James E. Smith (1793)は包膜の特徴を用いて20属を認めた[19]。Swartzはその分類を発展させ、胞子嚢群と包膜の形質により1801年には30属670種を、1806年には38属720種を扱った[19]。この分類体系では人為的な制限があったが、30年近くこれに代わる分類形質は発見されなかった[19]。Desvaux (1827)は胞子嚢群の形質をより詳細に研究し、デンジソウ科 Marsilées、ヒカゲノカズラ科 Lycopodiées、ゼンマイ科 Osmondées、リュウビンタイ科 Marattiées、シダ科 Filicéesの5科79属1666種に分けた[19]。
Copeland, Edwin Bingham (1947). Genera Filicum, the genera of ferns. Waltham: Chronica Botanica
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). “Trends and concepts in fern classification”. Annals of Botany113: 571-594.
Engler, Adolf; Prantl, Karl (1902). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien1 (4).Pteridophyta. Leipzig: Velag non Wilhelm Engelmann
Fujinami, Rieko; Yamada, Toshihiro; Nakajima, Atsuko; Takagi, Shoko; Idogawa, Ai; Kawakami, Eri; Tsutsumi, Maiko; Imaichi, Ryoko (2017). “Root apical meristem diversity in extant lycophytes and implications for root origins”. New Phytologist215 (3): 1210-1220.
Hasebe, M.; Wolf, P. G.; Pryer, K. M.; Ueda, K.; Ito, M.; Sano, R.; Gastony, G. J.; Yokoyama, J. et al. (1995). “Fern phylogeny based on rbcL nucleotide sequences”. Amer. Fern J.85: 134–181.
Kato, Masahiro (2005). “Classification, Molecular Phylogeny, Divergence Time, and Morphological Evolution of Pteridophytes with Notes on Heterospory and Monophyletic and Paraphyletic Groups”. Acta Phytotax. Geobot.56 (2): 111-126.
Korall, P.; Pryer, K. M.; Metzgar, J. S.; Schneider, H.; Conant, D. S. (2006). “Tree ferns: monophyletic groups and their relationships as revealed by four protein-coding plastid loci”. Molec. Phylog. Evol.39: 830–845.
Lehtonen, S. (2011). “Towards resolving the complete fern tree of life”. PLoS One6: e24851.
Linnaeus, Carolus (1753). Species plantarum. Stockholm: Salvius
Linnaeus, Carolus (1754). Genera plantarum. Stockholm: Salvius
Pichi Sermolli, R.E.G. (1997). “Tentamen Pteridophytorum genera in taxonomicum ordinem redigendi”. Webbia31: 313-512.
PPG I (The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group) (2016). “A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns”. Journal of Systematics and Evolution (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) 56 (6): 563-603.
Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Wolf, Paul G.; Schneider, Harald; Smith, Alan R.; Cranfill, Raymond (2004). “Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences”. American Journal of Botany91 (10): 1582-1598.
Puttick, Mark N.; Morris, Jennifer L.; Williams, Tom A.; Cox, Cymon J.; Edwards, Dianne; Kenrick, Paul; Pressel, Silvia; Wellman, Charles H. et al. (2018). “The interrelationships of land plants and the nature of ancestral Embryophyte”. Current Biology (Cell) 28: 1-3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.063.
Rothfels, C.J.; Larsson, A; Kuo, L-Y; Korall, P; Chiou, W-L; Pryer, Kathleen M. (2012). “Overcoming deep roots, fast rates, and short internodes to resolve the ancient rapid radiation of eupolypod II ferns”. Systematic Biology16: 490–509.
Schneider, H.; Russell, S. J.; Cox, C. J.; Bakker, F.; Henderson, S.; Gibby, M.; Vogel, J. C. (2004). “Chloroplast phylogeny of asplenioid ferns based on rbcL and trnL-F spacer sequences (Polypodiidae, Aspleniaceae) and its implications for the biogeography”. Syst. Bot29: 260–274.
Schneider, H.; He, L; Hennequin, S.; Zhang, X-C (2013). “Towards a natural classification of Pteridaceae: inferring the relationships of enigmatic pteridoid fern species occurring in the Sino-Himalaya and Afro-Madagascar”. Phytotaxa77: 49–60.
Schuettpelz, E.; Pryer, K.M. (2007). “Fern phylogeny inferred from 400 leptosporangiate species and three plastid genes”. Taxon56: 1037–1050.