙东北暗沙北子暗沙等组成。目前菲律賓越南兩國各據北子島、南子島。

歷史

“占城”渔民可能是最早发现这种双子群礁的人。但是,越南人经常在这里展示自己的存在。

从15世纪开始,越南皇帝开始关注南中国海的岛屿。

1776年,黎贵惇写在撫邊雜錄中,涉及双子群礁和黄沙隊的活动。

大清萬年一統天下全圖

1811年(清嘉庆十六年),《大清万年一统天下全图》绘制完成,目前藏于美国国会图书馆。全图由8块条幅拼合而成,总长235cm,总宽148cm。依图上文字所载,此图乃据乾隆三十二年(1767)浙江余姚黄千人的旧图摹刻增补而成。 自幼随父出入东西洋、曾任台湾总兵的陈伦炯于1730年(雍正八年)撰写《海國聞見錄》,其中《南洋記》部分的一些文字可帮助解读此地图左下角的“大、小昆仑”:

“廈門至暹羅水程,過七州洋見外羅山,向南見玳瑁洲、鴨洲,見崑崙,偏西見大真嶼、小真嶼,轉西北,取笔架山。向北至暹罗港口竹屿一百八十八更,入港又四十更,共水程二百二十八更。而东联柬埔寨,仅水程一百三十更...”[1]

地图左下角的“大、小昆仑”即昆仑群岛(法语:Îles Poulo-Condore,越南语:Côn Đảo/崑島)。

1838年,明命帝(越南)允许测量并绘制该海域的地图。它被称为"大南ー统全图",其中清楚地显示了越南的南沙群岛和西沙群岛。

1879年,英国海军部出版《航海指南》卷二,其中第四章第68-69页描述了双子群礁,最后提到了海南岛渔民的活动:

(英语原文:The cays are frequented by Chinese fishermen from Hainan, who collect bêche-de-mer, turtle-shell, etc, and supply themselves with water from a well in the centre of the north-eastern cay.)

越南是法国殖民地时,法国政府继续代表越南与黄沙和南沙群岛一起管理双子群礁。

1904年,清朝测量并出版了"皇朝直省地舆全图"。该图最南端是海南岛,没有南沙群岛和西沙群岛。

1935年,中華民国政府公布名称为北险礁。

1958年,越南共和国海军在北子岛和南子岛上建立了主权里程碑。

1970年,菲律宾海军占领了越南的北子岛。

目前,越南军队正在管理南子岛。菲律宾占领北子岛。

地理位置

地質地形

  • 是一近似菱形的环礁,东北至西南长约16km,宽8.3km。
  • 西北部发育形成有北子岛和南子岛,低潮时东北端露出贡士礁,西南露出奈罗礁。
  • 环礁中浅湖水深30—50米,环礁外围是水深1000—1500米的深海。

外部链接

  1. ^ 《海國聞見錄》校注,作者:李长傅,中州古籍出版社,郑州,1984年,第53-54页
  2. ^ The China Sea Directory. Vol. II. London, 1879.

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