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Sosiobiologi

Bagian dari seri Biologi mengenai
Evolusi
Pengenalan
Mekanisme dan Proses

Adaptasi
Hanyutan genetika
Aliran gen
Mutasi
Seleksi alam
Spesiasi

Riset dan sejarah

Bukti
Sejarah evolusi kehidupan
Sejarah
Sintesis modern
Efek sosial
Teori dan fakta
Keberatan / Kontroversi

Bidang

Kladistika
Genetika ekologi
Perkembangan evolusioner
Evolusi manusia
Evolusi molekuler
Filogenetika
Genetika populasi

Portal Biologi ·


Sosiobiologi adalah bidang keilmuan yang didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa perilaku sosial merupakan hasil evolusi dan mencoba menjelaskan perilaku sosial dalam konteks tersebut. Bidang ini sering kali dianggap sebagai cabang biologi dan sosiologi, serta terkait dengan etologi, antropologi, evolusi, zoologi, genetika populasi, dan bidang lainnya. Dalam penelitian masyarakat manusia, sosiobiologi terkait erat dengan antropologi Darwin, ekologi perilaku manusia, dan psikologi evolusioner.

Sosiobiologi mempelajari perilaku sosial, seperti pola kawin, persaingan teritori, perburuan dalam kelompok, dan serangga sosial. Menurut bidang ini, seleksi alam menghasilkan perilaku sosial yang menguntungkan.

Meskipun istilah ini sudah ada semenjak tahun 1940-an, konsep sosiobiologi baru dikenal luas setelah dipopulerkan oleh buku Edward O. Wilson pada tahun 1975 yang berjudul Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Bidang ini dengan cepat memicu kontroversi. Kritik yang terutama dikemukakan oleh Richard Lewontin dan Stephen Jay Gould menyerang gagasan bahwa gen memainkan peran pokok dalam menentukan perilaku manusia dan bahwa perilaku seperti agresivitas dapat dijelaskan melalui biologi daripada lingkungan sosial. Biasanya ahli sosiobiologi menanggapi dengan menyebutkan hubungan yang kompleks antara alam dan pemeliharaan.

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