Madrid (Senate constituency)

For the Congress of Deputies constituency, see Madrid (Congress of Deputies constituency).
Madrid
Senate of Spain
Electoral constituency
Location of Madrid within Spain
ProvinceMadrid
Autonomous communityCommunity of Madrid
PopulationGreen arrow up7,001,715 (2024)[1]
ElectorateGreen arrow up5,224,561 (2023)
Major settlementsMadrid, Móstoles, Alcalá de Henares, Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe, Alcorcón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Parla, Alcobendas
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats4
Member(s)
  •   PP (3)
  •   PSOE (1)

Madrid is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Madrid. The electoral system uses limited voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado),[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.[2][3][11][12] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[14][15]

Senators

Senators for Madrid 1977–
Key to parties
  Pod.
  PSP
  SpD
  PSOE
  Cs
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
1 3
1st 1979
2 2
2nd 1982
3 1
3rd 1986
3 1
4th 1989
1 3
5th 1993
1 3
6th 1996
1 3
7th 2000
1 3
8th 2004
1 3
9th 2008
1 3
10th 2011
1 3
11th 2015
1 3
12th 2016
1 3
13th 2019 (Apr)
2 1 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
2 2
15th 2023
1 3

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
checkY Pedro Rollán Ojeda PP 1,450,671 41.95
checkY Pío García-Escudero Márquez PP 1,415,953 40.94
checkY Paloma Martín Martín PP 1,399,006 40.45
checkY José Manuel Franco Pardo PSOE 1,030,269 29.79
• Santiago Llorente Gutiérrez PSOE 975,966 28.22
• María del Valle Luna Zarza PSOE 950,039 27.47
• Carolina Cordero Núñez Sumar 546,839 15.81
• Jorge Lozano Mendoza Sumar 440,824 12.74
• Carlos Bustelo García del Real Vox 426,160 12.32
• Pedro del Cura Sánchez Sumar 398,732 11.53
• Julia Escobar Moreno Vox 395,118 11.42
• Zoe Milagros Valdés Martínez Vox 373,048 10.78
• Asunción Estévez Chacón PACMA 39,999 1.15
• Raúl Barrios Terroso PACMA 21,182 0.61
• María Jesús Antúnez Alcántara PACMA 20,717 0.59
• Jorge Serrano Paradinas PUM+J 16,767 0.48
• Hugo Carrasco González PCTE 12,831 0.37
• María Isabel Pinel Olmeda PH 7,853 0.22
• Martín Ricardo Saenz de Ynestrillas Pérez FE de las JONS 7,694 0.22
• Fabián Appel Katz Recortes Cero 6,960 0.20
• Juan Antonio Gómez del Pulgar Alcaide PACMA 4,076 0.11
• Ángel Casero Hernández Recortes Cero 3,771 0.10
• Juana Constantina Zlotescu Simatu Recortes Cero 3,746 0.10
• Eva Ubago Castro PH 3,347 0.09
• Joaquín Pablo Segado Bixquert PH 3,029 0.08
Blank ballots 47,432 1.37
Total 10002029
Valid votes 3,457,864 98.40
Invalid votes 55,965 1.59
Votes cast / turnout 3,513,829 73.96
Abstentions 1,236,806 26.03
Registered voters 4750635
Sources[16]

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 3,335,762 34.46 +12.63 2 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 2,951,980 30.50 +2.70 2 ±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 1,321,119 13.65 –1.77 0 ±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 980,431 10.13 –10.31 0 –1
Vox (Vox) 589,389 6.09 –5.08 0 ±0
More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo) 194,510 2.01 New 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 169,838 1.75 –0.42 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 26,308 0.27 +0.09 0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 20,143 0.21 New 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 19,876 0.21 –0.13 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 12,659 0.13 –0.04 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a] 58,072 1.65 +0.25
Total 9,680,087 4 ±0
Valid votes 3,521,712 98.43 +0.04
Invalid votes 56,348 1.57 –0.04
Votes cast / turnout 3,578,060 70.32 –4.95
Abstentions 1,510,033 29.68 +4.95
Registered voters 5,088,093
Sources[17]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3,024,740 27.80 2 +1
People's Party (PP) 2,375,330 21.83 1 –2
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 2,224,092 20.44 1 +1
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 1,677,306 15.42 0 ±0
Vox (Vox) 1,215,649 11.17 0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 236,010 2.17 0 ±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 37,333 0.34 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 19,611 0.18 0 ±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 18,250 0.17 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a] 52,491 1.40
Total 10,880,812 4 ±0
Valid votes 3,743,556 98.39
Invalid votes 61,072 1.61
Votes cast / turnout 3,804,628 75.27
Abstentions 1,250,327 24.73
Registered voters 5,054,955
Sources[17]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Blank ballots[a]
Total 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters
Sources[17]

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP)1 2,711,232 35.89 +3.61 3 +2
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 2,645,001 35.01 –5.12 1 –2
United Left (IU) 1,014,834 13.43 +7.20 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 743,820 9.85 –2.98 0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 96,879 1.28 New 0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 60,357 0.80 –1.36 0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV) 45,185 0.60 –0.66 0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 42,641 0.56 New 0 ±0
Regional Party of Madrid (PAM) 23,998 0.32 New 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 22,439 0.30 –0.61 0 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) 19,610 0.26 –0.60 0 ±0
Group of Madrid Radicals (GRM) 13,576 0.18 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 13,378 0.18 –0.45 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 13,346 0.18 New 0 ±0
Natural Culture (CN) 6,633 0.09 –0.09 0 ±0
Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) 5,036 0.07 New 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) 5,016 0.07 New 0 ±0
Communists in the Senate Coalition (CS) 4,871 0.06 New 0 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS) 4,171 0.06 New 0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 4,036 0.05 ±0.00 0 ±0
Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) 3,609 0.05 New 0 ±0
Independent Citizen Group (ACI) 2,846 0.04 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 2,231 0.03 –0.10 0 ±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 2,053 0.03 New 0 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) 1,711 0.02 New 0 ±0
Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD y L) 1,498 0.02 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 1,202 0.02 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a] 43,538 1.60 0.63
Total 7,554,747 4 ±0
Valid votes 2,727,165 97.81 –0.47
Invalid votes 60,938 2.19 +0.47
Votes cast / turnout 2,788,103 75.07 +1.92
Abstentions 925,838 24.93 –1.92
Registered voters 3,713,941
Sources[17]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 2,892,596 40.13 –9.83 3 ±0
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 2,326,802 32.28 +1.60 1 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 924,556 12.83 +8.29 0 ±0
United Left (IU)2 449,054 6.23 +0.70 0 ±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 155,822 2.16 New 0 ±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 105,045 1.46 New 0 ±0
The Greens (LV) 91,107 1.26 New 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 65,821 0.91 –0.18 0 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) 62,126 0.86 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 45,407 0.63 +0.63 0 ±0
National Unity Coalition (CUN) 16,776 0.23 New 0 ±0
Green Alternative List (LAV) 14,824 0.21 New 0 ±0
Natural Culture (CN) 13,036 0.18 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 9,106 0.13 New 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 4,698 0.07 –0.02 0 ±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 3,268 0.05 New 0 ±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 2,499 0.03 New 0 ±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) n/a n/a –4.15 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a] 24,796 0.97
Total 7,207,339 4 ±0
Valid votes 2,557,877 98.28
Invalid votes 44,811 1.72
Votes cast / turnout 2,602,688 73.15
Abstentions 955,240 26.85
Registered voters 3,557,928
Sources[17]
Footnotes:

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3,954,549 49.96 +19.26 3 +1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP–PDP)1 2,428,280 30.68 +21.67 1 +1
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 437,519 5.53 –10.46 0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 359,383 4.54 New 0 ±0
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 328,437 4.15 –25.89 0 –2
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) 92,452 1.17 New 0 ±0
New Force (FN)2 88,000 1.11 –4.00 0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 86,010 1.09 New 0 ±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE) 36,778 0.46 New 0 ±0
Socialist Party (PS)3 27,611 0.35 –0.42 0 ±0
Natural Culture (CN) 21,251 0.27 New 0 ±0
Independent National Party (PNI) 14,161 0.18 New 0 ±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 13,397 0.17 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 13,297 0.17 New 0 ±0
Communist Left Front (FIC) 7,626 0.10 New 0 ±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 6,943 0.09 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 0 0.00 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a]
Total 7,915,694 4 ±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters 3,274,966
Sources[17]
Footnotes:

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 2,016,740 30.70 –26.44 2 –2
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 1,973,368 30.04 +7.84 2 +2
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,050,383 15.99 New 0 ±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2 591,723 9.01 –2.92 0 ±0
National Union (UN)3 335,793 5.11 +3.77 0 ±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)4 181,675 2.77 +0.34 0 ±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE) 114,731 1.75 New 0 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)5 50,404 0.77 –1.38 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 42,207 0.64 New 0 ±0
Republican Left (IR) 36,306 0.55 New 0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) 33,294 0.51 New 0 ±0
Liberal Party (PL) 31,644 0.48 New 0 ±0
Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 21,941 0.33 New 0 ±0
Revolutionary Communist Youth Federation (FJCR) 20,229 0.31 New 0 ±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 14,328 0.22 New 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx–Falangist Unity (FE–UF) 11,935 0.18 New 0 ±0
New National Left (NIN) 7,053 0.11 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots[a] 35,446 1.57
Total 6,569,200 4 ±0
Valid votes 2,250,828 96.94
Invalid votes 71,050 3.06
Votes cast / turnout 2,321,878 73.07
Abstentions 855,854 26.93
Registered voters 3,177,732
Sources[17]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Senators for Democracy (SpD) 2,819,791 40.95 n/a 3 n/a
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 1,529,058 22.20 n/a 0 n/a
People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 1,114,653 16.19 n/a 1 n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 821,378 11.93 n/a 0 n/a
Workers of Madrid (TM) 167,378 2.43 n/a 0 n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 148,229 2.15 n/a 0 n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 92,100 1.34 n/a 0 n/a
Independent Party of Madrid (PIM) 64,546 0.94 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 61.460 0.89 n/a 0 n/a
Spanish Ecologist Party (PEE) 41,901 0.61 n/a 0 n/a
Independent (INDEP) 18,966 0.28 n/a 0 n/a
Confederation of Conservative Parties (CPC) 7,093 0.10 n/a 0 n/a
Blank ballots[a] n/a
Total 6,886,553 4 n/a
Valid votes n/a
Invalid votes n/a
Votes cast / turnout n/a
Abstentions n/a
Registered voters 2,744,152
Sources[17][18]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

References

  1. ^ "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
  3. ^ a b Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
  4. ^ Const. Esp. (1978), tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
  5. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
  6. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. I, art. 2.
  7. ^ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
  9. ^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  11. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
  12. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
  13. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. III, art. 29.
  14. ^ RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
  15. ^ LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
  16. ^ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Elecciones al Senado 15 de junio de 1977". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.

Bibliography

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