A trio of attempts to free Acre from Bolivia. Each attempt was defeated, but part of Acre was turned over to Brazilian control after the final attempt.
Relations between کوسٹاریکا and نکاراگوا have traditionally been strained. This situation was not improved when the Costa Rican government granted land rights to settlers along the San Juan River, which forms part of the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A dispute ended with Costa Rica acknowledging that the territory in fact belonged to Nicaragua, and promising to remove the settlers. The settlers, however, refused to leave. In June 1993, they declared their independence as the Republic of Airrecú, which means "friendship" in a local Indian language. The Nicaraguan Army immediately descended upon the area and escorted the Republic into Costa Rica.
Secessionist republic declared January 11, 1861 when Alabama seceded from the United States. It only lasted a month before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America.
Set up by a French adventurer who tried to gain legitimacy for his state only to be denied. The self-proclaimed kingdom was mostly a legal fiction and did only loosely controlled a small portion of the territory of it claimed. In fact the نقشے warlords that submitted to it were totally autonomous, and used the kingdom only as pretext to obtain foreign support. It was conquered and partitioned by Chile and Argentina.
The filibuster William Walker took control of La Paz, the capital of the sparsely populated Baja California, and 200 more men joined him. Walker declared La Paz the capital of a new Republic of Baja California, with himself as president and a constitution copied from that of لوویزیانا. Although he never gained control of سونورا, less than three months later, he pronounced Baja California part of the larger Republic of Sonora.
Formed during an Anglo-American revolt in Mexican California during the Mexican-American War. This "state" never actually possessed a high level of organization, and was only in existence for a matter of weeks before the rebels deferred to the US government and American troops.
Secessionist state established January 10, 1861, when Florida seceded from the United States. Only lasted a month before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America.
The United Provinces of Central America were riven by strife for much of their existence. گواتیمالا’s ruling class was appalled by the thought of an illiterate and brutish peasant Governor Rafael Carrera, and led the six western provinces into secession. The new state of Los Altos, under Liberal leadership, appealed for recognition to the UPCA. In January of 1840, Carrera reconquered Los Altos, and then defeated the UPCA’s army in March, sounding the death knell for the United Provinces. Los Altos rebelled again when Carrera declared گواتیمالا an independent republic in 1847, but was again rapidly crushed.
Secessionist state formed on January 11, 1861 when Louisiana seceded from the United States. It only lasted two and a half weeks before joining the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861.
Secessionist state established January 9, 1861 when Mississippi seceded from the United States. It only lasted a month before joining the Confederate States of America
Secessionist state established on December 20, 1860 when South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States. It lasted a month and a half before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America
Haiti declared its independence in 1804 under Jean Jacques Dessalines. That same year, Dessalines declared himself Emperor. After his assassination in 1806, Haiti was divided between the Republic of ہیٹی in the south and the Kingdom of ہیٹی, under Henry Christophe, in the north. The situation was further complicated by the secession of South Haiti in the southwest corner of the country under André Rigaud in 1810. His own republic contained the former Maroon enclave of La Grande'Anse under Goman, who was allied with King Henry. A few months after Rigaud seized power, he died, and South Haiti rejoined the Republic. In 1820, Henry Christophe committed suicide. ہیٹی was reunited soon afterwards.
اب حصہ Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Peru
The Peru–Bolivian Confederation (or Confederacy) was a confederate state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. Its first and only head of state, titled "Supreme Protector", was the Bolivian president, Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz. The confederation was a loose union between the states of پیرو (by this time divided into a Republic of North Peru and a Republic of South Peru, which included the capital تاکنا) and بولیویا.
Texas seceded from the United States on February 1, 1861 and lasted as an independent state for a month before joining the Confederate States of America.
Not to be confused with the earlier (1836–1845), partially recognized جمہویہ ٹیکساس.
American James Harden-Hickey divorced his wife in 1893 (1894?) and announced his intention to move to India and take up a life of Hindu asceticism. On the trip there, a storm forced his ship aground on the island of Trinidad (no relation to the Caribbean Trinidad) in the South Atlantic. Seeing that the island was uninhabited, Harden-Hickey declared himself Prince James I of Trinidad and advertised for settlers in the London Times. The following year, the برطانیہ annexed the island in order to anchor a transatlantic telegraph cable. Prince James was encouraged, hoping that the cable would bring the attention he needed to start his reign. However, the plan was scrapped and برازیل annexed the island again in 1897.
A state from 1841 to 1848, it was proclaimed after the Mexican government tried to centralize and tried to join the US during the Mexican-American War it was rejected and joined a federal Mexico after the war ended. A revolt in یوکتان in 1916, led by Felipe Cerillo but with active Mayan involvement, effectively separated the region from the weak Mexican state. On 3 April 1916 Carillo declared the independence of the Socialist Republic of Yucatan, but the Republic failed to garner much support, and was quickly overrun by Mexican forces.[39][40]
Following the defeat in Zamboanga City by the فلپائن on September 28, 2013, the مورو قومی محاذ آزادی no longer controls any territory openly anywhere and the Bangsamoro Republic has ceased to exist.
Territory made up of two former exclaves of the دمن ضلع، بھارت (پرتگیزی ہند). In 1954, it was invaded and occupied by supporters of their integration in the Indian Union. Thereafter and until formal annexation by India in 1961, it enjoyed a de facto independence. Portugal continued to consider Dadra and Nagar Haveli as Portuguese territory until 1974. The native citizens of the territory continued to be entitled to the grant of Portuguese citizenship until 2006.
Former پرتگیزی سلطنت of پرتگال. Declaration of independence in November 28, 1975, recognized by six states (Albania, Cape Verde, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe). Invaded and annexed by Indonesia in December, 1975. اقوام متحدہ, Portugal and most of the states didn't recognized Indonesian annexation and continued to consider East Timor as Portuguese territory until its definitive independence in 2002.
In 1976, as a result of the ongoing civil war, the Lebanese army began to break up. Major Saad Haddad, commanding an army battalion in the south which had been part of the Army of Free Lebanon, broke away and founded a group known as the Free Lebanon Army (FLA). The FLA fought against various groups including the تنظیم آزادی فلسطین (PLO), the Amal Movement and (after the جنگ لبنان 1982) the emerging حزب اللہ. The جنوبی لبنان تنازعہ 1978ء allowed the Free Lebanon Army to gain control over a much wider area in southern Lebanon. On April 18, 1979 Haddad proclaimed the area controlled by his force "Independent State of Free Lebanon" (Dawlet Lebnaan El Horr El Mest’ell) with the capital بیروت, though his actual headquarters were in Marjayoun. In May 1980, " Free Lebanon Army" was renamed "South Lebanon Army". The statehood claim was downplayed following the death of Haddad in 1984, though his successor Antouan Lahed continued to exercise some authority in Southern Lebanon until the year 2000. On 24 May 2000, following Israeli withdrawal and final collapse of the SLA, Lebanese forces occupied the small town Marjayoun, which was the "capital" of southern Lebanon.
During the دوسری جنگ عظیم when the Japanese support in اندرونی منگولیا was established puppet state Mengjiang. Once in August 1945 it was destroyed by Soviet and Mongolian troops, September 9, 1945 in Sunid Yutsi - held Congress of People's Representatives and aimags khoshuns Inner Mongolia. Held three days of the Congress proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of Inner Mongolia and elected interim government. In November the Chinese Communist Party managed to bring the situation under control, and reorganized the Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Inner Mongolia in Mongolian Autonomous Government.
Formed following the Fuijian Incident, when the formerly 19th Route Army of the قومی انقلابی فوج broke with commander چیانگ کائی شیک and declared a new government. Although originally enjoying popular support the government lost favour and was crushed by Kuomintang forces in 1934.
One of Britain's numerous client rulers in central India, the Prince of Hyderabad, being Muslim, refused to acknowledge the new Indian government following independence in 1947. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad and rapidly forced its capitulation in 1948.
Kalat was a نوابی ریاست in بلوچستان ایجنسی, the one of the agencies of برطانوی ہند کے صوبے اور علاقے. The Khan of Baluchistan declared his nation's independence on August 15, 1947, one day after بھارت and پاکستان declared independence. From 15 August 1947 to 27 March 1948, the region was de facto independent before acceding to Pakistan on 27 March 1948. After intense diplomatic pressure, the Khan relented and acceeded Baluchistan to Pakistan in 1948.
Declared independence from Iran, but then occupied by Iran after the withdraw of the Soviet سرخ فوج from northern Iran and Demolishing of Azerbaijan People's Government.
Was an anti-Soviet Armenian state existed from 26 April until 13 July 1921, roughly corresponding with the territory that is now the present-day آرمینیاn provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and some parts of the present-day جمہوریہ نگورنو کاراباخ.[43]
Declared independence and aligned itself with the First Philippine Republic. Later, it was recognized by the United States, however the government was dissolved by the Americans in 1901.
Existed as an unrecognized independent state from its declaration on June 12, 1898, up to the Treaty of Paris on December 10, by which Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, and pursued an unsuccessful war of independence against the United States in the فلپائن پر امریکی قبضہ
The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines or known in the Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation.
Charles David Mayréna was born in فرانس in 1842, he stopped in ویتنام 1884 and started a plantation. In 1888, the King of Siam began claiming territory west of French territory. Anxious, the Governor of the Indochinese Union agreed to Mayréna's proposed expedition to the interior. When Mayréna reached the central highlands, he organized the local tribes into the Kingdom of Sedang, and declared himself King Marie I. He offered to cede his kingdom to France in exchange for monopoly rights. When the French government became understandably chilly, Mayréna approached the English at ہانگ کانگ. When he was rebuffed there, Mayréna went to Belgium. In 1889, a Belgian financier named Somsy offered arms and money to Mayréna in exchange for mineral rights. Unfortunately, the French Navy blockaded Vietnamese ports to prevent his return, and his arms were seized as contraband at سنگاپور.
the Moluccas formed part of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949- 17 August 1950), but declared independence in April 1950 in reaction of centralizing tendencies from Jakarta. It was quickly conquered by Indonesian troops, but maintains a government in exile in the Netherlands.
Attempt by Tuvans to gain independence following years of domination by China and Imperial Russia it was put under Soviet control and later formally annexed.
In 1913, تیرہواں دلائی لاما of Tibet proclaimed independence from چنگ خاندان,[44] which was only recognized by منگولیا[45][46] (however, there have been doubts over the authority of the Tibetan representative to sign the treaty, and thus its validity).[47] One year later the Dalai Lama signed a UK-drafted treaty accepting Chinese suzerainty and adjusting the border in favor of British India.[48] The 14ویں دلائی لاما acknowledged Chinese بادشاہی in the Seventeen Point Agreement of 1951,[49] but China continues to reject the 1914 UK-drafted treaty and claims جنوبی تبت (now part of India's اروناچل پردیش).
In early 1961 the Battle Office for the Liberation of Timor (Bureau de Luta pela Libertação de Timor) was formed under the leadership of Maoclao and backed by انڈونیشیا. A republic was proclaimed in the border town of Batugade on 9 April 1961. It was quickly put down by Portuguese troops.[50]
De facto independent microstate on the border between Galicia (Spain) and Northern Portugal. By the 1864 Treaty of Lisbon, its territory was partitioned between Spain and Portugal.
Provisional government set up by Francesco Saverio Cassar after French troops on the island capitulated to rebels. It became part of the British protectorate of Malta in 1801.
In 1873 Cartagena was proclaimed as an independent canton, called the Canton of Cartagena. This proclamation started the Cantonal Revolution in ہسپانیہ, during the First Spanish Republic. It was the beginning of the cantonalism, a movement that tried Spain become a federal state composed by cantons. Some cities and territories joined the cantonal cause and were declared independents too, but they surrendered a few days later. The only canton with an organized government as state, control on its territory and military power was Cartagena, which declared war and faced the Spanish central government during six months, until it was invaded.
The Chita Republic was a workers and peasants' dictatory republic in Chita during the Russian Revolution of 1905, installed by actual seizure of power in Chita RSDLP Committee and the Council of Soldiers 'and Cossacks' Deputies in November 1905 - January 1906. The Krasnoyarsk Republic - government, organized by the Joint Board of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies in کراسنویارسک during the First Russian Revolution. Lasted from 9 to 27 December 1905. The Novorossiysk Republic - the worker-peasant self-government established by the Council of Workers' Deputies in Novorossiysk December 12, 1905 lasted until 26 December of the same year. The Sochi Republic - political education social democratic sense, arising from the modern city of سوچی as a result of the revolutionary uprisings of 1905. Lasted from December 28, 1905 to January 5, 1906 (i.e., about 9 days). The Starobuyanskaya Republic - peasant self-government established during the First Russian Revolution in the village of Stary Buyan. Lasted from 12 to 26 November 1905.
The Gurian Republic or the Gurian peasant republic was an insurrection that took place in the western Georgian province گوریا (جارجیا) (then part of the سلطنت روس) prior to and during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Republic existed from the November 1905 to January 10, 1906.
The Lyubotinskaya Republic - proclaimed in December 1905, independent workers' state in the armed insurrection of the workers and railwaymen in Lyubotin during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Republic existed from the December 26 to 30, 1905. The Shuliavka Republic was an early 20th-century worker-based quasi-government organization in the city of کیف, Ukraine, whose main task was self-defence. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from December 12–16 (o.s., in the Gregorian Calendar, 26 - 29), 1905.
Markovo Republic was a self-proclaimed peasant state, located in Russia, in the Volokolamsk area. It was proclaimed on October 18, 1905, when during the Russian Revolution of 1905 peasants took control of the local government in the village Markovo and 5 other villages. It had existed until July 18, 1906.
The Ostrovetskaya Republic (Republika Ostrowiecka) - government set December 27, 1905 during the First Russian Revolution in cities Ostrowiec, Iłżę, Ćmielów and locality. Republic fell in the middle of January 1906.
Republika Zagłębiowska Republika Zagłębiowska and Republika Sławkowska
The Republic of Central Albania was a republic declared following the pullout of Ottoman forces from the former Albanian Vilayet. Declared by Essad Pasha Toptani, the republic's existence came to an end when the troops of Wilhelm of Wied took control of the country.
An independent republic and direct predecessor of modern یوکرین established right after the بالشویک پارٹیcoup-d'etat against the روسی جمہوریہ government. During 1918 due to own coup-d'etat had its government swapped between socialists and conservatives while officially referred to as the Ukrainian State. In 1919 by the Unification Act, Ukraine united with the West Ukrainian People's Republic. At that time Ukraine was recognized by numerous countries in Europe.
An association of 30 pro-Ukrainian villages, it planned to merge with the West Ukrainian People's Republic but was suppressed by Poland during the Polish-Ukrainian War
Amidst the chaos in collapse of the Austro-Ungarian empire the Vorarlbergers proclaimed themselves a separate non-Austrian, Germanic people and declared on 3 November 1918 the independence as Republic of Vorarlberg. The secession was blocked by the alies and the new Austrian republican government. In April 1919, over 80% of the Vorarlbergers voted to secede from آسٹریا and attach themselves to سویٹزرلینڈ, but they were again blocked.[56]
Established in the Banat region of modern Serbia by members of ethnic groups in the region, it was only recognized by Hungary. It was invaded by Serbia and in 1919 partitioned between Hungary, Romania, and the newly created Yugoslavia.
Centered on the port of ریئکا, now called ریئکا by the Croatian inhabitants, Venezia-Giulia was an important staging area for the Austro-Hungarian Empire's Adriatic trade. After the war, both یوگوسلاویہ and اطالیہ claimed the area. The inhabitants refused to join either nation, preferring to remain independent and retain the cosmopolitan, multi-ethnic nature of the area. After Fiume's seizure by Italian nationalists in 1919, the Republic was partitioned.[57]
In the chaos after World War I, responding to such situation the locals established a self-governing parish committee, often called the Republic of Perloja. The Republic of Perloja had its own court, police, prison, currency (Perloja litas), and an army of 300 men.
The Bavarian Soviet Republic, also known as the Munich Soviet Republic was, as part of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the attempt to establish a socialist state in the form of a democratic workers' council republic in the بواریا. Another Republic that existed was the Bremen Soviet Republic.
A pro-Hungarian puppet state set up by Red Guards from the Hungarian Soviet Republic in Upper Hungary. After a brief war it was returned to Czechoslovakia as promised by early peace agreements.
The Soviet Republic Ukrainian SSR existed from 1919 to 1991. It was not until the Peace of Riga in 1920 when it was officially recognized. It was created as an opposition to the Ukrainian government. With the سوویت اتحاد کی تحلیل transitioned to یوکرین.
The Soviet Republic Galician SSR existed from July 8, 1920 to September 21, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War within the area of the South-Western front of the Red Army.
State declared in the بورگنلینڈ state of Austria by ethnic Hungarians following the Treaty of Trianon, where Hungary was forced to surrender the territory. It was ceased to exist after a month when Austria annexed it.
The Galician Republic was an ephemeral passage in the History of Galicia. It only lasted for a few hours on 27 June 1931, a day ahead of the election to the ہسپانوی جمہوریہ دوم's Constitutional Assembly.
Carpatho-Ukraine was an autonomous region within چیکوسلوواکیہ from late 1938 to March 15, 1939. It declared itself an independent republic on March 15, 1939, but was returned to مجارستان between March 15 and March 16, 1939, remaining under Hungarian control until the Nazi occupation of Hungary in 1944. On June 29, 1945, a treaty was signed under pressure of USSR between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, ceding Carpatho-Ruthenia officially to the Soviet Union. In 1946 the area was forced to became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, as the زاکارپتیا اوبلاست (Transcarpathian Region).
German-dominated کٹھ پتلی ریاست under Benito Mussolini, formed in the North of Italy after the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III signed an armistice with the Allies.
On 3 July 1944 the Free Republic of Vercors was proclaimed, the first democratic territory in France since the beginning of the German occupation in 1940. The republic ceased to exist before the end of the month.
Region in Moldova that declared its independence on 19 August 1991 following the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 which was supported by many in the area. This came as a result of the possibility of a union between Moldova and Romania which was opposed in Gagauzia which abandoned independence after gaining autonomy from the Moldovan government.
Declared in 1992 and again in 1994, spanning the Crimean peninsula. Was ended through negotiations with Ukraine both times[61][62] until seceding in 2014 and almost immediately joining روس.
Existed during the بوسنیائی جنگ. It worked with Serbia and Croatia to divide the territories between the two nations. Its leader was later convicted of war crimes.
Its independence guaranteed by France, this community of Melanesian natives and European settlers experimented with universal suffrage until France and Britain intervened in the New Hebrides[64]
حصہ ٹونگا, but claim disputed by فجی and a Minerva "principality" group
Several previously unclaimed reefs that were occupied and raised in a minor way by a group of libertarian establishmentarians until Tonga laid claim to the territory
Independence declared by British ResidentJames Busby and northern Māori tribal leaders as an attempt to safeguard British claims against French territorial expansion. Led to a formal treaty (the Treaty of Waitangi) between Māori leaders and the British crown in 1840.
Following the second coup, when Fiji left the دولت مشترکہ ممالک, a segment of the Rotuman population, known as the "Mölmahao Clan" of Noa’tau rejected the council's decision to remain with the newly declared republic. Arguing that روتوما had been ceded to جزیرہ برطانیہ عظمی and not to Fiji, these rebels declared in 1987 independence of Republic of Rotuma and were charged with sedition. It did not have any substantive support, majority opinion appears to favor remaining with Fiji, but rumblings of discontent remain.
↑A fort was established by a group of Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Hendrik Potgieter with the help of a Dutch merchant Gregorius Ohrig. The settlers arrived in 1845 and were decimated by malaria. Forced to abandon the area, the republic was officially abandoned in 1849.
↑Joined with the Comoros then seceded twice to gain independence. Anjouan rejoined the Comoros after talks during the first secession. After the second event, the secessionist government was forcefully removed.
↑Controlled territory in Northern Mali, it wasn't recognized by any state
↑Controlled territory in eastern Nigeria, recognized by five states (Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Zambia)
↑Former ApartheidBantustan homelands, formed and recognized only by each other and South Africa. Israel extended marginal recognition to Bophuthatswana and Ciskei by allowing both polities to build trade missions in Tel Aviv. In 1993 Bophuthatswana opened an information center in Latvia, so that the Latvian song festival was also attended by a chorus of this country (Bop Arts Council Chorus).
↑Cabinda was a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo . During the Portuguese Colonial War period, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese. The independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975. After the Angolan independence came in effect in November 1975, Cabinda was invaded by forces of the MPLA (MPLA) with support of troops from Cuba.
↑Founded by Adam Kok III as a final resting place for Griqua people. The State suffered from a secret deal signed between the British Empire and Orange Free State causing unceasing instability. Allothgh the reasons for its annexation are still debated, it was eventually integrated with the Cape Colony in 1880
↑Enjoying de facto independence since the founding of Griquatown in 1813, Griqualand West eventually proclaimed itself a British colony in 1873. It did not gain recognition by Britain nor the neighboring Cape Colony and was annexed in 1880.
↑Formed in rebellion to Dutch East India Company it took 2 years to be incorporated into the Cape colony although this time under British rule.
↑A Boer republic which declared its independence from lands formerly controlled by the Swazi king Mswati II. It was eventually incorporated into the South African Republic in 1891 on its own request.
↑A Republic proclaimed during a dispute over diamond mines near what would become Griqualand West
↑A Boer republic which created following the dissolution of the Andries-Ohringstad Republic. Eventually this nation expanded with the inclusion of the Utrecht Republic in 1858. The republic lasted until 1860 when it was incorporated into the South African Republic
↑حکومت الہیہ established during the Mahdist War by rebels. The rebellion failed the state was dissolved.
↑A state declared by Hutu separatists inside the mountainous Vuzigo commune, between the Makamba and Lake Nyanza which lasted for little over a week.
↑Seceded in 1997 but quietly rejoined the next year.
↑Mr. Latham Leslie-Moore, a retired civil servant, declared the secession of the "Sultanate of M'Simbati" from the then colony of Tanganyika. The "secession" was suppressed in 1962 by Tanzanian government troops.
↑Established in 1839 by local Afrikaans-speaking Voortrekkers after the Battle of Blood River. This Boer Republic lasted for four years before being annexed by British troops under George Napier.
↑Created on August 16 of 1884 with land donated by the Zulus through a treaty. The territory was part the old Boer Republic of Natalia. The republic enjoyed independence until it was annexed by the South African Republic by its own request.
↑A republic that existed only for a couple months before joining with Winburg Republic. It was effectively a city-state.
↑British Colony that unilaterally declared independence
↑Founded in September 1921, when the people of the Rif (the Riffians) revolted and declared their independence from Spanish Morocco. It was dissolved by Spanish and French forces on 27 May 1926.
↑South Kasai seceded from the newly independent Republic of the Congo after decolonization in similar circumstances to the State of Katanga during the Congo Crisis. Kasai, however, did not declare full independence but autonomous self-government, despite producing its own constitution, still claimed to be part of a hypothetical "Federal Republic of the Congo". It was re-integrated into the Congo by force in 1962.
↑A Boer republic which existed briefly before its union with its neighboring Boer republic the State of Goshen
↑A republic proclaimed by Andreas Theodorus Spies following a land purchase from the King of the Zulu, Mpande. It joined with the Lydenburg Republic in 1858.
↑Established on land the Vet and Vaal Rivers donated to the Voortrekkers by Bataung Chief Makwana in 1836 in exchange for protection from neighboring Basotho tribes. Joined in union with the newly established Potchefstroom in 1838 to form the Potchefstroom.
↑Following the 17 January 1964 coup which deposed the Sultan of Zanzibar, the revolutionary group purporting to represent the island’s Negro majority proclaimed a Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba, its immediately made an offer of union with the government of Tanganyika.
↑A version of Rhodesia (see above) that ended the white minority government and introduced a biracial government.
↑A small Boer Republic that joined with the South African Republic in 1864. The white settlers in Zoutpansberg had for many years a reputation for lawlessness, and were later regarded as typical "back velt Boers". Zoutpansberg contained a larger native population than any other region of the Transvaal
↑Smith, Warren, "Tibetan Nation", p. 186: "The validity is often questioned, mainly on grounds of the authority of Dorjiev to negotiate on behalf of Tibet...the fact that Dorjiev was a Russian citizen while ethnically Tibetan somewhat compromises his role; the treaty had some advantages to Russia in that it could be interpreted as extending Russia's protectorate over Mongolia to encompass Tibet.
↑Goldstein, Melvyn C., A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951, University of California Press, 1989, pp812-813, saying: "After a lengthy discussion...the assembly recommended to the Dalai Lama that the agreement be approved. On 24 October, the Dalai Lama sent an official confirmation to Mao Tse-tung."
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
