Almería (Senate constituency)

For the Congress of Deputies constituency, see Almería (Congress of Deputies constituency). For the Parliament of Andalusia constituency, see Almería (Parliament of Andalusia constituency).

Almería
Senate of Spain Electoral constituency
Location of Almería within Spain
Province	Almería
Autonomous community	Andalusia
Population	763,030 (2024)[1]
Electorate	516,114 (2023)
Major settlements	Almería, Roquetas de Mar, El Ejido
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	4
Member(s)	PP (3)   PSOE (1)

Almería is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Almería. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.^[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado),^[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.^[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.^{[2][3][11][12]} Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[14][15]

Senators

Senators for Almería 1977–
Key to parties   PSOE   DIA   UCD   PP   CP   AP
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	1 3
1st	1979	1 3
	1980	3 1
2nd	1982	3 1
3rd	1986	3 1
4th	1989	3 1
5th	1993	3 1
6th	1996	3 1
7th	2000	1 3
8th	2004	3 1
9th	2008	1 3
10th	2011	1 3
11th	2015	1 3
12th	2016	1 3
13th	2019 (Apr)	3 1
14th	2019 (Nov)	2 2
15th	2023	1 3

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Miguel Ángel Castellón Rubio		PP	128,903	41.14
Y Juan José Matarí Sáez		PP	124,840	39.84
Y Carmen Belén López Zapata		PP	124,056	39.59
Y Antonio Martínez Rodríguez		PSOE	90,828	28.99
• María Teresa Piqueras Valarino		PSOE	89,336	28.51
• Juan Francisco Garrido Egea		PSOE	84,903	27.10
• Germán Arqueros Rodríguez		Vox	64,488	20.58
• Rodrigo Navarro Sánchez		Vox	61,807	19.72
• Emma Montserrat Descalzo Esteban		Vox	61,024	19.47
• Carolina García Tomás		Sumar	23,040	7.35
• José Miguel Ramos Garrido		Sumar	18,194	5.80
• Rafael Esteban Martínez		Sumar	16,960	5.41
• Marina Gil Martínez		PACMA	3,308	1.05
• Inmaculada Gema Burkhardt Pérez		ALM	2,503	0.79
• Manuel Conejero Calvo-Flores		PACMA	2,133	0.68
• Ana Nogales Valenzuela		PACMA	2,015	0.64
• María Dolores Linde Izquierdo		PUM+J	916	0.29
• Isabel María Teva García		Recortes Cero	874	0.27
• Zeus Ismael Rodríguez Fernández		LB	527	0.16
Blank ballots			4,799	1.53
Total			905454
Valid votes			313,282	97.66
Invalid votes			7,495	2.33
Votes cast / turnout			320,777	68.04
Abstentions			150,666	31.95
Registered voters			471443
Sources[16]

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Almería

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Rafael Antonio Hernando Fraile		PP	102,428	34.51
Y Luis Rogelio Rodríguez Comendador Pérez		PP	98,213	33.09
Y Fernando Martínez López		PSOE	87,519	29.49
Y Inés María Plaza García		PSOE	85,827	28.92
• María Rosario Soto Rico		PP	83,337	28.08
• Juan Carlos Pérez Navas		PSOE	82,774	27.89
• Juan José Bonilla López		Vox	72,119	24.30
• Francisco José Ramos Martínez		Cs	28,870	9.73
• Begoña Rojas Gutiérrez		Podemos–IULV–CA	24,592	8.29
• Lourdes García Garzón		Cs	24,382	8.21
• José Enrique Martínez García		Podemos–IULV–CA	21,019	7.08
• Ana Isabel Expósito Fernández		Podemos–IULV–CA	20,826	7.02
• Agustín Canovas Sáez		Cs	19,956	6.72
• María del Carmen Maldonado Ureña		PACMA	5,163	1.74
• Eduardo José Milla Juan		PACMA	3,272	1.10
• Susana Conejero Calvo-Flores		PACMA	3,100	1.04
• Irene Carrión Herrera		Recortes Cero–GV	1,091	0.37
• María Amparo Huertas Mogío		PUM+J	1,083	0.36
• Juan José Sánchez López		PCPA	964	0.32
• María del Pilar del Moral Arroyo		EB	878	0.30
• María Esperanza Criado Agudo		AxSí	849	0.29
• Miguel Ángel Navarro Belmonte		EB	633	0.21
• María Isabel Félix Hidalgo		EB	541	0.18
Blank ballots			5,546	1.87
Total			296,807
Valid votes			296,807	97.36
Invalid votes			8,051	2.64
Votes cast / turnout			304,858	60.65
Abstentions			197,769	39.35
Registered voters			502,627
Sources[17]

April 2019 general election

2016 general election

2015 general election

2011 general election

2008 general election

2004 general election

2000 general election

1996 general election

1993 general election

1989 general election

1986 general election

1982 general election

1980 by-election

1979 general election

1977 general election

References

1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
3. Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
4. Const. Esp. (1978), tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
5. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
6. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. I, art. 2.
7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
8. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
11. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
12. LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
13. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. III, art. 29.
14. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
15. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. Almería". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 August 2020.

Bibliography

• Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 4. 4 January 1977. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-165. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 70. 18 March 1977. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311. 29 December 1978 [latest version]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [latest version]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

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