↑Skjaervo, Prods Oktor. "IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Doc – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (ภาษาอังกฤษ). Encyclopedia Iranica. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 พฤศจิกายน 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 8 กุมภาพันธ์ 2017. Parthian. This was the local language of the area east of the Caspian Sea and official language of the Parthian state (see ARSACIDS) and is known from inscriptions on stone and metal, including coins and seals, and from large archives of potsherd labels on wine jars from the Parthian capital of Nisa, as well as from the Manichean texts.
↑Brosius, Maria (2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 125. ISBN978-0-203-06815-1. The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were polytheistic. Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In Babylon the city-god Marduk continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses Ishtar and Nanai, while Hatra's main god, the sun-god Shamash, was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods.
↑Koshelenko & Pilipko 1996, p. 149-150, "Buddhism was practiced in the easternmost reaches of the Parthian Empire." harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKoshelenkoPilipko1996 (help)
↑Sheldon 2010, p. 231 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSheldon2010 (help)
↑Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR1170959.
↑Curtis 2007, pp. 10–11 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCurtis2007 (help); Bivar 1983, p. 33 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBivar1983 (help); Garthwaite 2005, p. 76 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGarthwaite2005 (help)
↑Garthwaite 2005, p. 80 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGarthwaite2005 (help); see also Strugnell 2006, pp. 251–252 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFStrugnell2006 (help)