Dini rasmi

Dini rasmi ni dini ambayo imetangazwa na nchi fulani kuwa yake kwa namna ya pekee. Kiasi ambacho dini hiyo inapata sapoti ya sheria, serikali n.k. inategemea kwa kawaida katiba ya nchi.

Si lazima serikali iwe chini ya mamlaka ya dini hiyo, wala kufuata masharti yake yote, wala kwamba uongozi wa dini uwe chini ya serikali au kwamba serikali iwe chini ya viongozi wa dini.

Historia

Dini rasmi zilikuwepo tangu zamani, kwa mfano Mashariki ya Kati tangu karne za K.K., na hata kabla ya historia inayoshuhudiwa na maandishi.

Uhusiano kati ya dini na mamlaka ya kisiasa ulijadiliwa na Marcus Terentius Varro (116 KK – 27 KK) kwa jina la theologia civilis ("teolojia ya uraia").

Upande wa Ukristo, kwa mara ya kwanza ulipata kuwa dini rasmi nchini Armenia mwaka 301.^[1]

Dini rasmi leo

Nchi zenye dini rasmi.

Ukristo

Uislamu

Ubuddha

Nchi zenye dini rasmi (kinaganaga).

Ukristo      Kanisa Katoliki      Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi      Walutheri      Anglikana      Ukalvini      Umethodisti

Uislamu      Uislamu wa Kisuni      Uislamu wa Kishia      Uislamu wa Kiibadi

Ubuddha wa Theravada      Ubuddha wa Vajrayana

Katika nchi nyingi tumezoea kwamba serikali haina dini. Kila mwananchi ni huru kuchagua imani yake. Kumbe wazo hilo si la kawaida popote duniani.

Mpaka leo tunasikia habari za nchi zinazotoa kipaumbele kwa dini au madhehebu fulani upande wa serikali. Kule Uingereza mfalme au malkia anapaswa kuwa Mkristo wa Kianglikana naye ni mlezi mkuu wa Kanisa la Kianglikana. Kule Denmark na Sweden wafalme wanapaswa kuwa Wakristo wa Kilutheri. Katika nchi nyingi za Waarabu Rais awe Mwislamu wa madhehebu ya Sunni. Kule Iran Rais huchaguliwa kati ya wataalamu Waislamu wa madhehebu ya Shia. Taratibu hizo ni mabaki ya utaratibu ambao miaka 200 iliyopita ulikuwa kawaida katika sehemu nyingi za dunia.

Kwa sasa, dini rasmi katika nchi tofautitofauti ni Ukristo, Uislamu na Ubuddha. Suala la haki za Uyahudi nchini Israeli ni la pekee.

Nchi za Kikristo

Zifuatazo ni nchi zinazokubali rasmi madhehebu fulani ya Ukristo:

Kanisa Katoliki

• Argentina^[2][3]
• Costa Rica^[4]
• Liechtenstein^[5]
• Malta^[6]
• Monaco^[7]
• Vatican City^[8] (Kitheokrasi)

Nyingine

• Andorra
• Dominican Republic
• El Salvador
• Panama
• Paraguay^[9]
• Peru^[10]
• Poland^[11]
• Hispania^[12]

Nchi hizo pengine zinalipatia Kanisa Katoliki fadhili fulani bila kulifanya dini rasmi.

Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi

• Ugiriki^[13]
• Georgia^[14]

Uprotestanti

Anglikana

• England^[15]

Ulutheri

• Denmark^[16]
  • Faroe Islands
• Iceland^[17][18]
• Norway^{[19][20][21][22]}Kuanzia tarehe 1 Januari 2017^[23][24] Kanisa la Kilutheri la Norway linaendelea kupata pesa toka serikalini, lakini si tena dini rasmi wala taasisi ya serikali.^[25]
• Ufini^[26][27][28]
• Uswidi^[29]

Wareformati

• Scotland
• Tuvalu

Nchi za Kiislamu

Nchi nyingi ambako wananchi wengi ni Waislamu zimefanya dini yao kuwa rasmi, hata kukataza nyingine.

Islam (bila madhehebu maalumu)

• Bangladesh^[30]
• Iraq
• Jibuti^[31]
• Pakistan^[32]
• Palestina^[33]

Uislamu wa Kisuni

• Afghanistan
• Algeria
• Brunei
• Comoros
• Jordan
• Libya
• Maldives
• Malaysia
• Mauritania
• Misri
• Morocco
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Somalia
• Tunisia
• Muungano wa Falme za Kiarabu

Uislamu wa Shiʾa

• Iran (Kitheokrasi)

Uislamu wa Ibadi

• Oman

Shia na Sunni pamoja

• Kuwait
• Yemen
• Bahrain

Nchi za Kibuddha

Theravada

• Cambodia^[34]
• Sri Lanka
• Thailand^[35]

Vajrayana

• Bhutan

Uyahudi

• Israel

Tanbihi

1. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History – Page 268 by Cambridge University Press, Gale Group, C.W. Dugmore
2. "Preable: First part, section 2". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-03-27. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
3. "Nakala iliyohifadhiwa". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2014-10-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
4. "Costa Rica Constitution in English TITLE VI: RELIGION". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2015-09-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
5. Constitution Religion kwenye Wayback Machine (archived 26 Machi 2009). (archived from the original on 2009-03-26).
6. Constitution of Malta (Article 2)
7. CONSTITUTION DE LA PRINCIPAUTE kwenye Wayback Machine (archived 27 Septemba 2011). (French): Art. 9., Principaute De Monaco: Ministère d'Etat (archived from the original on 2011-09-27).
8. "Vatican City". Catholic-Pages.com. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-09-04. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Agosti 2013.
9. "Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay". The role played by the Catholic Church in the historical and cultural formation of the Republic is hereby recognized.
10. "Constitution of the Republic of Peru" (PDF). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2015-07-24. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21. Within an independent and autonomous system, the State recognizes the Catholic Church as an important element in the historical, cultural, and moral formation of Peru and lends it its cooperation. The State respects other denominations and may establish forms of collaboration with them.
11. "The Constitution of the Republic of Poland". 1997-04-02. The relations between the Republic of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church shall be determined by international treaty concluded with the Holy See, and by statute. The relations between the Republic of Poland and other churches and religious organizations shall be determined by statutes adopted pursuant to agreements concluded between their appropriate representatives and the Council of Ministers.
12. "Spanish Constitution" (PDF). The public authorities shall take into account the religious beliefs of Spanish society and shall consequently maintain appropriate cooperation relations with the Catholic Church and other confessions.
13. THE CONSTITUTION OF GREECE : SECTION II RELATIONS OF CHURCH AND STATE, Hellenic Resources network.
14. Constitution of Georgia Article 9(1&2) and 73(1a/1)
15. "The History of the Church of England". The Archbishops' Council of the Church of England. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2010-02-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2006-05-24.
16. Denmark – Constitution: Section 4 State Church, International Constitutional Law.
17. Constitution of the Republic of Iceland: Article 62, Government of Iceland.
18. "Statistics Iceland - Statistics » Population » Religious organisations". Statice.is. 2011. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-05-27.
19. The Constitution of Norway, Article 16 (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament)
20. Løsere bånd, men fortsatt statskirke Ilihifadhiwa 8 Januari 2014 kwenye Wayback Machine., ABC Nyheter
21. Staten skal ikke lenger ansette biskoper, NRK
22. Human-Etisk Forbund. "Ingen avskaffelse: / Slik blir den nye statskirkeordningen". Fritanke.no.
23. Offisielt frå statsrådet 27. mai 2016 regjeringen.no «Sanksjon av Stortingets vedtak 18. mai 2016 til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Lovvedtak 56 (2015-2016) Lov nr. 17 Delt ikraftsetting av lov 27. mai 2016 om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.). Loven trer i kraft fra 1. januar 2017 med unntak av romertall I § 3 nr. 8 første og fjerde ledd, § 3 nr. 10 annet punktum og § 5 femte ledd, som trer i kraft 1. juli 2016.»
24. Lovvedtak 56 (2015–2016) Vedtak til lov om endringer i kirkeloven (omdanning av Den norske kirke til eget rettssubjekt m.m.) Stortinget.no
25. http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-ends-500-year-old-lutheran-church-partnership-biggest-change-since-reformation-172480/
26. Finland – Constitution, Section 76 The Church Act, http://servat.unibe.ch/icl/fi00000_.html.
27. "Status of the Finnish State Church in 2007—Privileges of the State Church". eroakirkosta.fi. 7 Oktoba 2007. Iliwekwa mnamo 2007-10-23.
28. 77.2 percent of Finns belong to the Lutheran church Ilihifadhiwa 4 Machi 2016 kwenye Wayback Machine. evl.fi 10.2.2012
29. "Medlemmar 1972-2008, tabell och diagram" (kwa Swedish). Svenska kyrkan. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (XLS, 22.5 KiB) mnamo 2010-08-25. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21.
30. "THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH (As modified up to 17 May, 2004)". parliament.gov.bd. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2012-03-06. Iliwekwa mnamo 2014-12-21. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
31. "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 - Djibouti". Iliwekwa mnamo Oktoba 5, 2013.
32. "Part I: "Introductory"". Pakistani.org. Iliwekwa mnamo Juni 4, 2013.
33. "Palestinian Basic Law (May 29, 2002)". Jewish Virtual Library.
34. "Constitution of Cambodia". cambodia.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2011-04-13. (Article 43).
35. "Thailand" (PDF). US Department of State. n.d. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 Oktoba 2014.

Marejeo

• Rowlands, John Henry Lewis (1989). Church, State, and Society, 1827-1845: the Attitudes of John Keble, Richard Hurrell Froude, and John Henry Newman. Worthing, Eng.: P. Smith [of] Churchman Publishing; Folkestone, Eng.: distr. ... by Bailey Book Distribution. ISBN 1-85093-132-1

Viungo vya nje

• McConnell, Michael W. (Aprili 2003). "Establishment and Disestablishment at the Founding, Part I: Establishment of Religion". William and Mary Law Review, provided by Questia.com. 44 (5): 2105. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2008-12-01. Iliwekwa mnamo 2006-11-23. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |quotes= na |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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