Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages

Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
Chimu–Chipayan
(controversial)
Geographic distribution	Peru and Central America
Linguistic classification	Proposed language family
Subdivisions	Chimuan Uru–Chipaya Mayan
Language codes
Glottolog	None

The Maya–Yunga–Chipayan languages are a proposed macrofamily linking the Chimuan, Uru–Chipaya, and Mayan language families of the Americas. The macrofamily was proposed by Stark (1972).^[1] However, it has not gained widespread acceptance among linguists.

Classification

Stark's (1972) classification is as follows.^[1]

• Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
  • Mayan
  • Chimu–Chipayan
    • Uru–Chipaya
    • Chimuan
      • Yunga (Mochica)
      • Cañari–Puruhá
      • ? Sechura–Catacao (Tallán)

Tovar (1961),^[2] partly based on Schmidt (1926),^[3] adds Tallán (Sechura–Catacao) to Chimuan (which he calls Yunga-Puruhá). Tovar's (1961) classification below is cited from Stark (1972).^[1]

Lexical comparisons

Stark (1972) proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga (Mochica), based on the following lexical comparisons.^[1]

gloss	Yunga	Uru–Chipaya	Proto-Mayan
to remember	kon-	khuñ-	*k(’)an
string (twisted)	pal	pari	*b’əl
flea	čuka	čowksmari	*k’əq
to kill	jum	kan	*kəm
fire	ox	uh	*q’aːq’
foot	xok	kxohča	*ʔoːq
to come	ta(n)-	thon-	*t̪əːl
(old) woman	šonøŋ	šon	*ʔišnam
beard	sap	sip(s)	*šob
white	šiku	sḳo ‘white, salty residue, on ground’	*saq
to spin thread	paṣ̌-	spahtš	*bač’
water	xa	kxaʔ	*həʔ
bone	ko¢ike	khoči	*b’a.q
to feel, hear	nøm-	non	*ʔabiy, *ʔubiy
sun, time, day	tuni	thuñi	*q’i.ŋ
father	ef	ehp	*mam, *tat
to want, love, present	pik-	pek	*q’an, *ʔax
ripe, old	čuk	čakwa	*yix
toad	xok	šḳoḳa	*š-k’yuk’y
to spin thread	paṣ̌-	spahtš	*š-bač’
jaw	kaŋ	škeña	*š-kahlam
cornfield		škala ~ ṣkala	*š-k’wal; *š-kol

See also

• Macro-Mayan languages

References

1. Stark, Louisa R. (1972). "Maya-Yunga-Chipayan: A New Linguistic Alignment". International Journal of American Linguistics. 38 (2): 119–135. doi:10.1086/465193. ISSN 0020-7071. S2CID 145380780.
2. Tovar, Antonio (1961). Catálogo de las lenguas de América del Sur, pp. 162-165. Buenos Aires.
3. Schmidt, Wilhelm (1926). Die Sprachfamilien und Sprachenkreise der Erde, p. 214. Heidelberg.