Lingue osco-umbre

Disambiguazione – "Osco-umbro" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando l'insieme di popoli dell'Italia antica, vedi Osco-umbri.
Lingue osco-umbre
Parlato inItalia
PeriodoI millennio a.C.-I millennio d.C.
Locutori
Classificaestinta
Tassonomia
FilogenesiLingue indoeuropee
 Lingue italiche
  Osco-umbre
Codici di classificazione
Linguist Listsabi (EN)
Glottologsabe1249 (EN)

Le lingue osco-umbre (o lingue italiche orientali) sono una famiglia linguistica indoeuropea attestata nell'Italia continentale da metà del I millennio a.C. ai primi secoli del I millennio d.C. Parlate dai popoli osco-umbri, sono dette anche lingue sabelliche[1].

Il rapporto con le "lingue italiche"

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Lingue italiche e Osco-umbri.

In passato si è ritenuto che le lingue osco-umbre costituissero un ramo di una famiglia indoeuropea più ampia, quella delle lingue italiche, composta anche dal latino, dal falisco e da altre lingue affini e parallela a quella celtica o germanica; caposcuola di questa ipotesi è considerato Antoine Meillet (1866-1936)[2].

A partire dall'opera di Alois Walde (1869-1924), però, questo schema unitario è stato sottoposto a critica radicale; decisive, in questo senso, sono state le argomentazioni addotte da Vittore Pisani (1899-1990) e, in seguito anche da Giacomo Devoto (1897-1974), che ha postulato l'esistenza di due distinti rami indoeuropei nei quali è possibile inscrivere le lingue italiche. Variamente riformulate negli anni successivi alla Seconda guerra mondiale, le varie ipotesi relative all'esistenza di due diverse famiglie indoeuropee si sono definitivamente imposte, anche se i tratti specifici che le separano o che le avvicinano, nonché i processi esatti di formazione e di penetrazione in Italia, restano oggetto di ricerca da parte della linguistica storica[3].

Le lingue e i dialetti osco-umbri

Diffusione della lingua osca, circa V secolo a.C.

Le lingue e dialetti osco-umbri dei quali si è conservata testimonianza erano:

Nel loro insieme, i dialetti osco-umbri sono indicati come dialetti sabellici; di alcuni di essi, a causa dell'esiguità delle testimonianze, non è stato possibile testimoniare il sottoinsieme dialettale:

Note

  1. ^ R. E. Wallace, Sabellian Languages, in The Ancient Languages of Europe, a cura di R. D. Woodward, Cambridge University Press, 2008
  2. ^ Francisco Villar, Gli Indoeuropei e le origini dell'Europa, pp. 474-475.
  3. ^ Villar, cit., pp. 447-482.
  4. ^ Mario Lopes Pegna, Popoli e lingue dell'Italia antica, Libreria editrice L. Del Re, 1967 ( p. 170)

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