Economy of Glasgow

Economy of Glasgow

A view towards the city centre of Glasgow, home to some of Scotland's largest industries and employers
Currency	Pound Sterling (£)
Trade organisations	Core Cities Group
Country group	Scotland Economy of Scotland
Statistics
Population	635,000 (City, 2021) 1.85million (Urban, 2021)[1]
GDP	£25.8 billion[2]
GDP per capita	£36,458 $47,282[3]
Labour force	327,200 / 74.4% in employment (Jan 2023-Dec 2023)[a][4]
Labour force by occupation	List 30.1% Professional Occupations 19.7% Associate Professional Occupations 10.4% Skilled Trades Occupations 7.8% Caring, Leisure And Other Service Occupations 6.3% Sales And Customer Service Occs 5.6% Administrative & Secretarial Occupations 3.4% Managers, Directors And Senior Officials (Jan–Dec 2023)[b][5]
Unemployment	16,800 / 5.1% (Jan 2023-Dec 2023)[c][6]

The city of Glasgow in the central belt of Scotland, encompasses the largest municipal and regional economy in Scotland. It is recognised as the largest contributor to the Scottish economy, and is the largest integrated economic region in Scotland and produces around a third of Scotland's output, business base, research power and employment. By Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures, Glasgow City is the second highest amongst Scottish areas, behind, Edinburgh, and ahead of Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire.^[7] In 2021, Glasgow's GDP was estimated at just under 25.8 billion pounds,^[8] with an estimated £48billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2021.^[9]

Together with the countries capital city, Edinburgh and is associated economy, the central belt of Scotland is one of the 20 largest urban regions in Europe.^[10] Based on Gross Value Added (GVA) and GVA per head figures in 2015, Glasgow's economy was the fifth largest amongst the cities of the United Kingdom.^[11][12]

Economic profile

Employee Jobs By Industry

As of 2022, the largest industries in Glasgow consist of the following sectors:^[13]

Employee Jobs By Industry in Glasgow

Industry	Glasgow City (Employee Jobs)	Glasgow City (%)
Human Health And Social Work Activities	63,000	14.6
Administrative And Support Service Activities	59,000	13.7
Wholesale And Retail Trade; Repair Of Motor Vehicles And Motorcycles	45,000	10.4
Professional, Scientific And Technical Activities	40,000	9.3
Education	39,000	9.0
Accommodation And Food Service Activities	32,000	7.4
Information And Communication	23,000	5.3
Financial And Insurance Activities	19,000	4.4
Construction	18,000	4.2
Manufacturing	18,000	4.2
Transportation And Storage	12,000	2.8
Arts, Entertainment And Recreation	11,000	2.6

Total Employee Jobs

Caption text

Job Type	Glasgow City (Employee Jobs)	Glasgow City (%)
Full-time	298,000	69.1
Part-time	133,000	30.9
–	431,000	–

Workforce skills and education

Caption text

SVQ Level Qualification or alternative education	%
None	10.75%
Level 1	6.87%
Level 2	11.6%
Level 3	13.49%
Level 4	47.69%
Other	6.7%
Apprenticeship	2.89%

Economic overview

History

Manufacturing

Vessels such as the RMS Queen Mary are largely regarded as a sign of Glaswegian powerhouse shipbuilding industry.

Glasgow was once one of the most significant cities in the UK for manufacturing, which generated a great deal of the city's wealth; the most prominent industry being shipbuilding based on the River Clyde.^[14] Among the historic vessels constructed there were the famed tea clipper Cutty Sark, the Royal Navy battlecruiser HMS Hood, and the transatlantic luxury liners Aquitania, RMS Queen Mary, RMS Queen Elizabeth, and RMS Queen Elizabeth II.

Although Glasgow owed much of its economic growth to the shipbuilding industry, which still continues today in the form of Ferguson Marine and BAE Systems Maritime - Naval Ships' two shipyards, the city has its roots in the tobacco trade and is noted to have "risen from its medieval slumber" from trade in tobacco, pioneered by figures such as John Glassford.^[15] The city was also noted for its locomotive construction industry – led by firms such as the North British Locomotive Company – which grew during the 19th century before entering a decline in the 1960s.

Tertiary

Clyde Space spacecraft manufacturers based in Glasgow

Whilst manufacturing has declined, Glasgow's economy has seen significant relative growth of tertiary sector industries such as financial and business services (centred around the International Financial Services District on the Broomielaw, once a stretch of riverside warehouses replaced by modern office blocks), communications, biosciences, creative industries, healthcare, higher education, retail and tourism.^[16] Glasgow is now the second most popular foreign tourist destination in Scotland (fifth in the UK)^[17] and offers Scotland's largest retail centre.

Modern industry

Financial

Scottish Government offices at 5 Atlantic Quay in the financial centre of the city

Between 1998 and 2001, the city's financial services sector grew at a rate of 30%, making considerable gains on Edinburgh, which has historically been the centre of the Scottish financial sector.^[18][19] Glasgow is now one of Europe's sixteen largest financial centres,^[20] with a growing number of Blue chip financial sector companies establishing significant operations or headquarters in the city.^[21]

Offices

The 1990s and first decade of the 21st century saw substantial growth in the number of call centres based in Glasgow. In 2007 roughly 20,000 people, a third of all call centre employees in Scotland, were employed by Glasgow call centres.^[22] This growth and its high use of recruitment agencies to hire graduates as temporary workers has led to accusations of exploitative practices such as long hours, poor pay and lack of job security by the TUC and other union bodies.^[23]

Modern industries

The city's main manufacturing industries include companies involved in; shipbuilding, engineering, construction, brewing and distilling, printing and publishing, chemicals and textiles as well as newer growth sectors such as optoelectronics, software development and biotechnology.^[24] Glasgow forms the western part of the Silicon Glen high tech sector of Scotland with consumer electronics companies such as RHA Technologies headquartered.

International Financial Services District

The International Financial Services District alongside the River Clyde

Main article: International Financial Services District

To the western edge of the city centre, occupying the areas of Blythswood Hill and Anderston, lies Glasgow's financial district, known officially as the International Financial Services District (IFSD), although often irreverently nicknamed by the contemporary press as the "square kilometre" or "Wall Street on Clyde".^[25] Since the late 1980s the construction of many modern office blocks and high rise developments have paved the way for the IFSD to become one of the UK's largest financial quarters. With a reputation as an established financial services centre, coupled with comprehensive support services, Glasgow continues to attract and grow new business.

Of the 10 largest general insurance companies in the UK, 8 have a base or head office in Glasgow – including Direct Line, Esure, AXA and Norwich Union. Key banking sector companies have also moved some of their services to commercial property in Glasgow – Resolution, JPMorgan Chase, Barclays Wealth, Tesco Personal Finance, Morgan Stanley, Lloyds Banking Group, Clydesdale Bank, BNP Paribas, HSBC, Santander and the Royal Bank of Scotland. The Ministry of Defence have several departments and Clydeport, the Glasgow Stock Exchange, Student Loans Company, Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department, BT Group, Scottish Friendly. Scottish Qualifications Authority and Scottish Enterprise also have their headquarters in the district. Royal Dutch Shell also have one of their six worldwide Shared Business Centres located in the IFSD. Hilton has a corporate office based in the area.^[26]

See also

• Economy of Scotland
• Economy of Edinburgh
• Economy of Aberdeen

Notes

1. In employment and aged 16 or over (quantity) or aged 16–64 (percent)
2. Percent is a proportion of all persons in employment aged 16 and over
3. Unemployed aged 16 and over. Percent is a proportion of economically active.

References

1. "Glasgow Economy | Prosperus UK Cities | Invest Glasgow". www.investglasgow.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
2. "Scotland GDP by region 2022". Statista. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
3. "Metroverse | Harvard Growth Lab". metroverse.cid.harvard.edu. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
4. "Labour Market Profile - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
5. "Labour Market Profile - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
6. "Labour Market Profile - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
7. "Scotland GDP by region 2022". Statista. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
8. "Scotland GDP by region 2022". Statista. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
9. "Glasgow Economy | Prosperus UK Cities | Invest Glasgow". www.investglasgow.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
10. "Glasgow Economy | Prosperus UK Cities | Invest Glasgow". www.investglasgow.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
11. "ONS Regional GVA - December 2016". Retrieved 10 June 2017.
12. "Subregional Productivity - January 2017". Retrieved 10 June 2017.
13. "Labour Market Profile - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics". www.nomisweb.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
14. "The Second City". Glasgow.gov.uk. 18 January 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
15. "16th and 17th Centuries". Glasgow.gov.uk. 28 March 2007. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
16. [1]^{[permanent dead link‍]}
17. "Inbound tourism performance". VisitBritain. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
18. "Glasgow's financial services economy". International Financial Services District Glasgow. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
19. "Edinburgh's Ranking". Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
20. "The Global Financial Centres Index – Sept 2008" (PDF). City of London Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
21. "Financial services jobs for Glasgow". The Scottish Government. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
22. BBC Scotland "Call centres 'enjoying boom time'". BBC. 10 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
23. Hilpern, Kate (20 May 2001). "Slavery abolished in call centres". London: The Independent Newspaper. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2001.
24. "Growth Sectors in Scotland | Scotland is Now". Scotland. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
25. "Let Glasgow flourish". Scotland: the official online gateway. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2008.
26. "Hilton Group, Glasgow – MLA". michaellaird.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2024.