Qasr al-Basha

Qasr al-Basha
Kokapena
Estatu burujabe Palestina
Mendeko lurraldeGazako lur zerrenda
Palestina Estatuko lurralde-antolaketaGazako Gobernazioa
Hiria Gaza
Koordenatuak31°30′16″N 34°27′57″E / 31.504417°N 34.465967°E / 31.504417; 34.465967
Map
Historia eta erabilera
2023-2024ko Israel-Palestina gerra
Pasha-ko Jauregiaren Museoko sarrera.

Qasr al-Basha (arabieraz: قصر الباشا‎) Pashako Jauregiaren Museoa, Radwango Gaztelua eta Napoleonen Gotorlekua jauregi historikoa da, Gazako Hiri Zaharrean kokatua. 2023an museo bat eta neskentzako eskola bat ditu. Botere-asentu gisa funtzionatu zuen mameluko eta otomandarren aldietan, eta polizia-estazio gisa britainiar Mandatuan.[1]

Historia

Mamelukoen garaia

Qasr al-Bashako lehen solairua Zahir Baibarsen sultan mamelukoak eraiki zuen XIII. mendearen erdialdean. Fatxadak Baibarstarren marka du, elkarren aurka dauden bi lehoiren erliebe-eskultura. Patroi geometrikoak eta kupulak, haizagailua eta ganga gurutzatuak,mamelukoen ohiko arkitektura-osagaiak dira horiek Bahriren araupean. Bertako kondairaren arabera, K.o. XIII. mendean, Baibars jenerala zen artean Levante osoan gurutzatuen eta mongolen aurka borrokatzen ari zela, Gazatik igaro zen behin baino gehiagotan. Bisita batean uste dute Baibars Gazan ezkondu zela eta etxe handi bat eraiki zuela Gazaren emazte eta seme-alabentzat. Esaten da Qasr al-Basha dela etxe hartatik geratzen dena.

Otomandarren aldia

Eraikinaren bigarren solairua Otomandarren garaiko eraikuntza da. XVII. mendekoa, Qasr al-Basha izan zen Radwan dinastiakoak izan zirenDamaskoko probintziako gobernadore otomandarren gotorlekua (hortik datorkio "Radwango gaztelua" izena), baita Gazaren geroko pasha-garaian. Garai hartan, gotorlekuak lurpeko arteka eta pasarteak izan zituen defentsarako. Gune horren barruan soldadu, meskita, aletegi, armeria eta arroilak zeuden. Egituraren altuerak Qasr al-Basha puntu estrategiko bihurtu zuen Gazan. Hori izan zen, gotorlekuekin batera, Napoleon Bonapartek hiru gau emateko aukeratu zuen jauregia 1799an Acre-n amaitu zuen kanpainan, eta hortik datorkio "Napoleonen gotorlekua" izena.

Evliya Çelebi bidaiari turkiarra Qasr al-Bashatik idatzi zuen 1649an, hitz hauek esanez: "gotorlekua garai zaharrean eraikia zeneta Nabukodonosor-ek suntsitu zuen. Gaur egungo gotorlekua geroago sortu zen. Txikia eta angeluzuzena da, eta ordubetera dago itsasotik ekialdera. Hormak ia 20 metroko altuera du. Alkiblarako norabidean irekitzen den ate metaliko bat du. Komandanteak eta goarnizioak beti egon behar dute hemen beren zaintza-lanak betetzeko, leku arriskutsuan dagoelako; hemen tribu arabiarrak eta etsaia ugariak dira".

Aro modernoa

Palestinako Britaniar Mandatuaren garaian, polizia-estazio gisa erabili zen, eta Gazako arabiar gobernu errepublikanoaren garaian, Qasr al-Basha Neskentzako Farial Printzesa izeneko eskola bihurtu zen. Farouk I.a Egiptokoa Kairon poterea galdu ondoren, bigarren heskuntzako Al-Zahra izena hartu zuen neskentzako eskolak.

Garapenerako Nazio Batuen Programak (GNBP) proiektu bati ekin zion, Alemaniako Garapen Bankuaren (KfW) diru-laguntza baten bidez finantzatua, Qasr al-Basha museo bihurtzeko. GNBPk instalazio berriak eraiki zituen nesken eskolarako, eta Pasha jauregia zaharberritzeko lanak Palestinako Agintaritzako Antigoaleko eta Kultur Ondareko Departamentuaren ikuskapen estuaren pean hasi ziren. Proiektuaren lehen fasean, langileek museoko lurrak txukundu, ate, leiho eta ate berriak jarri eta jauregiko fatxada berritu zuten.

Proiektuaren bigarren fasean, erakusketarako egokiak ziren altzariak jarri ziren museoan. Antigoaleko Gauzen Departamentuak bildumako artikulu batzuk erakusteko erabili zituen, besteak beste, tresna neolitikoak, antzinako egiptoarrak, feniziarrak, persiarrak, helenistikoak eta erromatarrak. Jauregiaren aurreko eraikin txikiagoa ere berritu zuten, museora sarrera gisa erabiltzeko.

Ikus, gainera

  • Palestinako museoen zerrenda
  • Ahmad ibn Ridwan
  • Husayn Pasha
  • Musa Pasha ibn Hasan Ridwan

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ (Ingelesez) Berger, Miriam. (2018-08-17). «What You Would See if You Could be a Tourist in History-Packed Gaza» The Daily Beast (Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-11-02).

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