诺福克岛

诺福克岛领地
Teratri of Norf'k Ailen[1]
Territory of Norfolk Island
諾福克島徽章
徽章
格言:Inasmuch[2]
国歌:"Advance Australia Fair"[註 1]
《前进,美丽的澳大利亚》

皇室颂歌"God Save the king"
《天佑國王》

諾福克島的位置
地位海外領地
行政中心
暨最大城市
金斯敦
官方语言英语诺福克语
主权国家 澳大利亞
政府澳洲聯邦政府
查爾斯三世
安東尼·艾班尼斯
• 行政官
Eric Hutchinson
澳大利亚领地
• 脫離塔斯曼尼亞
殖民地
1856年11月1日
• 加入澳洲聯邦
1914年7月1日
面积
• 总计
34.6平方公里
人口
• 2016年普查
1,748
• 密度
50.5/平方公里
货币澳大利亚元AUD
时区UTC+11[4]
ISO 3166码NF
互联网顶级域.nf

诺福克岛(英語:Norfolk Island)是澳大利亚位於南太平洋的一个岛屿拉脫維亞語Norfolka (sala),與緊鄰的菲利普島尼皮恩島共同組成一個外島領地[5][6]。島上散佈名列世界遺產的建築物,面积约34.6平方公里。人口1748人(2016年)。主要为来自皮特凯恩群岛英国人后裔,其余为澳大利亚、新西兰波利尼西亚人。人口中,80.8%为澳大利亚公民,16%为新西兰公民。官方语言为英语,当地居民也讲诺福克语,71.5%的居民信奉基督教。该岛行政中心金斯敦

歷史

歐洲人定居初時,諾福克島並無人居住,但早期有人居住的證據是顯而易見的。考古調查表明,在 13 或 14 世紀,東波利尼西亞海員在曾該島定居,他們來自新西蘭北部的克馬得群島或新西蘭北島。然而,波利尼西亞和美拉尼西亞的人工製品都已於島上被發現,因此來自離北部較近的新喀里多尼亞的人也有可能到達了諾福克島。但在 18 世紀末歐洲人到達之前,島上的人類活動至少已經停止了數百年。歸根結底,該島相對孤立,不利於長期定居。

英國探險家詹姆斯·庫克於1774年「發現」諾福克島,並以諾福克公爵夫人瑪麗霍華德的名字為島嶼命名。當時該島用作安置流放的囚犯,之前從未有人定居[7]。1855年,維多利亞女王將諾福克島交予近代史上最著名的邦蒂號海上叛變參與者後裔。

2015年5月14日,澳大利亚议会通过了《诺福克岛立法修正案》,后于5月26日签署。这项法案将減少诺福克岛政府的自治權利,使澳洲聯邦法律適用於諾福克島。包括税收、社会安全、卫生等都和澳大利亚本土一致,2016年7月1日起,澳大利亚移民边境保护局负责诺福克岛的移民以及海关活动[8]。同时,废除诺福克岛立法议会,改设一般地方政府性质的诺福克岛地区委员会[9]

政治

澳大利亚联邦政府派出行政官管辖行政事务。岛上设有诺福克岛领地最高法院,诺福克岛居民在选举澳大利亚议会议员时列入首都领地比恩选区。诺福克岛地区议会与新南威尔士州境内的地区议会相同,受其监督[10]

居民

根據2016年的人口普查中,诺福克岛的人口为1748人,較2001年的2601人減少許多,另外,2011年居民人口普查结果顯示,普查人数約78%為當地居民,其餘22%為境外訪客, 14歲以下人口占16%,15至64岁人口占54%,65岁以上人口占24%。[11]大多数居民為歐裔(特別是英裔)或欧裔和塔希提人的混血,多為邦蒂号事件叛变者的后代,以及來自澳大利亞和新西蘭的新移民,其中約一半居民的籍貫可追溯至皮特凯恩群岛

總人口

  • 1748(根据2016年人口普查)

人口增长率

  • 0.01%

族群[12]

出生國家

出生地 2011 2016
人數 比例 男性 女性 人數 比例
诺福克岛 - 79.5% - 381 22.1%
澳洲大陆 - - - 685 39.7%
新西蘭 - 13.3% - - 303 17.6%
斐濟 - 2.5% - - 47 2.7%
英國 - 1% - - 45 2.6%
菲律賓 - 1.1% - - 40 2.3%
其他 - 1.8% - -
不明 - 0.8% - -
總計 2,140 100.0% 818 930 1,748 100.0%
參考來源:[13][14]

地理

诺福克岛领地地图

诺福克岛位于太平洋西南部,西南距悉尼1676公里,南距新西兰640公里,是一个火山岛。主岛诺福克岛长8公里,宽4.8公里,海岸线长32公里。领土还包括无人居住的菲利浦岛(Phillip Island)(主岛以南7公里)和尼皮恩岛(主岛以南1公里)。诺福克岛土地肥沃,气候温和,属亚热带气候,适合农耕。2月平均气温为20~25℃,7月为13~18℃。年平均降雨量1350毫米。

生態

諾福克棕櫚

諾福克島樹蕨是本島的代表植物,也是世界上最高的蕨類,故出現在島旗上,是南半球针叶树,另有51種植物是島上特有種。特有動物多為鳥類,包括紅額長尾鸚鵡

參見

注释

  1. ^ 澳大利亚的皇室颂歌为《天佑國王》,在王室成员访问澳大利亚时演奏。在其他适宜场合,国歌《前进,美丽的澳大利亚》将会演奏[3]

參考資料

  1. ^ Norfolk Island Broadcasting Act 2001 – Norf'k Ailen Brordkaasen Aekt 2001. [2015-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2014-09-19). 
  2. ^ The Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island. [2014-10-18]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-18). 
  3. ^ It's an Honour – Symbols – Australian National Anthem页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) and DFAT – "澳大利亚的国歌" 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-10-15.; 国家象征 (PDF). 澳大利亚联邦议会手册 29. 2005 [2002] [2007-06-07]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-06-11). 
  4. ^ Norfolk Island standard time changes 4 October 2015. [2017-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-03). 
  5. ^ Norfolk Island. The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities and Regional Development. 2019-05-17 [2019-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-30) (英语). 
  6. ^ 澳洲旅遊局. 澳洲的城市、州及領地. Tourism Australia. [2018-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-23). 
  7. ^ 发现南方大陆:库克船长的秘密航程. DW德国之声. [2022-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-24). 
  8. ^ 诺福克岛的入境及过境要求. Air New Zealand Limited. [2021-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-24). 
  9. ^ Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Bill 2015. Parliament of Australia. [2019-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-12) (英语). 
  10. ^ Norfolk Island, South Pacific haven with NSW postcode and ACT vote, grapples with Australian rule. ABC News. [2021-12-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-31). 
  11. ^ Norfolk Island Census of Population and Housing: Census Description, Analysis and Basic Tables (PDF). 9 August 2011 [3 March 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-24). 
  12. ^ 存档副本. [2021-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-07). 
  13. ^ Addendum to the Norfolk Island 2011 Census Report (PDF). [2021-07-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-07-04). 
  14. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2 October 2017. – Norfolk Island – Ancestry, top responses

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