Fransa'da feminizm

Fransız devrimi sırasında politikleşen kadınların kendi siyasallaşması sayesinde güçlenip kendi haklarının peşine düşmesiyle başlar ancak kralı giyotine yollayan Jakobenler önde gelen kadın hakları savunucularını da giyotine yollamaktan kaçınmaz.[1] Bu devirde radikal Jakobenler ile ılımlı Jirondenler arasında kadına bakış açısından farklılar da görülür. Ancak Fransa'da "Terör Dönemi" olarak adlandırılan bu en kanlı tarih dönemi Jakobenlerin egemenliğindedir ve onların sözü geçer. Kadın Hakları Beyannamesi'ni, İnsan Hakları Beyannamesi'ne (aslında İngilizcesinde insan yerine adam sözcüğü geçmektedir) nazire olarak kaleme alan Olympe de Gouge da giyotin ile idam cezasına çarptırılır. Jirondenlerin dönemi geldiğindeyse, meclisten ilk kez kadınların lehine işleyen bir boşanma yasası çıkarılır. Bir kere sokaklara dökülen ve devrimin ön saflarında yer alan kadınlar bundan sonra da kendi hakları için savaşmaya devam etmiştir.

Fransız feminist teorileri

Fransız felsefesi yetmişli yıllardan sonra önemli bir etkinlik gösterir. Hem yapısalcılık hem de postyapısalcılıkta Fransız filozofları belirleyici bir rol oynarlar.[2]

Bu rolde Fransız feministleri de yer alır, Fransız feminist kuramları olarak adlandırılan bölüm hem postmodern düşüncelerden etkilenmiş hem de bu düşüncelerin gelişimini etkilemiştir. Daha özel olaraksa feminizmin kendi içinde teorik aşama kaydetmesini ve belirli bir anlamda feminist sorunsalda değişiklikler meydana gelmesini sağlamışlardır. Başlıca ve etkili Fransız feminist teorisyenler Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray ve Hélène Cixous'tur.[3] Bu üç feminist düşünür feminizmi dil, simgeselleştirme ve söylemsellik bağlamında yeniden değerlendirirler ve eril dünyayı yeniden sorgulamaya alırlar. Temel kavramları genel olarak dil, öznelliğin kuruluşu, cinsellik ve arzu mekanizmaları gibi konulardır.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Raymond, Gino (2008). Historical dictionary of France (2. bas.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810850958. 
  2. ^ Belsey, Catherine (2002). Post-structuralism: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192801807. 
  3. ^ France, Peter (1995). The new Oxford companion to literature in French. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198661252. 

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