List of cities by GDP

This is a list of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.^[1] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. Click on the headers to reorganize columns.

List

Cities by GDP

City proper/metropolitan area	Country/region	Official est. GDP up to date (billion US$)	Metropolitan population
A Coruña metropolitan area	Spain	28.819 (2020)[2]	1,121,815 (2020)[3]
Aachen	Germany	24.296 (2020)[2]	249,070 (2021)[4]
Aalborg	Denmark	31.855 (2021)[2]	219,487 (2021)[5]
Aarhus	Denmark	54.927 (2021)[2]	352,751 (2021)[6]
Abbotsford, British Columbia	Canada	6.239 (2020)[7]	203,907 (2020)[8]
Aberdeen, Scotland	United Kingdom	23.0 (2020)[9]	489,840 (2020)[10]
Abidjan	Ivory Coast	27 (2017)[11]	5,600,000 (2020)[12]
Abilene, TX MSA	United States	9.469 (2022)[13]	179,308 (2022)[14]
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	277.93 (2023)[15]	1,740,000 (2023)[16]
Adelaide	Australia	64.461 (2018–19)[17]	1,344,368 (2018–19)[18]
Ahmedabad	India	136.1 (2023)[19]	9,300,000 (2023)[16]
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis	France	135.038 (2021)[2]	1,680,000 (2021)[20]
Akron, OH MSA	United States	44.562 (2022)[13]	697,627 (2022)[14]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA	United States	6.108 (2022)[13]	130,467 (2022)[14]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA	United States	80.303 (2022)[13]	904,617 (2022)[14]
Albany, GA MSA	United States	7.312 (2022)[13]	145,786 (2022)[14]
Albuquerque, NM MSA	United States	53.862 (2022)[13]	919,543 (2022)[14]
Alexandria	Egypt	36.000 (2021)[21]	5,950,000 (2021)[20]
Alexandria, LA MSA	United States	7.460 (2022)[13]	149,189 (2022)[14]
Alicante metropolitan area	Spain	38.851 (2020)[2]	1,915,282 (2020)[22]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA	United States	54.323 (2022)[13]	871,229 (2022)[14]
Almaty	Kazakhstan	41.485 (2022)[23]	2,250,000 (2022)[24]
Altoona, PA MSA	United States	7.238 (2022)[13]	121,032 (2022)[14]
Alxa League	China	4.419 (2020)[25][26]	262,361 (2020)[27]
Amarillo, TX MSA	United States	17.376 (2022)[13]	271,171 (2022)[14]
Ames, IA MSA	United States	8.104 (2021)[13]	125,767 (2021)[28]
Amiens	France	19.418 (2021)[2]	304,331 (2021)[29]
Amsterdam metropolitan area	Netherlands	237.841 (2022)[2]	2,500,000 (2022)[24]
Anápolis	Brazil	6.740 (2011)[30]	334,623 (2010)[31]
Anchorage, AK MSA	United States	31.570 (2022)[13]	400,470 (2022)[14]
Angers Loire Métropole	France	29.379 (2021)[2]	394,256 (2021)[32]
Ankara	Turkey	74.83 (2021)[33]	5,150,000 (2021)[20]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA	United States	30.556 (2022)[13]	366,376 (2022)[14]
Annecy	France	29.98 (2021)[2]	183,697 (2021)[34]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA	United States	5.466 (2022)[13]	115,788 (2022)[14]
Anshan	China	80.968 (2020)[35]	2,625,000 (2020)[12]
Antwerp metropolitan area	Belgium	66.063 (2021)[2]	1,230,000 (2021)[20]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area	United States	16.977 (2022)[13]	244,845 (2022)[14]
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area	Netherlands	34.621 (2021)[2]	774,506 (2022)[36]
Asheville, NC MSA	United States	26.228 (2022)[13]	476,072 (2022)[14]
Astana	Kazakhstan	23.115 (2022)[23]	1,350,228 (2022)[37]
Asturias metropolitan area	Spain	27.152 (2022)[38][39]	1,009,088 (2022)[40]
Athens Metropolitan Area	Greece	85.809 (2020)[2]	3,350,000 (2020)[12]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA	United States	12.628 (2022)[13]	220,405 (2022)[14]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA MSA	United States	525.888 (2022)[13]	6,222,106 (2022)[14]
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA	United States	16.851 (2022)[13]	275,638 (2022)[14]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA	United States	8.256 (2022)[13]	180,773 (2022)[14]
Auckland	New Zealand	139.50 (2022)[41] />	1,531,400 (2022)[24]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA	United States	34.185 (2022)[13]	624,083 (2022)[14]
Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX MSA	United States	222.054 (2022)[13]	2,421,115 (2022)[14]
Bakersfield, CA MSA	United States	57.541 (2022)[13]	916,108 (2022)[14]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan	Indonesia	29.901 (2021)[42]	2,621,877 (2021)[42]
Ballarat	Australia	4.460 (2018–19)[17]	108,491 (2018–19)[43]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA	United States	241.399 (2022)[13]	2,835,672 (2022)[14]
Bandung Metropolitan	Indonesia	38.290 (2021)[44]	7,050,000 (2021)[20]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region	Thailand	252.128 (2022)[45]	19,900,000 (2022)[24]
Bangor, ME MSA	United States	8.551 (2022)[13]	153,704 (2022)[14]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.017 (2021)[46]	2,164,485 (2021)[46]
Baotou	China	40.412 (2020)[25][26]	2,225,000 (2020)[12]
Barcelona metropolitan area	Spain	182.524 (2020)[2]	4,775,000 (2020)[12]
Barnstable Town, MA MSA	United States	16.351 (2022)[13]	232,457 (2022)[14]
Barrie	Canada	6.453 (2020)[7]	218,377 (2020)[8]
Batam Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.006 (2021)[47]	1,450,000 (2021)[20]
Baton Rouge, LA MSA	United States	62.951 (2022)[13]	873,060 (2022)[14]
Battle Creek, MI MSA	United States	7.728 (2022)[13]	133,289 (2022)[14]
Bay City, MI MSA	United States	4.592 (2022)[13]	102,821 (2022)[14]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA	United States	29.007 (2022)[13]	393,575 (2022)[14]
Beckley, WV MSA	United States	5.187 (2021)[13]	113,724 (2021)[48]
Belfast	United Kingdom	21.365 (2022)[49][50]	348,006 (2022)[49]
Belgrade	Serbia	25.31 (2021)[51]	1,430,000 (2021)[20]
Belleville, Ontario	Canada	3.814 (2020)[7]	113,045 (2020)[8]
Bellingham, WA MSA	United States	19.595 (2022)[13]	230,677 (2022)[14]
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	54.996 (2011)[30]	4,744,599 (2010)[52]
Bend, OR MSA	United States	13.878 (2022)[13]	206,549 (2022)[14]
Bendigo	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)[17]	99,416 (2018–19)[53]
Bengaluru	India	359.9 (2023)[54]	13,700,000 (2023)[16]
Bergamo metropolitan area	Italy	40.539 (2020)[2]	1,102,286 (2020)[55]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	271.818 (2021)[56]	4,750,000 (2021)[20]
Bhopal	India	5.35 (2023)[57]	2,600,000 (2023)[16]
Bielefeld	Germany	16.19 (2020)[2]	591,862 (2021)[58]
Bielsko-Biała	Poland	10.147 (2020)[2]	169,756 (2020)[59]
Bilbao metropolitan area	Spain	37.568 (2020)[2]	1,014,366 (2020)[60]
Billings, MT MSA	United States	13.208 (2022)[13]	190,208 (2022)[14]
Binghamton, NY MSA	United States	12.659 (2022)[13]	244,889 (2022)[14]
Birmingham (West Midlands)	United Kingdom	104.981 (2022)[49][50]	2,953,850 (2022)[49]
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA	United States	79.098 (2022)[13]	1,116,857 (2022)[14]
Bismarck, ND MSA	United States	8.881 (2022)[13]	134,846 (2022)[14]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA	United States	9.060 (2022)[13]	165,812 (2022)[14]
Bloomington, IL MSA	United States	14.431 (2022)[13]	171,141 (2022)[14]
Bloomington, IN MSA	United States	9.085 (2022)[13]	161,227 (2022)[14]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA	United States	5.205 (2022)[13]	83,017 (2022)[14]
Bocholt metropolitan area	Germany	16.488 (2020)[2]	71,074 (2021)[61]
Boise, ID MSA	United States	49.947 (2022)[13]	811,336 (2022)[14]
Bologna metropolitan area	Italy	45.648 (2020)[2]	1,017,225 (2020)
Bordeaux	France	73.813 (2021)[2]	1,100,000 (2021)[20]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA	United States	504.167 (2022)[13]	4,900,550 (2022)[14]
Boulder, CO MSA	United States	35.608 (2022)[13]	327,468 (2022)[14]
Bournemouth and Poole	United Kingdom	16.864 (2022)[49][50]	401,897 (2022)[49]
Bowling Green, KY MSA	United States	9.794 (2022)[13]	185,682 (2022)[14]
Brantford	Canada	4.58 (2020)[7]	151,620 (2020)[8]
Brasília	Brazil	65.338 (2015)(8th)	3,548,438 (2017)[62]
Brașov	Romania	8.472 (2020)[2]	371,802 (2021)[63]
Bratislava metropolitan area	Slovakia	33.072 (2021)[2]	719,537 (2021)[64]
Breda	Netherlands	33.23 (2020)[2]	324,812 (2014)[65]
Bremen	Germany	56.517 (2020)[2]	1,000,000 (2020)[12]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA	United States	15.477 (2022)[13]	277,673 (2022)[14]
Brescia metropolitan area	Italy	46.603 (2020)[2]	1,250,527 (2020)[55]
Brest Métropole	France	32.956 (2021)[2]	381,226 (2021)[66]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT MSA	United States	104.368 (2022)[13]	962,946 (2022)[14]
Brighton & Hove	United Kingdom	15.076 (2022)[49][50]	277,963 (2022)[49]
Brisbane	Australia	177 (2018–19)[17]	2,388,038 (2018–19)[67]
Bristol	United Kingdom	25.999 (2022)[49][50]	479,032 (2022)[49]
Brno	Czech Republic	30.963 (2021)[2]	398,510 (2021)[68]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA	United States	14.259 (2022)[13]	425,208 (2022)[14]
Brunswick, GA MSA	United States	5.933 (2022)[13]	114,442 (2022)[14]
Brussels metropolitan area	Belgium	237.08 (2022)[2]	2,725,000 (2022)[24]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area	Romania	78.052 (2021)[69]	2,200,000 (2021)[20]
Budapest metropolitan area	Hungary	86.93 (2021)[2]	2,625,000 (2021)[20]
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA	United States	84.673 (2022)[13]	1,161,192 (2022)[14]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA	United States	17.478 (2022)[13]	227,521 (2022)[14]
Burlington, NC MSA	United States	7.889 (2022)[13]	176,353 (2022)[14]
Bursa	Turkey	33.641 (2021)[70]	2,125,000 (2021)[20]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area	South Korea	252.145 (2022)[45]	5,115,000 (2022)[24]
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area	Poland	12.417 (2020)[2]	752,655 (2019)[71]
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area	Spain	22.971 (2020)[2]	639,560 (2022) INE
Caen	France	25.054 (2021)[2]	395,885 (2021)[72]
Cairns	Australia	10.709 (2018–19)[17]	153,951 (2019)[73]
Calgary Metropolitan Region	Canada	76.548 (2020)[7]	1,542,956 (2020)[8]
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA	United States	8.849 (2022)[13]	114,877 (2022)[14]
Campinas	Brazil	40.525 (2011)[30]	1,874,487 (2011)[74]
Campo Grande	Brazil	9.59 (2013)[75]	786,797 (2010)[76]
Campos dos Goytacazes	Brazil	5.358 (2016)[77]	511,168 (2020)[78]
Canberra	Australia	30.909 (2018–19)[17]	465,118 (2018–19)[79]
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA	United States	22.880 (2022)[13]	399,316 (2022)[14]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA	United States	44.629 (2022)[13]	822,453 (2022)[14]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA	United States	5.282 (2022)[13]	98,275 (2022)[14]
Cape Town	South Africa	56.300 (2022)[80]	4,375,000 (2022)[24]
Caracas	Venezuela	70 (2012)[81]	1,942,652 (2011)[82]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA	United States	6.801 (2022)[13]	132,693 (2022)[14]
Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan	United Kingdom	21.983 (2022)[49][50]	505,569 (2022)[49]
Carson City, NV MSA	United States	4.285 (2022)[13]	58,130 (2022)[14]
Casablanca	Morocco	47.000 (2022)[83]	4,625,000 (2022)[24]
Casper, WY MSA	United States	6.273 (2022)[13]	79,601 (2022)[14]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA	United States	22.009 (2022)[13]	275,592 (2022)[14]
Central German Metropolitan Region	Germany	109.582 (2020)[56]	2,411,051 (2020)[84]
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA	United States	7.457 (2022)[13]	156,902 (2022)[14]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA	United States	14.328 (2022)[13]	223,265 (2022)[14]
Chandigarh	India	6 (2023)| GDP_rank = 25th	2,575,000 (2023)[16]
Changchun	China	96.240 (2020)[25][85]	3,700,000 (2020)[12]
Changde	China	54.355 (2020)[25]	1,160,000 (2020)[12]
Changji Prefecture	China	20.113 (2020)[25][86]	1,613,585 (2020)[87]
Changsha	China	208 (2022)[88][89][90]	10,420,600 (2022)[91]
Charleroi	Belgium	16.93 (2021)[2]	396,820 (2021)[92]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA	United States	56.933 (2022)[13]	830,529 (2022)[14]
Charleston, WV MSA	United States	14.891 (2022)[13]	251,914 (2022)[14]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA	United States	228.913 (2022)[13]	2,756,069 (2022)[14]
Charlottesville, VA MSA	United States	17.190 (2022)[13]	223,825 (2022)[14]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA	United States	40.042 (2022)[13]	574,507 (2022)[14]
Chengdu	China	260.409 (2023)	16,600,000 (2023)[16]
Chennai	India	219 (2020)[93]	11,300,000 (2020)[12]
Cheyenne, WY MSA	United States	7.545 (2022)[13]	100,723 (2022)[14]
Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI CSA	United States	832.899 (2022)[13]	9,806,184 (2022)[14]
Chico, CA MSA	United States	11.077 (2022)[13]	207,303 (2022)[14]
Chittagong	Bangladesh	25.5 (2019)[94]	4,925,000 (2020)[12]
Chongqing	China	407.562 (2022)[95]	10,100,000 (2022)[24]
Chuzhou	China	43.960 (2020)[25]	3,937,868 (2020)[96]
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA	United States	186.141 (2022)[13]	2,265,051 (2022)[14]
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA	United States	16.209 (2022)[13]	336,605 (2022)[14]
Clermont-Ferrand	France	26.492 (2021)[2]	362,578 (2021)[97]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA	United States	162.788 (2022)[13]	2,063,132 (2022)[14]
Cleveland, TN MSA	United States	6.296 (2022)[13]	128,479 (2022)[14]
Cluj-Napoca	Romania	13.155 (2020)[2]	286,598 (2021)[98]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0.011 (2010)[99]	561 (2011)[100]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA	United States	9.609 (2022)[13]	183,578 (2022)[14]
Coimbatore	India	45 (2021)[101]	2,775,000 (2021)[20]
Coimbra	Portugal	9.837 (2021)[2]	140,796 (2021)[102]
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA	United States	18.181 (2022)[13]	277,824 (2022)[14]
Colorado Springs, CO MSA	United States	47.905 (2022)[13]	765,424 (2022)[14]
Columbia, MO MSA	United States	12.514 (2022)[13]	214,630 (2022)[14]
Columbia, SC MSA	United States	54.072 (2022)[13]	847,686 (2022)[14]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA	United States	17.038 (2022)[13]	324,110 (2022)[14]
Columbus, IN MSA	United States	7.979 (2022)[13]	83,540 (2022)[14]
Columbus, OH MSA	United States	169.123 (2022)[13]	2,161,511 (2022)[14]
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole	France	23.471 (2021)[2]	564,024 (2021)[103]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées	France	26.427 (2021)[2]	311,949 (2021)[104]
Constanța	Romania	9.159 (2020)[2]	263,688 (2021)[105]
Copenhagen metropolitan area	Denmark	179.846 (2021)[2]	1,690,000 (2021)[20]
Córdoba metropolitan area	Spain	14.929 (2020)[2]	326,039 (2020)[106]
Corpus Christi, TX MSA	United States	28.228 (2022)[13]	421,628 (2022)[14]
Corvallis, OR MSA	United States	5.443 (2022)[13]	97,630 (2022)[14]
Coventry	United Kingdom	13.9 (2020)[107][39]	379,387 (2020)[108]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA	United States	21.491 (2022)[13]	299,786 (2022)[14]
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA	United States	4.342 (2022)[13]	94,122 (2022)[14]
Curitiba	Brazil	58.082 (2011)[30]	3,054,076 (2010)[109]
Daegu	South Korea	50.400 (2022)[110]	2,750,000 (2022)[24]
Daejeon	South Korea	40.000 (2022)[110]	1,540,000 (2022)[24]
Dalian	China	125 (2022)[88][89][90]	5,050,000 (2022)[24]
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA	United States	688.928 (2022)[13]	7,943,685 (2022)[14]
Dalton, GA MSA	United States	8.726 (2022)[13]	143,604 (2022)[14]
Danville, IL MSA	United States	3.946 (2022)[13]	72,337 (2022)[14]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA	United States	10.811 (2022)[13]	246,435 (2022)[14]
Daqing	China	33.362 (2020)[25][111]	1,620,000 (2020)[12]
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	10.4 (2019)[112]	6,450,000 (2020)[12]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA	United States	25.774 (2022)[13]	379,374 (2022)[14]
Dayton, OH MSA	United States	41.111 (2022)[13]	812,595 (2022)[14]
Decatur, AL MSA	United States	8.038 (2022)[13]	157,425 (2022)[14]
Decatur, IL MSA	United States	8.181 (2022)[13]	101,483 (2022)[14]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA	United States	28.134 (2022)[13]	705,897 (2022)[14]
Denpasar Metropolitan	Indonesia	9.941 (2021)[113]	1,580,000 (2021)[20]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA	United States	288.800 (2022)[13]	2,985,871 (2022)[14]
Derby	United Kingdom	11.511 (2022)[49][50]	263,490 (2022)[49]
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA	United States	67.334 (2022)[13]	729,053 (2022)[14]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area	United States	305.412 (2022)[13]	4,345,761 (2022)[14]
Deyang	China	34.855 (2020)[25][114]	3,456,161 (2020)[115]
Dijon Métropole	France	23.472 (2021)[2]	368,440 (2021)[116]
Dongying	China	43.222 (2020)[25][117]	2,193,518 (2020)[118]
Dothan, AL MSA	United States	8.410 (2022)[13]	152,517 (2022)[14]
Dover, DE MSA	United States	9.920 (2022)[13]	186,946 (2022)[14]
Dresden	Germany	50.788 (2020)[2]	1,343,747 (2020)[60]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area	United Arab Emirates	202.800 (2022)[119]	6,050,000 (2022)[24]
Dubuque, IA MSA	United States	8.184 (2022)[13]	98,677 (2022)[14]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA	United States	16.822 (2022)[13]	291,323 (2022)[14]
Durban	South Africa	64.700 (2022)[80]	3,525,000 (2022)[24]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA	United States	63.950 (2022)[13]	664,310 (2022)[14]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA	United States	10.009 (2022)[13]	167,198 (2022)[14]
Eau Claire, WI MSA	United States	10.839 (2022)[13]	173,644 (2022)[14]
Edinburgh	United Kingdom	39.189 (2022)[49][50]	523,369 (2022)[49]
Edmonton Metropolitan Region	Canada	65.23 (2020)[7]	1,467,219 (2020)[8]
Eindhoven	Netherlands	48.257 (2020)[2]	300,751 (2020)[120]
El Centro, CA MSA	United States	11.064 (2022)[13]	178,713 (2022)[14]
El Paso, TX MSA	United States	43.283 (2022)[13]	872,195 (2022)[14]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA	United States	7.500 (2022)[13]	157,026 (2022)[14]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA	United States	21.094 (2022)[13]	206,890 (2022)[14]
Elmira, NY MSA	United States	4.337 (2022)[13]	81,426 (2022)[14]
Enid, OK MSA	United States	3.319 (2022)[13]	61,920 (2022)[14]
Enschede	Netherlands	27.337 (2020)[2]	315,807 (2014)[121]
Erfurt	Germany	20.347 (2020)[2]	213,227 (2021)[122]
Erie, PA MSA	United States	13.171 (2022)[13]	267,689 (2022)[14]
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA	United States	20.913 (2022)[13]	382,353 (2022)[14]
European Metropolis of Lille	France	101.806 (2021)[2]	1,300,000 (2021)[20]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA	United States	25.278 (2022)[13]	314,038 (2022)[14]
Ezhou	China	14.574 (2020)[25][123]	1,079,353 (2020)[124]
Fairbanks, AK MSA	United States	6.804 (2022)[13]	95,356 (2022)[14]
Faisalabad	Pakistan	43 (2013)[125]	3,204,704 (2017)[126]
Fangchenggang	China	10.624 (2020)[25][127]	1,046,068 (2020)[128]
Fargo, ND-MN MSA	United States	18.792 (2022)[13]	258,663 (2022)[14]
Farmington, NM MSA	United States	6.594 (2022)[13]	120,418 (2022)[14]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA	United States	37.749 (2022)[13]	576,403 (2022)[14]
Fayetteville, NC MSA	United States	25.960 (2022)[13]	529,318 (2022)[14]
Flagstaff, AZ MSA	United States	9.080 (2022)[13]	144,060 (2022)[14]
Flensburg	Germany	10.839 (2020)[2]	113,800 (2021)[129]
Flint, MI MSA	United States	17.635 (2022)[13]	401,983 (2022)[14]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA	United States	6.540 (2022)[13]	153,911 (2022)[14]
Florence, SC MSA	United States	11.807 (2022)[13]	199,119 (2022)[14]
Fond du Lac, WI MSA	United States	6.203 (2022)[13]	103,836 (2022)[14]
Fort Collins, CO MSA	United States	25.923 (2022)[13]	366,778 (2022)[14]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA	United States	12.024 (2022)[13]	247,072 (2022)[14]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA	United States	28.565 (2022)[13]	426,076 (2022)[14]
Fort-de-France	France	10.741 (2021)[2]	74,921 (2021)[130]
Fortaleza	Brazil	21.7 (2012)[131]	3,326,820 (2010)[132]
Freiburg im Breisgau	Germany	30.404 (2020)[2]	656,753 (2021)
Fresno, CA MSA	United States	55.427 (2022)[13]	1,015,190 (2022)[14]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu	Japan	182.952 (2019)[133]	4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Fuzhou	China	183 (2022)[88][89][90]	4,450,000 (2022)[24]
Gadsden, AL MSA	United States	3.489 (2022)[13]	103,088 (2022)[14]
Gainesville, FL MSA	United States	19.655 (2022)[13]	348,282 (2022)[14]
Gainesville, GA MSA	United States	15.264 (2022)[13]	212,692 (2022)[14]
Gdansk metropolitan area	Poland	23.448 (2020)[2]	1,098,379 (2021)[134]
Geelong	Australia	8.725 (2018–19)[17]	271,848 (2018–19)[135]
Geneva	Switzerland	55.423 (2020)[136]	506,343 (2020)[137]
George Town	Malaysia	27.535 (2022)[138][139]	2,050,000 (2022)[24]
Gettysburg, PA MSA	United States	4.429 (2022)[13]	106,027 (2022)[14]
Ghent metropolitan area	Belgium	39.015 (2021)[2]	561,524 (2021)[140]
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	3.265 (2022)[141][50]	32,688 (2022)[142]
Gladstone	Australia	4.464 (2018–19)[17]	45,130 (2018)[143]
Glasgow	United Kingdom	35.045 (2022)[49][50]	631,402 (2022)[49]
Glens Falls, NY MSA	United States	8.034 (2022)[13]	126,440 (2022)[14]
Goiânia	Brazil	22.763 (2011)[30]	2,078,438 (2011)[144]
Gold Coast	Australia	26.669 (2018–19)[17]	679,127 (2018)[145]
Goldsboro, NC MSA	United States	6.049 (2022)[13]	117,286 (2022)[14]
Gothenburg	Sweden	104.766 (2021)[2]	1,051,345 (2020)[60]
Granada metropolitan area	Spain	18.091 (2020)[2]	495,900 (2020)[146]
Grand Besançon Métropole	France	19.018 (2021)[2]	197,494 (2021)[147]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA	United States	6.580 (2022)[13]	103,144 (2022)[14]
Grand Island, NE MSA	United States	5.387 (2022)[13]	76,333 (2022)[14]
Grand Junction, CO MSA	United States	8.218 (2022)[13]	158,636 (2022)[14]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine	France	15.217 (2021)[2]	266,160 (2021)[148]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA	United States	77.296 (2022)[13]	1,094,198 (2022)[14]
Grand Reims	France	23.619 (2021)[2]	297,068 (2021)[149]
Grants Pass, OR MSA	United States	3.658 (2022)[13]	87,730 (2022)[14]
Graz	Austria	32.416 (2020)[2]	351,369 (2021)[150]
Great Falls, MT MSA	United States	4.781 (2022)[13]	84,864 (2022)[14]
Greater Buenos Aires	Argentina	235.600 (2023)[151]	16,700,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Cairo	Egypt	190.200 (2021)[21]	21,500,000 (2021)[20]
Dhaka	Bangladesh	285.1 (2023)[152]	20,900,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Dublin Area	Ireland	272.454 (2022)[2]	1,420,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Helsinki	Finland	125.166 (2022)[69]	1,500,000 (2022)[24]
Manchester (Greater Manchester)	United Kingdom	122.876 (2022)[49][50]	2,911,698 (2022)[49]
Greater Manila Area	Philippines	162.3 (2022)[153]	26,400,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Mexico City	Mexico	340.800 (2022)[154]	24,700,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Montreal	Canada	170.53 (2020)[7]	4,336,487 (2020)[8]
Greater São Paulo	Brazil	314.500 (2022)[155]	22,700,000 (2022)[24]
Greater Sudbury	Canada	7.242 (2020)[7]	172,476 (2020)[8]
Greater Tokyo Area	Japan	2,080.758 (2020)[156]	40,400,000 (2020)[12]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area	Canada	349.201 (2020)[157]	7,281,694 (2021)[8]
Greater Vancouver	Canada	122.113 (2020)[7]	2,743,765 (2020)[8]
Greeley, CO MSA	United States	27.344 (2022)[13]	350,176 (2022)[14]
Green Bay, WI MSA	United States	24.565 (2022)[13]	330,292 (2022)[14]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA	United States	49.029 (2022)[13]	784,101 (2022)[14]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA	United States	57.403 (2022)[13]	958,958 (2022)[14]
Greenville, NC MSA	United States	10.921 (2022)[13]	173,542 (2022)[14]
Grenoble metropolitan area	France	53.606 (2021)[2]	760,823 (2021)[158]
Groningen	Netherlands	22.301 (2020)[2]	232,874 (2020)[159]
Guadalajara	Mexico	65.800 (2023)[160]	5,750,000 (2023)[16]
Shenzhen	China	455.694 (2022)[95]	14,678,000 (2022)[24]
Guangzhou	China	429 (2022)[88][89][90]	18,676,000 (2022)[74]
Tianjin	China	243 (2022)[88][89][90]	11,200,000 (2022)[24]
Suzhou	China	356 (2022)[88][89][90]	12,748,000 (2022)[74]
Ningbo	China	234 (2022)[88][89][90]	6,850,000 (2022)[24]
Foshan	China	189 (2022)[88][89][90]	9,499,000 (2022)[74]
Nantong	China	169 (2022)[88][89][90]	3,125,000 (2022)[24]
Dongguan	China	167 (2022)[88][89][90]	10,466,000 (2022)[74]
Changzhou	China	142 (2022)[88][89][90]	5,278,000 (2022)[74]
Guelph	Canada	7.891 (2020)[7]	167,658 (2020)[8]
Guiyang	China	62.511 (2020)[25][161]	3,300,000 (2020)[12]
Gujranwala	Pakistan	15.681 (2016)[162]	5,011,066 (2017)[163]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA	United States	23.511 (2022)[13]	420,782 (2022)[14]
Gwangju	South Korea	36.000 (2022)[110]	1,630,000 (2022)[24]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA	United States	13.990 (2022)[13]	302,510 (2022)[14]
Haifa	Israel	25.082 (2019)[164]	1,050,000 (2019)[165]
Haixi Prefecture	China	8.986 (2020)[25][166]	468,216 (2020)[167]
Halifax, Nova Scotia	Canada	18.228 (2020)[7]	450,910 (2020)[8]
Hamamatsu	Japan	54.3 (2010)[168][169]	800,866 (2010)[170]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	261.306 (2020)[56]	2,875,000 (2020)[12]
Hami	China	8.814 (2020)[25][86]	673,383 (2020)[87]
Hammond, LA MSA	United States	5.447 (2022)[13]	137,048 (2022)[14]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA	United States	8.146 (2022)[13]	152,981 (2022)[14]
Hangzhou	China	279.000 (2022)[95]	11,936,010 (2020)[171]
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	186.167 (2020)[56]	3,845,271 (2015)[172]
Hanoi	Vietnam	42.04 (2019)[173]	8,053,663 (2019)[174]
Harbin	China	94.1 (2017)[175]	10,009,854 (2020)[176]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA	United States	47.815 (2022)[13]	603,493 (2022)[14]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA	United States	10.226 (2022)[13]	136,555 (2022)[14]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT MSA	United States	114.887 (2022)[13]	1,221,725 (2022)[14]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA	United States	7.901 (2022)[13]	173,359 (2022)[14]
Hefei	China	179 (2022)[88][89][90]	7,150,000 (2022)[24]
Heidelberg	Germany	34.067 (2020)[2]	1,544,830 (2020)[177]
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA	United States	18.281 (2022)[13]	368,347 (2022)[14]
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA	United States	12.497 (2022)[13]	228,410 (2022)[14]
Hinesville, GA MSA	United States	4.768 (2022)[13]	86,378 (2022)[14]
Hiroshima	Japan	61.3 (2010)[168][169]	2,860,750 (2010)[178]
Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area	Vietnam	96.399 (2022)[179]	10,900,000 (2022)[24]
Hobart	Australia	11.388 (2018–19)[17]	218,874 (2018–19)[180]
Hohhot	China	40.605 (2020)[25][26]	1,870,000 (2020)[12]
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA	United States	5.664 (2022)[13]	162,529 (2022)[14]
Hong Kong	China	401.751 (2024)[181]	7,557,000 (2024)[181]
Hot Springs, AR MSA	United States	4.200 (2022)[13]	100,089 (2022)[14]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA	United States	10.812 (2022)[13]	200,656 (2022)[14]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA	United States	633.184 (2022)[13]	7,340,118 (2022)[14]
Hsinchu	Taiwan	11.980 (2016)[182]	448,207 (2020)[183]
Huai'an	China	58.361 (2020)[25][184]	1,980,000 (2020)[12]
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA	United States	18.046 (2022)[13]	354,304 (2022)[14]
Huntsville, AL MSA	United States	38.101 (2022)[13]	514,465 (2022)[14]
Hyderabad	India	83.5 (2023)[185]	11,100,000 (2023)[16]
Iași	Romania	8.682 (2020)[2]	423,154 (2021)[63]
Idaho Falls, ID MSA	United States	11.248 (2022)[13]	165,608 (2022)[14]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA	United States	184.394 (2022)[13]	2,141,779 (2022)[14]
Indore	India	8.1 (2020–21)[186]	3,175,000 (2020)[12]
Innsbruck	Austria	15.921 (2020)[2]	228,866 (2021)[187]
Iowa City, IA MSA	United States	12.900 (2022)[13]	178,991 (2022)[14]
Iserlohn	Germany	16.739 (2020)[2]	91,873 (2021)[188]
Istanbul metropolitan area	Turkey	275.365 (2022)[189]	16,500,000 (2022)[24]
Ithaca, NY MSA	United States	7.274 (2022)[13]	104,777 (2022)[14]
İzmir	Turkey	51.460 (2021)[70]	3,050,000 (2021)[20]
Jackson, MI MSA	United States	7.990 (2022)[13]	160,066 (2022)[14]
Jackson, MS MSA	United States	34.043 (2022)[13]	583,197 (2022)[14]
Jackson, TN MSA	United States	10.814 (2022)[13]	181,579 (2022)[14]
Jacksonville, FL MSA	United States	117.162 (2022)[13]	1,675,668 (2022)[14]
Jacksonville, NC MSA	United States	10.737 (2022)[13]	207,298 (2022)[14]
Jaipur	India	15 (2021)[190]^[dead link‍]	4,050,000 (2021)[20]
Jakarta metropolitan area	Indonesia	323.030 (2022)[191][192][193]	28,600,000 (2022)[24]
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA	United States	9.277 (2022)[13]	164,060 (2022)[14]
Jeddah	Saudi Arabia	138.970 (2022)[194]	5,300,000 (2022)[24]
Jefferson City, MO MSA	United States	9.698 (2022)[13]	150,350 (2022)[14]
Jerusalem	Israel	48.0 (2015)[195]	1,008,400 (2013)[196]
Jiayuguan	China	4.083 (2020)[25][197]	312,663 (2020)[198]
Jinan	China	179 (2022)[88][89][90]	6,200,000 (2022)[24]
Jinchang	China	5.199 (2020)[25][197]	438,026 (2020)[198]
Beijing	China	618.648 (2022)[199]	20,500,000 (2022)[24]
Jingmen	China	27.640 (2020)[25][123]	2,596,927 (2020)[124]
Jiujiang	China	46.981 (2020)[25][200]	4,600,276 (2020)[201]
Johannesburg	South Africa	134.682 (2022)[80]	8,400,042 (2022)[74]
Johnson City, TN MSA	United States	9.943 (2022)[13]	210,256 (2022)[14]
Johnstown, PA MSA	United States	5.499 (2022)[13]	131,441 (2022)[14]
Jonesboro, AR MSA	United States	7.016 (2022)[13]	135,512 (2022)[14]
Joplin, MO MSA	United States	9.407 (2022)[13]	184,086 (2022)[14]
Jundiaí	Brazil	20.081 (2011)[30]	698,679 (2010)[202]
Kabul	Afghanistan	6.000	4,800,000 (2023)[16]
Kagoshima	Japan	53.0 (2019)[156]	1,588,256 (2020)[203]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA	United States	11.649 (2022)[13]	164,351 (2022)[14]
Kaiserslautern	Germany	9.577 (2020)[2]	124,300 (2021)[204]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA	United States	18.786 (2022)[13]	261,173 (2022)[14]
Kankakee, IL MSA	United States	8.320 (2022)[13]	106,074 (2022)[14]
Kansas City, MO-KS MSA	United States	169.501 (2022)[13]	2,209,494 (2022)[14]
Kaohsiung	Taiwan	58.071 (2016)[205]	2,775,000 (2020)[12]
Karachi	Pakistan	176.2 (2022)[206]	18,600,000 (2022)[24]
Karamay	China	12.858 (2020)[25][86]	490,348 (2020)[87]
Karlsruhe	Germany	43.054 (2020)[2]	504,030 (2020)[207]
Kassel	Germany	19.433 (2020)[2]	340,200 (2021)[208]
Katowice metropolitan area	Poland	52.713 (2021)[2]	2,325,000 (2021)[20]
Kaunas urban area	Lithuania	14.406 (2022)[209][39]	298,753 (2021)[210]
Kelowna	Canada	8.401 (2020)[7]	223,529 (2020)[8]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA	United States	19.553 (2022)[13]	311,469 (2022)[14]
Kiel	Germany	26.831 (2020)[2]	325,300 (2021)[211]
Kielce	Poland	9.144 (2020)[2]	192,468 (2021)(18th)[212]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA	United States	24.105 (2022)[13]	496,228 (2022)[14]
Kingston upon Hull	United Kingdom	9.687 (2022)[49][50]	268,844 (2022)[49]
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA	United States	17.596 (2022)[13]	311,272 (2022)[14]
Kingston, NY MSA	United States	9.053 (2022)[13]	182,319 (2022)[14]
Kingston, Ontario	Canada	6.873 (2020)[7]	176,176 (2020)[8]
Kitchener, Ontario	Canada	24.529 (2020)[7]	593,397 (2020)[8]
Knoxville, TN MSA	United States	58.893 (2022)[13]	907,968 (2022)[14]
Koblenz	Germany	17.01 (2020)[2]	113,638 (2021)[213]
Kokomo, IN MSA	United States	5.079 (2022)[13]	83,574 (2022)[14]
Kolkata	India	220 (2024)[214]	17,200,000 (2022)[24]
Konstanz, metropolitan area	Germany	12.212 (2020)[2]	288,097 (2021)
Košice	Slovakia	14.243 (2021)[2]	228,249 (2021)[215]
Kraków metropolitan area	Poland	29.165 (2020)[2]	1,498,499 (2020)
Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	59.831 (2019)[216]	8,900,000 (2020)[12]
Kumamoto	Japan	39.8 (2010)[168][217]	1,817,426 (2010)[218]
Kunming	China	97.628 (2020)[25][219]	4,250,000 (2020)[12]
Kuwait City	Kuwait	118.000 (2020)[220]	4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Kyiv	Ukraine	27.5 (2020)[221]	3,475,000 (2020)[12]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe	Japan	699.474 (2022)[45]	17,700,000 (2022)[24]
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA	United States	9.693 (2022)[13]	139,094 (2022)[14]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA	United States	14.002 (2022)[13]	226,452 (2022)[222]
Lafayette, LA MSA	United States	24.996 (2022)[13]	481,125 (2022)[14]
Lagos metropolitan area	Nigeria	102.010 (2021)[223]	20,100,000 (2021)[20]
Lahore	Pakistan	40.000 (2022)[224]	13,900,000 (2022)[24]
Lake Charles, LA MSA	United States	18.574 (2022)[13]	207,320 (2022)[14]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA	United States	7.715 (2022)[13]	220,816 (2022)[14]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA	United States	37.305 (2022)[13]	787,404 (2022)[14]
Lancaster, PA MSA	United States	36.312 (2022)[13]	556,629 (2022)[14]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA	United States	32.633 (2022)[13]	540,870 (2022)[14]
Laredo, TX MSA	United States	17.010 (2022)[13]	267,780 (2022)[14]
Las Cruces, NM MSA	United States	9.336 (2022)[13]	223,337 (2022)[14]
Las Palmas metropolitan area	Spain	16.93 (2020)[2]	556,159 (2020)[225]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA	United States	160.728 (2022)[13]	2,322,985 (2022)[14]
Launceston	Australia	3.961 (2018–19)[17]	89,532 (2018–19)[226]
Lawrence, KS MSA	United States	6.176 (2022)[13]	119,964 (2022)[14]
Lawton, OK MSA	United States	6.198 (2022)[13]	128,523 (2022)[14]
Le Mans Métropole	France	18.533 (2021)[2]	267,560 (2021)[227]
Lebanon, PA MSA	United States	7.510 (2022)[13]	144,011 (2022)[14]
Leeds (West Yorkshire)	United Kingdom	91.688 (2022)[49][50]	2,378,144 (2022)[49]
Leeuwarden metropolitan area	Netherlands	11.749 (2020)[2]	124,084 (2020)[228]
Leicester	United Kingdom	13.726 (2022)[49][50]	373,404 (2022)[49]
Leiden	Netherlands	18.472 (2020)[2]	270,225 (2018)[229]
Les Abymes	France	10.807 (2020)[2]	52,118 (2021)[230]
Lethbridge	Canada	5.059 (2020)[7]	128,795 (2020)[8]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA	United States	6.001 (2022)[13]	113,023 (2022)[14]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA	United States	3.641 (2022)[13]	65,512 (2022)[14]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA	United States	35.670 (2022)[13]	517,916 (2022)[14]
Lhasa	China	9.832 (2020)[25][231]	867,891 (2020)[232]
Lianyungang	China	47.512 (2020)[25][184]	1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Liège	Belgium	31.085 (2021)[2]	500,903 (2021)[233]
Lima	Peru	114.400 (2023)[234]	11,600,000 (2023)[16]
Lima, OH MSA	United States	10.789 (2022)[13]	101,115 (2022)[14]
Limoges metropolitan area	France	12.558 (2021)[2]	296,099 (2021)[235]
Lincoln, NE MSA	United States	25.459 (2022)[13]	342,448 (2022)[14]
Linz	Austria	43.918 (2020)[2]	271,234 (2020)[236]
Lisbon metropolitan area	Portugal	103.33 (2021)[2]	2,500,000 (2021)[20]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA	United States	47.322 (2022)[13]	757,615 (2022)[14]
Liuzhou	China	46.060 (2020)[25][127]	2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Liverpool (Merseyside)	United Kingdom	55.962 (2022)[49][50]	1,571,058 (2022)[49]
Ljubljana	Slovenia	23.937 (2021)[2]	294,464 (2021)[237]
Łódź metropolitan area	Poland	21.779 (2021)[2]	1,112,069 (2011)[238]
Logan, UT-ID MSA	United States	8.009 (2022)[13]	155,362 (2022)[14]
London (Greater London)	United Kingdom	692.765 (2022)[49][50]	8,866,198 (2022)[49]
London, Ontario	Canada	20.818 (2020)[7]	550,605 (2020)[8]
Longview, TX MSA	United States	20.259 (2022)[13]	291,219 (2022)[14]
Longview, WA MSA	United States	6.626 (2022)[13]	111,956 (2022)[14]
Longyan	China	41.623 (2020)[25][239]	2,723,637 (2020)[240]
Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA	United States	1,566.296 (2022)[13]	18,372,485 (2022)[241]
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA	United States	90.836 (2022)[13]	1,284,553 (2022)[14]
Lubbock, TX MSA	United States	18.116 (2022)[13]	328,283 (2022)[14]
Lublin	Poland	10.065 (2020)[2]	664,000 (2021)
Lucknow	India	3.83 (2023)[242]	4,000,000 (2023)[16]
Luton	United Kingdom	9.405 (2022)[49][50]	226,981 (2022)[49]
Luoyang	China	74.352 (2020)[25]	2,550,000 (2020)[12]
Luxembourg metropolitan area	Luxembourg	85.503 (2021)[2]	643,941 (2021)[243]
Lynchburg, VA MSA	United States	12.464 (2022)[13]	263,613 (2022)[14]
Maanshan	China	31.706 (2020)[25]	2,159,930 (2020)[244]
Macao	China	53.447 (2024)[181]	692,000 (2024)[181]
Mackay	Australia	6.540 (2018–19)[17]	80,148 (2018)[245]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA	United States	12.760 (2022)[13]	233,916 (2022)[14]
Madera, CA MSA	United States	7.738 (2022)[13]	160,256 (2022)[14]
Madison, WI MSA	United States	60.909 (2022)[13]	687,077 (2022)[14]
Madrid Metropolitan Area	Spain	277.508 (2021)[69]	6,700,000 (2021)[20]
Magdeburg	Germany	18.25 (2020)[2]	295,200 (2021)[246]
Makassar Metropolitan	Indonesia	17.052 (2021)[247]	1,920,000 (2021)[20]
Málaga metropolitan area	Spain	32.26 (2020)[2]	1,030,000 (2020)[12]
Malmö	Sweden	64.427 (2020)[2]	748,433 (2020)[248]
Manado Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.487 (2021)[249]	1,008,126 (2021)[249]
Manaus	Brazil	30.375 (2014)[250]	1,802,014 (2010)[251]
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA	United States	34.533 (2022)[13]	426,594 (2022)[14]
Manhattan, KS MSA	United States	8.457 (2022)[13]	133,072 (2022)[14]
Mankato, MN MSA	United States	6.831 (2022)[13]	104,072 (2022)[14]
Mansfield, OH MSA	United States	5.494 (2022)[13]	125,319 (2022)[14]
Mataram Metropolitan	Indonesia	5.491 (2021)[252]	3,808,908 (2021)[252]
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA	United States	27.685 (2022)[13]	888,367 (2022)[14]
Medan Metropolitan	Indonesia	28.248 (2021)[253]	4,075,000 (2021)[20]
Medellín	Colombia	35.000 (2023)[254]	4,225,000 (2023)[16]
Medford, OR MSA	United States	12.024 (2022)[13]	221,644 (2022)[14]
Melbourne	Australia	318.677 (2021)[45]	5,050,000 (2021)[20]
Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA	United States	96.183 (2022)[13]	1,332,305 (2022)[14]
Merced, CA MSA	United States	11.560 (2022)[13]	290,014 (2022)[14]
Métropole du Grand Nancy	France	24.59 (2021)[2]	427,697 (2021)[255]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur	France	47.361 (2021)[2]	1,101,039 (2021)[256]
Métropole Rouen Normandie	France	49.637 (2021)[2]	499,830 (2021)[257]
Metropolis of Lyon	France	116.412 (2021)[258]	1,990,000 (2021)[20]
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá	Colombia	121.800 (2023)[254]	10,200,000 (2023)[16]
Metropolitan City of Bari	Italy	30.011 (2020)[2]	1,223,102 (2023)[259]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari	Italy	12.645 (2020)[2]	419,553 (2023)[260]
Metropolitan City of Catania	Italy	22.017 (2020)[2]	1,068,482 (2023)[261]
Metropolitan City of Florence	Italy	39.496 (2020)[2]	1,010,000 (2020)[12]
Metropolitan City of Genoa	Italy	30.556 (2020)[2]	564,981 (2021)[262]
Metropolitan City of Messina	Italy	12.441 (2020)[2]	598,811 (2023)[263]
Metropolitan City of Palermo	Italy	25.53 (2020)[2]	647,160 (2021)[264]
Metropolitan Cork	Ireland	117.882 (2020)[2]	270,000 (2020)[265]
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA	United States	483.755 (2022)[13]	6,139,340 (2022)[14]
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA	United States	5.286 (2022)[13]	111,675 (2022)[14]
Midland, MI MSA	United States	7.047 (2022)[13]	83,674 (2022)[14]
Midland, TX MSA	United States	55.015 (2022)[13]	177,216 (2022)[14]
Milan metropolitan area	Italy	233.596 (2020)[2]	6,200,000 (2020)[12]
Milton Keynes	United Kingdom	19.972 (2022)[49][50]	292,176 (2022)[49]
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA	United States	120.563 (2022)[13]	1,559,792 (2022)[14]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA	United States	333.102 (2022)[13]	3,693,729 (2022)[14]
Minsk	Belarus	19.913 (2023)[266][39]	2,050,000 (2023)[16]
Missoula, MT MSA	United States	7.710 (2022)[13]	121,041 (2022)[14]
Mobile, AL MSA	United States	27.361 (2022)[13]	426,533 (2022)[14]
Modesto, CA MSA	United States	28.674 (2022)[13]	551,275 (2022)[14]
Monaco	Monaco	6.816 (2020)[267]	39,150 (2021)[268]
Moncton	Canada	6.031 (2020)[7]	159,177 (2020)[8]
Monroe, LA MSA	United States	9.650 (2022)[13]	202,869 (2022)[14]
Monroe, MI MSA	United States	7.119 (2022)[13]	155,609 (2022)[14]
Monterrey	Mexico	140 (2015)[269]	5,324,281 (2020)[270]
Montevideo	Uruguay	53.9 (2022)[271]	1,870,000 (2022)[24]
Montgomery, AL MSA	United States	22.080 (2022)[13]	385,460 (2022)[14]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole	France	45.031 (2021)[2]	487,519 (2021)[257]
Morgantown, WV MSA	United States	9.657 (2022)[13]	141,041 (2022)[14]
Morristown, TN MSA	United States	6.730 (2022)[13]	146,172 (2022)[14]
Moscow metropolitan area	Russia	504.808 (2022)[45]	17,400,000 (2022)[24]
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA	United States	8.773 (2022)[13]	131,179 (2022)[14]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération	France	27.213 (2021)[2]	356,125 (2021)[272]
Multan	Pakistan	12.000 (2022)[273]	2,225,000 (2022)[24]
Mumbai	India	293.8 (2023)[274]	26,600,000 (2023)[16]
Muncie, IN MSA	United States	5.102 (2022)[13]	112,031 (2022)[14]
Munich Metropolitan Region	Germany	384.582 (2020)[2]	2,250,000 (2020)[12]
Murcia metropolitan area	Spain	33.946 (2020)[2]	1,528,828 (2020)[275]
Muskegon, MI MSA	United States	7.408 (2022)[13]	176,565 (2022)[14]
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA	United States	25.132 (2022)[13]	536,165 (2022)[14]
Nagoya	Japan	379.301 (2021)[45]	10,500,000 (2021)[20]
Nagpur	India	19 (2021–22)[276]	3,325,000 (2021)[20]
Nairobi	Kenya	30 (2023)[277]	6,550,000 (2023)[16]
Namur metropolitan area	Belgium	12.559 (2021)[2]	319,355 (2021)[278]
Nanchang	China	83.300 (2020)[25][200]	3,875,000 (2020)[12]
Nanjing	China	251.000 (2022)[95]	7,519,814 (2020)[279]
Nanning	China	54.299 (2015)[280][281]	7,765,411 (2015)[282]
Nanping	China	29.104 (2020)[25][239]	2,680,645 (2020)[240]
Nantes	France	65.457 (2021)[2]	859,972 (2021)[283]
Napa, CA MSA	United States	13.166 (2022)[13]	134,300 (2022)[14]
Naples metropolitan area	Italy	64.296 (2020)[2]	4,225,000 (2020)[12]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA	United States	28.083 (2022)[13]	397,994 (2022)[14]
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA	United States	187.781 (2022)[13]	2,046,828 (2022)[14]
National Capital Region (Delhi)	India	521.5 (2023)[284]	33,400,000 (2023)[16]
Neubrandenburg	Germany	8.714 (2020)[2]	63,043 (2021)[285]
New Bern, NC MSA	United States	6.619 (2022)[13]	122,488 (2022)[286]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA	United States	61.456 (2022)[13]	869,527 (2022)[14]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA	United States	94.031 (2022)[13]	1,246,176 (2022)[14]
New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA	United States	2,504.721 (2022)[13]	19,563,798 (2022)[287]
Newcastle	Australia	11.554 (2018–19)[17]	492,805 (2018–19)[288]
Nicosia	Cyprus	28.407 (2021)[2]	350,824 (2021)[289]
Niigata	Japan	43.3 (2010)[290][217]	2,374,450 (2010)[291]
Niles, MI MSA	United States	9.030 (2022)[13]	152,900 (2022)[14]
Ningde	China	37.971 (2020)[25][239]	3,146,789 (2020)[240]
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA	United States	49.369 (2022)[13]	891,411 (2022)[14]
Northwest Metropolitan Region	Germany	115.73 (2020)[56]	2,797,706 (2020)[56]
Norwich-New London, CT MSA	United States	22.049 (2022)[13]	268,681 (2022)[14]
Nottingham	United Kingdom	15.639 (2022)[49][50]	328,519 (2022)[49]
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region	Germany	169.195 (2020)[56]	1,200,000 (2020)[12]
Nyingchi	China	2.774 (2020)[25][292]	238,936 (2020)[293]
Ocala, FL MSA	United States	14.033 (2022)[13]	396,415 (2022)[14]
Ocean City, NJ MSA	United States	6.533 (2022)[13]	95,634 (2022)[14]
Odense	Denmark	25.361 (2021)[2]	205,509 (2021)[294]
Odessa, TX MSA	United States	14.192 (2022)[13]	160,869 (2022)[14]
Offenburg	Germany	20.259 (2020)[2]	88,600 (2021)[295]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA	United States	39.168 (2022)[13]	713,839 (2022)[14]
Okayama	Japan	63.1 (2010)[168][217]	1,945,276 (2010)[296]
Oklahoma City, OK MSA	United States	94.742 (2022)[13]	1,459,380 (2022)[14]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA	United States	17.927 (2022)[13]	298,758 (2022)[14]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA	United States	85.021 (2022)[13]	976,671 (2022)[14]
Opole	Poland	8.559 (2020)[2]	146,522 (2021)
Orange	Australia	3.204 (2018–19)[17]	40,493 (2018)[145]
Ordos	China	51.232 (2020)[25][26]	2,153,638 (2020)[27]
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA	United States	194.472 (2022)[13]	2,764,182 (2022)[14]
Orléans	France	27.499 (2021)[2]	453,067 (2021)[297]
Oshawa	Canada	10.321 (2020)[7]	424,757 (2020)[8]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA	United States	12.398 (2022)[13]	170,718 (2022)[14]
Oslo	Norway	73.715 (2020)[298]	1,190,000 (2020)[12]
Osnabrück	Germany	23.005 (2020)[2]	272,674 (2021)[299]
Ostrava metropolitan area	Czech Republic	25.054 (2021)[2]	949,291 (2021)[300]
Ottawa–Gatineau	Canada	67.042 (2020)[7]	1,462,582 (2020)[8]
Owensboro, KY MSA	United States	6.742 (2022)[13]	121,348 (2022)[14]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA	United States	62.329 (2022)[13]	832,605 (2022)[14]
Padang Metropolitan	Indonesia	6.213 (2021)[301]	1,441,760 (2021)[301]
Paderborn	Germany	12.659 (2020)[2]	309,380 (2021)[302]
Padua–Treviso–Venice metropolitan area	Italy	34.796 (2020)[2]	2,748,420 (2020)[303]
Palembang Metropolitan	Indonesia	16.561 (2021)[304]	1,740,000 (2021)[20]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA	United States	34.626 (2022)[13]	630,693 (2022)[14]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area	Spain	24.507 (2020)[2]	422,587 (2020)[305]
Pamplona metropolitan area	Spain	21.636 (2020)[2]	359,435 (2020)[306]
Panama City, FL MSA	United States	11.683 (2022)[13]	185,134 (2022)[14]
Panjin	China	18.900 (2020)[25]	1,030,000 (2020)[12]
Panzhihua	China	15.090 (2020)[25][114]	1,212,203 (2020)[115]
Paris metropolitan area	France	934.168 (2022)[307][308][309][310]	11,400,000 (2022)[24]
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA	United States	4.354 (2022)[13]	88,431 (2022)[14]
Parma	Italy	19.202 (2020)[2]	450,854 (2023)[311]
Patna	India	30 (2022)[312]	2,800,000 (2022)[24]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan	Indonesia	25.279 (2021)[313]	1,250,000 (2021)[20]
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA	United States	27.080 (2022)[13]	523,146 (2022)[14]
Peoria, IL MSA	United States	26.282 (2022)[13]	396,466 (2022)[14]
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole	France	14.43 (2021)[2]	292,142 (2021)[314]
Perth	Australia	111.056 (2018–19)[17]	2,087,086 (2018–19)[315]
Perugia metropolitan area	Italy	18.509 (2020)[2]	637,598 (2023)[316]
Peterborough	United Kingdom	9.863 (2022)[49][50]	217,713 (2022)[49]
Peterborough, Ontario	Canada	3.657 (2020)[7]	131,665 (2020)[8]
Pforzheim	Germany	12.932 (2020)[2]	215,100 (2021)[317]
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA	United States	518.485 (2022)[13]	6,241,164 (2022)[14]
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA	United States	362.087 (2022)[13]	5,015,678 (2022)[14]
Pine Bluff, AR MSA	United States	4.122 (2022)[13]	84,629 (2022)[14]
Pittsburgh, PA MSA	United States	181.485 (2022)[13]	2,349,172 (2022)[14]
Pittsfield, MA MSA	United States	8.155 (2022)[13]	127,859 (2022)[14]
Ploiești	Romania	8.827 (2020)[2]	180,540 (2021)[63]
Plymouth	United Kingdom	9.762 (2022)[49][50]	266,860 (2022)[49]
Plzeň	Czech Republic	13.742 (2021)[2]	174,007 (2021)[318]
Pocatello, ID MSA	United States	4.229 (2022)[13]	97,585 (2022)[14]
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA	United States	24.146 (2022)[13]	520,710 (2022)[14]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA	United States	43.764 (2022)[13]	561,576 (2022)[14]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA	United States	204.319 (2022)[13]	2,509,489 (2022)[14]
Porto Alegre	Brazil	45.506 (2011)[30]	3,701,525 (2010)[319]
Porto metropolitan area	Portugal	40.868 (2021)[2]	1,550,000 (2021)[20]
Portsmouth	United Kingdom	10.323 (2022)[49][50]	208,414 (2022)[49]
Poznań metropolitan area	Poland	33.829 (2022)[2]	546,859 (2021)[320]
Prague metropolitan area	Czech Republic	130.085 (2022)[2]	1,470,000 (2022)[24]
Prato	Italy	8.564 (2020)[2]	195,213 (2023)[321]
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA	United States	6.111 (2017)[13]	236,209 (2020)[322]
Pretoria	South Africa	56.286 (2022)[80]	7,426,673 (2022)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA	United States	105.571 (2022)[13]	1,673,802 (2022)[14]
Provo-Orem, UT MSA	United States	40.761 (2022)[13]	715,001 (2022)[14]
Puebla	Mexico	31.102 (2019)[323]	3,903,485 (2020)[324]
Pueblo, CO MSA	United States	7.836 (2022)[13]	169,544 (2022)[14]
Pune	India	69 (2016)[325][326][327]	9,429,408 (2011)[328]
Punta Gorda, FL MSA	United States	7.714 (2022)[13]	202,661 (2022)[14]
Putian	China	38.333 (2020)[25][239]	1,380,000 (2020)[12]
Qingdao	China	222 (2022)[88][89][90]	7,050,000 (2022)[24]
Quanzhou	China	180 (2022)[88][89][90]	8,782,285 (2022)[329]
Quebec City	Canada	35.742 (2020)[7]	832,021 (2020)[8]
Quito	Ecuador	33.900 (2023)[330]	2,875,000 (2023)[16]
Quzhou	China	23.764 (2020)[25][331]	2,276,184 (2020)[332]
Racine, WI MSA	United States	9.909 (2022)[13]	195,846 (2022)[14]
Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA	United States	119.675 (2022)[13]	1,484,338 (2022)[14]
Rapid City, SD MSA	United States	8.459 (2022)[13]	145,159 (2022)[14]
Reading, PA MSA	United States	23.751 (2022)[13]	430,449 (2022)[14]
Recife	Brazil	22.81 (2014)[333]	3,741,898 (2010)[334]
Redding, CA MSA	United States	9.921 (2022)[13]	180,930 (2022)[14]
Regensburg	Germany	25.618 (2020)[2]	243,200 (2021)[335]
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area	Italy	21.133 (2020)[2]	525,366 (2023)[336]
Regina, Saskatchewan	Canada	13.02 (2020)[7]	263,236 (2020)[8]
Rennes Métropole	France	48.287 (2021)[2]	624,744 (2021)[337]
Reno, NV MSA	United States	40.095 (2022)[13]	500,915 (2022)[14]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region	Germany	197.259 (2020)[56]	3,250,000 (2020)[12]
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region	Germany	113.354 (2020)[56]	2,362,000 (2020)[56]
Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region	Germany	634.437 (2021)[56]	5,650,000 (2021)[20]
Richmond, VA MSA	United States	109.513 (2022)[13]	1,339,182 (2022)[14]
Riga metropolitan area	Latvia	25.207 (2021)[2]	663,012 (2021)[338]
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area	Brazil	195.095 (2021)[339]	13,300,000 (2021)[20]
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA	United States	237.913 (2022)[13]	4,667,558 (2022)[14]
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	243.793 (2022)[194]	8,800,000 (2022)[24]
Roanoke, VA MSA	United States	19.936 (2022)[13]	314,340 (2022)[14]
Rochester, MN MSA	United States	16.500 (2022)[13]	228,073 (2022)[14]
Rochester, NY MSA	United States	75.085 (2022)[13]	1,081,152 (2022)[14]
Rockford, IL MSA	United States	18.129 (2022)[13]	335,342 (2022)[14]
Rockhampton	Australia	5.342 (2018–19)[17]	78,592 (2018)[340]
Rocky Mount, NC MSA	United States	8.097 (2022)[13]	144,090 (2022)[14]
Rome metropolitan area	Italy	175.336 (2020)[2]	3,575,000 (2020)[12]
Rome, GA MSA	United States	4.947 (2022)[13]	99,443 (2022)[14]
Rostock	Germany	15.661 (2020)[2]	243,000 (2021)[341]
Rotterdam	Netherlands	112.578 (2021)[2]	1,876,165 (2020)[60]
Rzeszów	Poland	8.547 (2020)[2]	195,871 (2021)[342]
Saarbrücken	Germany	33.295 (2020)[2]	700,000 (2021)[343]
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA MSA	United States	176.276 (2022)[13]	2,416,702 (2022)[14]
Saginaw, MI MSA	United States	10.091 (2022)[13]	188,330 (2022)[14]
Saguenay, Quebec	Canada	6.345 (2020)[7]	163,335 (2020)[8]
Saint John, New Brunswick	Canada	4.747 (2020)[7]	131,935 (2020)[8]
Saint Petersburg	Russia	128.000 (2021)[344]	5,650,000 (2021)[20]
Saint-Étienne Métropole	France	26.675 (2021)[2]	425,495 (2021)[345]
Salem, OR MSA	United States	24.075 (2022)[13]	436,317 (2022)[14]
Salinas, CA MSA	United States	33.249 (2022)[13]	432,858 (2022)[14]
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA	United States	28.573 (2022)[13]	439,032 (2022)[14]
Salt Lake City, UT MSA	United States	135.409 (2022)[13]	1,266,191 (2022)[14]
Salvador	Brazil	17.98 (2016)[346][347]	3,600,000 (2020)[12]
Salzburg	Austria	23.287 (2020)[2]	157,245 (2020)[348]
San Angelo, TX MSA	United States	9.238 (2022)[13]	121,839 (2022)[14]
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA	United States	163.061 (2022)[13]	2,655,342 (2022)[14]
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA MSA	United States	295.645 (2022)[13]	3,276,208 (2022)[14]
San Jose-San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA	United States	1,383.000 (2022)[13]	9,007,337 (2022)[241]
San Juan	Puerto Rico	45.461 (2021)[349]	1,920,000 (2021)[20]
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA	United States	21.713 (2022)[13]	282,013 (2022)[14]
San Marino	San Marino	2.049 (2024)[181]	34,000 (2024)[181]
San Sebastián metropolitan area	Spain	24.897 (2020)[2]	428,187 (2020)[350]
Sanmenxia	China	21.033 (2020)[25]	2,034,872 (2020)[351]
Sanming	China	39.177 (2020)[25][239]	2,486,450 (2020)[240]
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area	Spain	19.575 (2020)[2]	434,083 (2020)[352]
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA	United States	19.176 (2022)[13]	264,370 (2022)[14]
Santa Fe, NM MSA	United States	8.797 (2022)[13]	155,664 (2022)[14]
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA	United States	36.081 (2022)[13]	443,837 (2022)[14]
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA	United States	36.877 (2022)[13]	482,650 (2022)[14]
Santander metropolitan area	Spain	14.665 (2020)[2]	256,025 (2020)[353]
Santiago Metropolitan Region	Chile	128.800 (2023)[354]	8,050,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de Cali	Colombia	22.100 (2023)[254]	2,925,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de los Caballeros	Dominican Republic	8.1 (2023)[355]	698,000 (2024)[356]
Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	37.5 (2023)[355]	4,175,000 (2023)[16]
Santos	Brazil	28.609 (2011)[30]	1,556,718 (2010)[357]
São José dos Campos	Brazil	30.148 (2011)[30]	1,419,657 (2010)[358]
São José dos Pinhais	Brazil	14.726 (2011)[30]	264,210 (2010)[359]
Sapporo	Japan	84.7 (2010)[168][217]	1,913,545 (2010)[360]
Saskatoon	Canada	15.059 (2020)[7]	336,850 (2020)[8]
Savannah, GA MSA	United States	29.452 (2022)[13]	418,373 (2022)[14]
Schweinfurt	Germany	12.847 (2020)[2]	100,500 (2021)[361]
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA	United States	32.328 (2022)[13]	567,998 (2022)[14]
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA	United States	517.803 (2022)[13]	4,034,248 (2022)[14]
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA	United States	9.573 (2022)[13]	167,352 (2022)[14]
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA	United States	3.215 (2022)[13]	105,618 (2022)[14]
Semarang Metropolitan	Indonesia	26.057 (2021)[362]	2,275,000 (2021)[20]
Sendai	Japan	50 (2015)[363]	1,082,159 (2015)[364]
Seoul Capital Area	South Korea	878.535 (2022)[110]	24,800,000 (2022)[24]
Seville metropolitan area	Spain	42.016 (2020)[2]	1,290,000 (2020)[12]
Shanghai	China	663.874 (2022)[95]	24,890,106 (2020)
Shantou	China	34.8 (2017)[365]	5,502,031 (2020)[366]
Shaoxing	China	86.999 (2020)[25][331]	5,270,977 (2020)[171]
Sheboygan, WI MSA	United States	8.087 (2022)[13]	117,841 (2022)[14]
Sheffield	United Kingdom	21.558 (2022)[49][50]	566,222 (2022)[49]
Shenyang	China	95.276 (2020)[25]	8,000,000 (2020)[12]
Sherbrooke	Canada	7.02 (2020)[7]	224,456 (2020)[8]
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA	United States	6.331 (2022)[13]	143,131 (2022)[14]
Shijiazhuang	China	81.252 (2018)[365]	11,235,086 (2020)[367]
Shizuishan	China	7.853 (2020)[25][368]	751,389 (2020)[369]
Shizuoka	Japan	45.8 (2010)[168][217]	3,765,007 (2010)[370]
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA	United States	27.363 (2022)[13]	385,154 (2022)[14]
Shuozhou	China	15.955 (2020)[25][371]	1,593,444 (2020)[372]
Siegen	Germany	16.336 (2020)[2]	101,516 (2021)[373]
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA	United States	5.698 (2022)[13]	125,663 (2022)[14]
Singapore	Singapore	530.708 (2024)[181]	5,938,000 (2024)[181]
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA	United States	10.918 (2022)[13]	149,240 (2022)[14]
Sioux Falls, SD MSA	United States	27.770 (2022)[13]	289,592 (2022)[14]
Sofia metropolitan area	Bulgaria	33.042 (2020)[2]	1,300,000 (2020)[12]
Sorocaba	Brazil	21.313 (2011)[30]	779,704 (2010)[374]
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA	United States	19.042 (2022)[13]	323,637 (2022)[14]
Southampton	United Kingdom	13.547 (2022)[49][50]	252,695 (2022)[49]
Spartanburg, SC MSA	United States	19.485 (2022)[13]	345,831 (2022)[14]
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA	United States	35.689 (2022)[13]	597,919 (2022)[14]
Springfield, IL MSA	United States	13.952 (2022)[13]	206,655 (2022)[14]
Springfield, MA MSA	United States	40.110 (2022)[13]	694,523 (2022)[14]
Springfield, MO MSA	United States	26.687 (2022)[13]	487,061 (2022)[14]
Springfield, OH MSA	United States	5.500 (2022)[13]	134,831 (2022)[14]
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls	Canada	12.979 (2020)[7]	437,080 (2020)[8]
St. Cloud, MN MSA	United States	12.943 (2022)[13]	201,868 (2022)[14]
St. George, UT MSA	United States	9.561 (2022)[13]	197,680 (2022)[14]
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador	Canada	9.628 (2020)[7]	213,919 (2020)[8]
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA	United States	6.873 (2022)[13]	119,690 (2022)[14]
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA	United States	209.936 (2022)[13]	2,801,319 (2022)[14]
State College, PA MSA	United States	10.325 (2022)[13]	158,425 (2022)[14]
Staunton, VA MSA	United States	6.332 (2022)[13]	126,776 (2022)[14]
Stockholm metropolitan area	Sweden	203.899 (2021)[69]	2,250,000 (2021)[20]
Stockton, CA MSA	United States	40.228 (2022)[13]	793,229 (2022)[14]
Stoke-on-Trent	United Kingdom	9.517 (2022)[49][50]	259,955 (2022)[49]
Strasbourg	France	49.09 (2021)[2]	1,150,899 (2021)[375]
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region	Germany	294.957 (2020)[56]	2,400,000 (2020)[12]
Sumter, SC MSA	United States	5.801 (2022)[13]	134,925 (2022)[14]
Sunderland	United Kingdom	10.124 (2022)[49][50]	277,352 (2022)[49]
Sunshine Coast	Australia	13.813 (2018–19)[17]	333,436 (2018)[376]
Surabaya Metropolitan	Indonesia	88.821 (2021)[377]	6,150,000 (2021)[20]
Surat	India	59.8 (2017)[378]	6,600,000 (2020)[12]
Swansea	United Kingdom	8.184 (2022)[49][50]	241,272 (2022)[49]
Sydney	Australia	398.037 (2021)[45]	5,400,000 (2021)[20]
Syracuse, NY MSA	United States	49.281 (2022)[13]	653,633 (2022)[14]
Szczecin metropolitan area	Poland	13.822 (2020)[379]	750,000 (2020)
Taichung	Taiwan	63.910 (2016)[380]	3,033,840 (2020)[381]
Tainan	Taiwan	37.038 (2016)[382]	1,875,076 (2020)[383]
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area	Taiwan	407.838 (2021)[45]	9,150,000 (2021)[20]
Taiyuan	China	60.215 (2020)[25][384]	4,125,000 (2020)[12]
Taizhou, Jiangsu	China	77.015 (2020)[25][184]	2,300,000 (2020)[12]
Taizhou, Zhejiang	China	76.300 (2020)[25][331]	6,622,888 (2020)[332]
Tallahassee, FL MSA	United States	22.394 (2022)[13]	390,992 (2022)[14]
Tallinn metropolitan area	Estonia	22.797 (2022)[385][39]	638,076 (2023)[386]
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA	United States	219.414 (2022)[13]	3,290,730 (2022)[14]
Tampere	Finland	23.987 (2020)[2]	241,009 (2020)[387]
Tangshan	China	132 (2022)[88][89][90]	2,600,000 (2022)[24]
Taoyuan	Taiwan	52.010 (2016)[388]	2,254,363 (2020)[183]
Taranto metropolitan area	Italy	11.518 (2020)[2]	555,999 (2023)[389]
Tbilisi	Georgia	8.0 (2017)[390]	1,184,818 (2020)[391]
Tel Aviv metropolitan area	Israel	310.00 (2022)[392][393]	2,775,000 (2022)[24]
Terre Haute, IN MSA	United States	9.774 (2022)[13]	184,875 (2022)[14]
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA	United States	6.746 (2022)[13]	146,408 (2022)[14]
The Hague	Netherlands	60.105 (2020)[2]	1,116,798 (2020)[60]
The Villages, FL MSA	United States	5.785 (2022)[13]	144,970 (2022)[14]
Thessaloniki	Greece	16.452 (2020)[2]	1,104,023 (2020)[394]
Thunder Bay	Canada	4.658 (2020)[7]	126,502 (2020)[8]
Tilburg	Netherlands	21.869 (2020)[2]	221,947 (2021)[395]
Timișoara metropolitan area	Romania	11.526 (2020)[2]	430,071 (2021)[396]
Tokelau	Tokelau	0.009 (2015–16)[397]	1,499 (2016)[398]
Toledo, OH MSA	United States	45.846 (2022)[13]	640,384 (2022)[14]
Toowoomba	Australia	7.118 (2018–19)[17]	136,861 (2018)[340]
Topeka, KS MSA	United States	14.388 (2022)[13]	231,783 (2022)[14]
Toulouse Métropole	France	65.456 (2020)[2]	1,040,000 (2020)[12]
Tours Métropole Val de Loire	France	23.795 (2021)[2]	392,030 (2021)[399]
Townsville	Australia	9.075 (2018–19)[17]	180,820 (2018)[400]
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA	United States	49.620 (2022)[13]	380,688 (2022)[14]
Trois-Rivières	Canada	5.134 (2020)[7]	163,374 (2020)[8]
Tucson, AZ MSA	United States	55.800 (2022)[13]	1,057,597 (2022)[14]
Tulsa, OK MSA	United States	61.966 (2022)[13]	1,034,123 (2022)[14]
Turin metropolitan area	Italy	78.268 (2020)[2]	1,640,000 (2020)[12]
Turku metropolitan area	Finland	21.939 (2020)[2]	346,662 (2020)
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA	United States	13.818 (2022)[13]	277,494 (2022)[14]
Twin Falls, Idaho	United States	5.878 (2021)[13]	116,645 (2021)[401]
Tyler, TX MSA	United States	14.729 (2022)[13]	241,922 (2022)[14]
Tyneside[note 1]	United Kingdom	32.182 (2022)[49][50]	864,453 (2022)[49]
Uberlandia	Brazil	14.728 (2011)[30]	604,013 (2010)[402]
Ulm	Germany	26.464 (2020)[2]	126,949 (2021)[403]
Uppsala	Sweden	19.237 (2020)[2]	388,394 (2020)[404]
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA	United States	74.422 (2022)[13]	995,638 (2022)[14]
Ürümqi	China	48.385 (2020)[25][86]	4,050,000 (2020)[12]
Utica-Rome, NY MSA	United States	15.115 (2022)[13]	288,668 (2022)[14]
Utrecht	Netherlands	88.005 (2020)[2]	1,356,430 (2020)[405]
Valdosta, GA MSA	United States	7.132 (2022)[13]	149,849 (2022)[14]
Valencia metropolitan area	Spain	64.435 (2020)[2]	2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Valladolid	Spain	15.309 (2020)[2]	371,861 (2020)[406]
Vallejo, CA MSA	United States	35.408 (2022)[13]	448,747 (2022)[14]
Valletta	Malta	17.72 (2021)[2]	480,134 (2020)[407]
Verona metropolitan area	Italy	34.169 (2020)[2]	915,975 (2020)[408]
Victoria, British Columbia	Canada	16.789 (2020)[7]	409,398 (2020)[8]
Victoria, TX MSA	United States	5.907 (2022)[13]	98,196 (2022)[14]
Vienna	Austria	165.968 (2022)[2]	2,250,000 (2022)[24]
Vigo metropolitan area	Spain	22.987 (2020)[2]	321,748 (2020)[409]
Vilnius urban area	Lithuania	30.915 (2022)[410][39]	868,341 (2022)[411]
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA	United States	7.831 (2022)[13]	151,356 (2022)[14]
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA	United States	116.686 (2022)[13]	1,806,840 (2022)[14]
Visalia, CA MSA	United States	22.794 (2022)[13]	477,544 (2022)[14]
Vishakhapatnam	India	43.5 (2017)[378]	2,200,000 (2020)[12]
Vitória	Brazil	28.357 (2011)[30]	1,582,418 (2010)[412]
Vitoria-Gasteiz	Spain	13.403 (2020)[2]	253,996 (2020)[413]
Waco, TX MSA	United States	16.276 (2022)[13]	283,885 (2022)[14]
Wagga Wagga	Australia	4.392 (2018–19)[17]	56,442 (2018)[145]
Walla Walla, WA MSA	United States	4.134 (2022)[13]	61,890 (2022)[14]
Warner Robins, GA MSA	United States	9.812 (2022)[13]	198,193 (2022)[14]
Warsaw metropolitan area	Poland	135.343 (2022)[69]	3,269,510 (2023)[414]
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA	United States	660.626 (2022)[13]	6,373,756 (2022)[14]
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA	United States	11.824 (2022)[13]	167,889 (2022)[14]
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA	United States	7.598 (2022)[13]	116,637 (2022)[14]
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA	United States	12.065 (2022)[13]	166,334 (2022)[14]
Weihai	China	43.753 (2020)[25][117]	1,200,000 (2020)[12]
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA	United States	7.446 (2022)[13]	114,235 (2022)[14]
Wellington	New Zealand	26.607 (2022)[415]	440,900 (2022)[74]
Wenatchee, WA MSA	United States	8.355 (2022)[13]	124,118 (2022)[14]
Wenzhou	China	119.2 (2022)[416]	5,050,000 (2022)[24]
Wetzlar	Germany	9.957 (2020)[2]	278,200 (2021)[417]
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA	United States	12.603 (2022)[13]	136,708 (2022)[14]
Wichita Falls, TX MSA	United States	7.590 (2022)[13]	149,299 (2022)[14]
Wichita, KS MSA	United States	43.935 (2022)[13]	650,039 (2022)[14]
Williamsport, PA MSA	United States	7.040 (2022)[13]	113,104 (2022)[14]
Wilmington, NC MSA	United States	20.127 (2022)[13]	300,658 (2022)[14]
Winchester, VA-WV MSA	United States	9.181 (2022)[13]	146,455 (2022)[14]
Windsor, Ontario	Canada	12.243 (2020)[7]	353,572 (2020)[8]
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region	Canada	33.557 (2020)[7]	850,558 (2020)[8]
Winston-Salem, NC MSA	United States	40.940 (2022)[13]	688,471 (2022)[14]
Wollongong	Australia	5.624 (2018–19)[17]	300,332 (2018–19)[418]
Worcester, MA-CT MSA	United States	60.343 (2022)[13]	980,137 (2022)[14]
Wrocław metropolitan area	Poland	17.387 (2020)[2]	672,929 (2021)[419]
Wuhai	China	8.165 (2020)[25][26]	556,621 (2020)[27]
Wuhan	China	281.000 (2022)[95]	10,800,000 (2022)[24]
Wuhu	China	54.412 (2020)[25]	1,480,000 (2020)[12]
Xi'an	China	171 (2022)[88][89][90]	11,600,000 (2022)[24]
Xiamen	China	92.557 (2020)[25][239]	10,000,000 (2020)[12]
Xiangtan	China	33.971 (2020)[25]	1,400,000 (2020)[12]
Xiangyang	China	66.720 (2020)[25][123]	1,880,000 (2020)[12]
Xilingol League	China	12.176 (2020)[25][26]	1,107,075 (2020)[27]
Xinyu	China	14.517 (2020)[25][200]	1,202,499 (2020)[201]
Xuchang	China	50.008 (2020)[25]	4,379,998 (2020)[420]
Xuzhou	China	126 (2022)[88][89][90]	3,050,000 (2022)[24]
Yakima, WA MSA	United States	13.038 (2022)[13]	257,001 (2022)[14]
Yan'an	China	23.219 (2020)[25]	2,282,581 (2020)[421]
Yancheng	China	86.314 (2020)[25][184]	1,420,000 (2020)[12]
Yangzhou	China	87.690 (2020)[25][184]	1,950,000 (2020)[12]
Yantai	China	142 (2022)[88][89][90]	2,450,000 (2022)[24]
Yerevan	Armenia	5.23 (2018)[422]	1,500,000 (2020)[12]
Yichang	China	61.783 (2020)[25][123]	1,380,000 (2020)[12]
Yingtan	China	14.290 (2020)[25][200]	1,154,223 (2020)[201]
York	United Kingdom	10.291 (2022)[49][50]	204,541 (2022)[49]
York-Hanover, PA MSA	United States	25.187 (2022)[13]	461,058 (2022)[14]
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA	United States	24.990 (2022)[13]	535,499 (2022)[14]
Yuba City, CA MSA	United States	8.608 (2022)[13]	182,813 (2022)[14]
Yueyang	China	58.015 (2020)[25]	1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Yulin, Shaanxi	China	59.293 (2020)[25]	3,624,750 (2020)[423]
Yuma, AZ MSA	United States	9.883 (2022)[13]	207,842 (2022)[14]
Yuxi	China	29.840 (2020)[25][219]	2,249,502 (2020)[424]
Zagreb metropolitan area	Croatia	29.63 (2021)[2]	1,189,279 (2021)[425]
Zaragoza metropolitan area	Spain	29.702 (2020)[2]	681,877 (2020)[426]
Zhangzhou	China	65.903 (2020)[25][239]	5,054,328 (2020)[240]
Zhengzhou	China	192 (2022)[88][89][90]	8,950,000 (2022)[24]
Zhenjiang	China	61.182 (2020)[25][184]	1,150,000 (2020)[12]
Zhuzhou	China	45.029 (2020)[25]	1,330,000 (2020)[12]
Zibo	China	53.260 (2020)[25][117]	3,525,000 (2020)[12]
Zürich Metropolitan Area	Switzerland	158.913 (2020)[136]	1,430,000 (2020)[12]
Zwolle	Netherlands	17.936 (2020)[2]	129,840 (2021)[427]

Cities (metropolitan areas) by percentage of national GDP

This table contains only the first metropolitan area from a given country by GDP. Data for metropolitan areas is as in the previous section of this article. Data for countries is from List of countries by GDP (nominal) (IMF). Luxembourg City-Trier is partially in France but only Luxembourg's national GDP is considered.

Metropolitan area	GDP (billion USD)	Country	National GDP (billion USD)	% of national GDP
City of San Marino	1.54	San Marino	1.70	90.872
Luxembourg City-Trier	69.45	Luxembourg	86.90	79.925
Montevideo	49.70	Uruguay	64.28	77.314
Karachi	75.00	Pakistan	340.64	22.304[428]
Seoul	926.79	South Korea	1804.68	51.355
Riga	20.00	Latvia	40.27	49.670
Taipei	407.84	Taiwan	841.21	48.482
Bangkok	252.13	Thailand	522.01	48.299
Lima	176.45	Peru	372.69	47.344
Manila	192.60	Philippines	411.98	46.750
Lisbon	110.00	Portugal	251.92	43.666
Athens	93.70	Greece	222.77	42.061
Tokyo	2055.70	Japan	4912.15	41.849
Dhaka	253.30	Bangladesh	396.54	40.349
Tallinn	15.00	Estonia	37.20	40.320
Tbilisi	8.00	Georgia	20.89	38.298
Yerevan	5.23	Armenia	14.05	37.232
Minsk	22.00	Belarus	59.39	37.041
Abidjan	27.00	Ivory Coast	73.05	36.963
Tel Aviv	188.42	Israel	520.70	36.186
Istanbul	247.31	Turkey	692.38	35.719
Copenhagen	134.40	Denmark	399.10	33.676
Paris	934.17	France	3448.58	27.088
Auckland	79.66	New Zealand	257.21	30.971
Helsinki	90.80	Finland	297.62	30.509
Kabul	6.00	Afghanistan	20.14	29.797
Budapest	58.50	Hungary	197.81	29.573
London	978.40	United Kingdom	3376.00	28.981
Moscow	504.81	Russia	1829.05	27.599
Stockholm	170.00	Sweden	621.24	27.365
Belgrade	17.40	Serbia	65.04	26.754
Sofia	22.40	Bulgaria	89.53	25.019
Abu Dhabi	119.00	United Arab Emirates	501.35	23.736
Jakarta	304.20	Indonesia	1289.30	23.594
Vienna	112.00	Austria	479.82	23.342
Dublin	118.72	Ireland	516.15	23.001
Sydney	398.04	Australia	1748.33	22.767
Bucharest	63.43	Romania	286.51	22.139
Amsterdam-Rotterdam	223.00	Netherlands	1013.60	22.001
Prague	64.00	Czech Republic	296.24	21.604
Toronto	452.49	Canada	2221.22	20.371
Madrid	280.94	Spain	1435.56	19.570
Mexico City	250.46	Mexico	1322.74	18.935
Almaty	36.00	Kazakhstan	193.61	18.594
Johannesburg	76.00	South Africa	426.17	17.833
Brussels	99.00	Belgium	609.89	16.233
Milan	329.53	Italy	2058.33	16.010
Ho Chi Minh City	61.70	Vietnam	408.95	15.088
Buenos Aires	84.70	Argentina	564.28	15.010
Rhine-Ruhr	636.45	Germany	4256.54	14.952
Lagos	74.67	Nigeria	510.59	14.624
Kaunas	10.00	Lithuania	69.78	14.330
Warsaw	100.00	Poland	699.56	14.295
São Paulo	261.64	Brazil	1833.27	14.272
Kuala Lumpur	59.83	Malaysia	439.37	13.617
Dar es Salaam	10.40	Tanzania	77.51	13.418
Oslo	71.68	Norway	541.94	13.227
Kyiv	25.70	Ukraine	198.32	12.959
Nairobi	14.80	Kenya	114.68	12.906
Mumbai	277.98	India	3534.74	7.864
New York	1874.40	United States	25346.81	7.395
Shanghai	680.00	China	19911.59	3.415

Cities by wealth

World's 15 richest cities in 2017^[429]

City	Wealth	Country
New York City	$3 trillion	United States
London	$2.7 trillion	United Kingdom
Tokyo	$2.5 trillion	Japan
San Francisco	$2.3 trillion	United States
Beijing	$2.2 trillion	China
Shanghai	$2 trillion	China
Los Angeles	$1.4 trillion	United States
Hong Kong	$1.3 trillion	Hong Kong
Sydney	$1 trillion	Australia
Singapore	$1 trillion	Singapore
Chicago	$0.98 trillion	United States
Mumbai	$0.94 trillion	India
Toronto	$0.94 trillion	Canada
Frankfurt	$0.91 trillion	Germany
Paris	$0.86 trillion	France

See also

• List of metropolitan areas by GDP over US$100 billion
• List of cheapest cities
• List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP
• List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP
• List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees
• Largest country subdivisions by GDP
• Cities portal

Notes

1. Tyneside includes Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside.

References

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