Lingue italo-celtiche

Per lingue italo-celtiche si intende un'ipotetica famiglia linguistica del gruppo delle lingue indoeuropee, teorizzata da alcuni indoeuropeisti come raggruppamento dialettale intermedio tra la lingua protoindoeuropea ricostruita e le storiche lingue italiche e celtiche. Ipotizzata tra i primi da August Schleicher, tale teoria è in seguito stata abbandonata dall'indoeuropeistica[1].

Alla base di questo teorizzato raggruppamento "italo-celtico", parte del ramo occidentale (isoglossa centum-satem, a sua volta abbandonata dall'indoeuropeistica) delle lingue indo-europee, venivano poste parecchie somiglianze morfologiche specifiche che avevano fatto propendere ad una lingua ancestrale comune per i due subgruppi linguistici (italico e celitco).

Lo studioso Frederik Kortlandt continua a sostenere la teoria della proto-lingua italo-celtica e nel 2007 ha tentato la sua ricostruzione[2]. Un altro studio del 2002 di Ringe, Warnow, & Taylor si è dimostrato a favore della tesi "italo-celtica"[3].

Secondo David W. Anthony l'origine di questa lingua ancestrale "italo-celtica" è da ricercare nell'odierna Ungheria orientale, "kurganizzata" attorno al 3100 a.C. dalla cultura di Jamna. Successivamente, la cultura del vaso campaniforme, originaria anch'essa della pianura ungherese, espandendosi ad ovest avrebbe portato questa lingua in Baviera e in Austria, dove si evolse nel proto-celtico, mentre il proto-italico si sarebbe formato a partire dai dialetti "italo-celtici" che rimasero in Ungheria, penetrando poi in Italia durante la fine del II millennio a.C., attraverso la cultura protovillanoviana[4].

Somiglianze morfologiche fra italico e celtico

Fra le principali somiglianze morfologiche vi sono:

  • il genitivo tematico in -i
  • il congiutivo in -ā
  • il collasso del PIE (Proto-indoeuropeo) aoristo e perfetto in un tempo unico passato.
  • l'assimilazione di *p ad un successivo *kʷ

Note

  1. ^ Francisco Villar, Gli Indoeuropei e le origini dell'Europa, pp. 597-616.
  2. ^ Kortlandt, Frederik H .H., Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language, Leiden Studies in Indo-European Vol. 14, Rodopi 2007, ISBN 978-90-420-2177-8.
  3. ^ Donald Ringe, Tandy Warnow e Anne Taylor, Indo-European and Computational Cladistics, in Transactions of the Philological Society, vol. 100, n. 1, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, marzo 2002, pp. 59–129, DOI:10.1111/1467-968X.00091, ISSN 0079-1636 (WC · ACNP), OCLC 195112762, BL Shelfmark 8993.670000.
  4. ^ David W. Anthony - The Horse, The Wheel and Language pg.367

Bibliografia

  • (ES) Francisco Villar, Los Indoeuropeos y los origines de Europa: lenguaje e historia, Madrid, Gredos, 1991, ISBN 84-249-1471-6. Trad. it.: Francisco Villar, Gli Indoeuropei e le origini dell'Europa, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1997, ISBN 88-15-05708-0.
  • Jay Jasanoff, "An Italo-Celtic isogloss: the 3 pl. mediopassive in *-ntro," in D. Q. Adams (ed.), Festschrift for Eric P. Hamp. Volume I (= Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 23) (Washington, D.C., 1997): 146-161.
  • Winfred P. Lehmann, "Frozen Residues and Relative Dating", in Varia on the Indo-European Past: Papers in Memory of Marija Gimbutas, eds. Miriam Robbins Dexter and Edgar C. Polomé. Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. pp. 223–46
  • Winfred P. Lehmann, "Early Celtic among the Indo-European dialects"[collegamento interrotto], in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 49-50, Issue 1 (1997): 440-54.
  • Schmidt, Karl Horst, “Contributions from New Data to the Reconstruction of the Proto-Language”. In: Edgar Polomé, Winter, Werner eds., Reconstructing Languages and Cultures, 1st, Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 1992, pp. 35–62, ISBN 3-11-012671-0, OCLC 25009339.

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