Vaksin COVID-19

Peta negara mengikut status kelulusan
  Diluluskan untuk kegunaan am, pemvaksinan besar-besaran giat dijalankan
  EUA (atau bersamaan) diluluskan, pemvaksinan besar-besaran giat dijalankan
  EUA diluluskan, pemvaksinan terhad
  Diluluskan untuk kegunaan am, pemvaksinan besar-besaran dirancang
  EUA diluluskan, pemvaksinan besar-besaran dirancang
  EUA sedang menunggu
Peratusan penduduk yang menerima vaksin COVID-19 seluruh dunia, sehingga 6 Februari 2021.
  Sebanyak 30%
  10-29%
  Lebih kurang 10% atau tiada data
Sebahagian daripada siri rencana mengenai
Pandemik COVID-19
Kronologi
2019

2020

2021

Lokasi
  • Mengikut benua
  • Mengikut kenderaan
Respons antarabangsa
Respons perubatan
Kesan
  • Sosioekonomi
  • Mengikut industri
Ikon portal Portal Penyakit koronavirus 2019

Vaksin COVID-19 ialah vaksin yang digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit koronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Biarpun tiada vaksin yang telah selesai menjalani ujian klinikal buat masa ini, terdapat beberapa percubaan yang sedang dilakukan untuk membangunkan vaksin itu. Pada akhir Februari 2020, Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) tidak menjangkakan vaksin terhadap SARS-CoV-2, virus penyebabnya, boleh didapati dalam masa kurang daripada 18 bulan.[1] Pada awal Mac 2020, kira-kira 30 calon vaksin sedang dalam pembangunan.[1] Sehingga September 2020, terdapat 321 vaksin ujian percubaan yang sedang dalam pembangunan.[2] Pada September, 39 calon vaksin sedang dalam ujian klinikal, 33 dalam ujian tahap I–II, dan 6 dalam ujian tahap II–III.[2]

Penyelidikan vaksin lain

Beberapa jenis koronavirus lain yang menyebabkan penyakit pada haiwan telah memiliki vaksin tersendiri, seperti koronavirus burung, koronavirus anjing, dan koronavirus kucing.[3]

Usaha terdahulu dalam pembangunan vaksin virus keluarga Coronaviridae yang dapat menjangkiti manusia bertujuan untuk pencegahan sindrom pernafasan akut teruk (SARS) dan sindrom pernafasan Timur Tengah (MERS). Vaksin terhadap SARS[4] dan MERS[5] telah diuji pada haiwan. Setakat tahun 2020, tiada vaksin untuk rawatan atau pencegahan SARS terbukti selamat dan berkesan terhadap manusia.[6][7] Menurut jurnal saintifik yang diterbitkan pada 2005 dan 2006, pengenalan dan pembangunan vaksin dan ubat-ubatan baru untuk menyembuhkan SARS menjadi keutamaan bagi kerajaan di seluruh dunia.[8][9][10]

Selain itu, tiada vaksin yang terbukti dapat menangani MERS.[11] Ketika pesakit MERS mula meningkat, awalnya penyelidik yakin bahawa penyelidikan SARS terdahulu dapat memberikan gambaran untuk pembangunan rawatan terhadap MERS-CoV.[6][12] Sehingga Mac 2020, terdapat satu vaksin MERS (berasaskan DNA) yang telah selesai menjalani ujian klinikal fasa I (ujian terhadap orang yang sihat).[13] Kemudian terdapat tiga vaksin lain sedang dibangunkan. Ketiga vaksin tersebut ialah vaksin dengan vektor virus, dua vektor adenovirus (ChAdOx1-MERS,[14][15] BVRS-GamVac[16]), dan satu vektor MVA (MVA-MERS-S[17]).[18]

Khabar angin dan maklumat palsu

Ciapan di laman media sosial mendorong kepada penyebaran teori konspirasi yang mendakwa bahawa vaksin sudah tersedia. Namun sehingga kini, vaksin masih dibangunkan dan belum tersedia untuk masyarakat. Beberapa nombor paten yang dipetik di beberapa ciapan media sosial sebenarnya merupakan paten untuk urutan genetik dan vaksin untuk koronavirus jenis lain seperti SARS-CoV dan bukan untuk SARS-CoV-2.[19][20]

Penyelidikan pada 2020

SARS-CoV-2 berjaya dikenal pasti pada akhir 2019. Virus tersebut merupakan penyebab penyakit koronavirus 2019. Virus tersebut telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia pada 2020. Ini menjadikan pembuatan vaksin ini dilakukan secepat mungkin dan dengan pelaburan yang amat besar.

Pelbagai pertubuhan menggunakan genom yang dihasilkan untuk mengembangkan vaksin untuk menangani SARS-CoV-2.[21][22] Terdapat kurang lebih 35 syarikat dan lembaga akademik yang terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini.[23]

Status pembangunan vaksin

Vaksin yang diluluskan

Vaksin yang diluluskan untuk kegunaan darurat dan/atau kegunaan sepenuhnya
Calon vaksin, pemaju, dan penaja Kebenaran kegunaan darurat Kebenaran sepenuhnya
Tozinameran (Comirnaty)[24]


BioNTech, Pfizer, Fosun Pharma

  • Arab Saudi[43]
  • Switzerland[44]
  • Kesatuan Eropah[45][46]
  • Norway
  • Iceland
  • Kepulauan Faroe
  • Greenland
  • Serbia
  • Malaysia[47]
mRNA-1273


Moderna, NIAID, BARDA, CEPI

  • Kesatuan Eropah[52]
  • Norway
  • Iceland
  • Kepulauan Faroe
  • Greenland
  • Switzerland[53]
Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V)


Institut Penyelidikan Epidemiologi dan Mikrobiologi Gamaleya

CoronaVac


Sinovac

AZD1222


Universiti Oxford, AstraZeneca, CEPI

BBIBP-CorV


Sinopharm: Beijing Institute of Biological Products,

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products

  • Emiriah Arab Bersatu[71]
  • Bahrain
  • China[72]
BBV512 (Covaxin)


Bharat Biotech, Dewan Penyelidikan Perubatan India

  • India (dipantau)[65]
Ad5-nCoV (Convidicea)


CanSino Biologics,

Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences

Lihat juga

Rujukan

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AwardEuropean Community Monitor Mission MedalTypeService medalAwarded for21 days of continuous, or 30 days of cumulative service for the European Community Monitor MissionPresented bythe European CommunityStatusMission changed to the European Union Monitoring Mission 2000Ribbon bar of the medal RelatedEuropean Union Monitoring Mission Medal The European Community Monitor Mission Medal is a medal which recognizes service with the European Community Monitor Mission in the former Yugoslavia whic...

 

Canarium mutabile

Species of gastropod Canarium mutabile Canarium mutabile f zebriolatus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Caenogastropoda Order: Littorinimorpha Family: Strombidae Genus: Canarium Species: C. mutabile Binomial name Canarium mutabile(Swainson, 1821) Synonyms[1] Strombus (Canarium) mutabilis f. rufescens Prelle, 2006 (Unavailable name below the species-group) Strombus epimellus Duclos, P.L. in Chenu, J.C., 1844...

 

Soft hyphen

Unicode character ISO symbol for soft hyphen In computing and typesetting, a soft hyphen (ISO 8859: 0xAD, Unicode U+00AD SOFT HYPHEN, HTML: ­ or ­ or ­) or syllable hyphen (EBCDIC: 0xCA), abbreviated SHY, is a code point reserved in some coded character sets for the purpose of breaking words across lines by inserting visible hyphens if they fall on the line end but remain invisible within the line. Two alternative ways of using the soft hyphen character for thi...

Hoàng Anh Gia Lai

Hoàng Anh Gia LaiNama lengkapCâu lạc bộ Bóng đá Hoàng Anh Gia Lai (Klub Sepak Bola Hoàng Anh Gia Lai)JulukanĐội bóng Phố Núi (The Central Highland)Nama singkatHAGLBerdiri2001; 21 tahun lalu (2001)StadionStadion PleikuPleiku, Vietnam(Kapasitas: 12,000)KetuaĐoàn Nguyên ĐứcManajerLee Tae-hoonLigaV.League 12022V.League 1, ke-6Situs webSitus web resmi klub Musim ini Hoàng Anh Gia Lai adalah klub sepakbola Vietnam yang bermarkas di Pleiku, Gia Lai. Dimiliki oleh ...

 

قائمة ملوك السعودية

خادم الحرمين الشريفين ملك المملكة العربية السعودية شعار المملكة العربية السعودية الملك الحالي سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود فترة الحكم23 يناير 2015 - حتى الآن نوع الحكم ملكية مطلقة عبد الله بن عبد العزيز آل سعود   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 31 ديسمبر 1935 (العمر 88 سنة)الرياض اللقب خا...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!