Religioni in Vietnam

Basilica di Nostra Signora, Città Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

Le religioni in Vietnam hanno una lunga tradizione, a partire dalla religione popolare vietnamita la quale è stata storicamente strutturata ed influenzata dalle dottrine del confucianesimo e del taoismo provenienti dalla Cina, così come anche da una forte tradizione del buddhismo, il tutto denominato "Tre insegnamenti" (o tam Giáo) il quale considera le tre fedi come un aggregato armonioso.

Il Vietnam è uno dei paesi meno religiosi del mondo; secondo le statistiche ufficiali del governo datate 2014 vi sono 23 milioni di persone con una delle organizzazioni religiose riconosciute, su una popolazione totale di 90 milioni di abitanti; di questi 11 milioni (12,2%) sono buddhisti, 6,2 milioni professano il cattolicesimo (6,8%), 4,43 milioni seguono il Caodaismo (4,8%), 1,4 milioni sono protestanti (1,6%), 1,3 milioni praticano la tradizione dell'Hoahaoismo; si trovano inoltre 75.000 musulmani, 7.000 Bahá'í, 1500 indù ed altri gruppi più piccoli[1].

Le fedi religiose tradizionali (il culto degli dèi, delle dee e degli antenati) hanno sperimentato una rinascita a partire dagli anni '80 del XX secolo[2]. Secondo le stime da parte del Pew Research Center, nel 2010 la maggior parte dei vietnamiti praticavano religioni popolari (45,3%), i buddisti costituivano il 16,4% della popolazione, circa il 8,2% dei vietnamiti erano invece cristiani (soprattutto cattolici), e circa il 30% non erano affiliati ad alcuna religione[3][4]. Ufficialmente, la Repubblica socialista del Vietnam è uno stato ateo come dichiarato dal suo governo dominato dal partito Comunista del Vietnam[5].

Note

  1. ^ Home Office: Country Information and Guidance — Vietnam: Religious minority groups. December 2014. Quoting United Nations' "Press Statement on the visit to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam by the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief". Hanoi, Viet Nam 31 July 2014. Vietnamese. Quote, p. 8: "[...] According to the official statistics presented by the Government, the overall number of followers of recognized religions is about 24 million out of a population of almost 90 million. Formally recognized religious communities include 11 million Buddhists, 6.2 million Catholics, 1.4 million Protestants, 4.4 million Cao Dai followers, 1.3 million Hoa Hao Buddhists as well as 75,000 Muslims, 7000 Baha’ís, 1500 Hindus and others. The official number of places of worship comprises 26,387 pagodas, temples, churches and other religious facilities. [...] While the majority of Vietnamese do not belong to one of the officially recognized religious communities, they may nonetheless – occasionally or regularly – practise certain traditional rituals, usually referred to in Viet Nam under the term "belief". Many of those traditional rituals express veneration of ancestors. [...]"
  2. ^ Philip Taylor. Goddess on the Rise: Pilgrimage and Popular Religion in Vietnam
  3. ^ The Global Religious Landscape 2010 Archiviato il 19 luglio 2013 in Internet Archive.. The Pew Forum.
  4. ^ Global Religious Landscape, su features.pewforum.org, The Pew Forum. URL consultato il 4 maggio 2014 (archiviato dall'url originale il 16 novembre 2013).
  5. ^ Jan Dodd, Mark Lewis, Ron Emmons. "The Rough Guide to Vietnam", Vol. 4, 2003. p. 509: "After 1975, the Marxist-Leninist government of reunified Vietnam declared the state atheist while theoretically allowing people the right to practice their religion under the constitution."

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