Gipuzkoa (Senate constituency)

For the Congress of Deputies constituency, see Gipuzkoa (Congress of Deputies constituency). For the Basque Parliament constituency, see Gipuzkoa (Basque Parliament constituency).

Gipuzkoa
Senate of Spain Electoral constituency
Location of Gipuzkoa within Spain
Province	Gipuzkoa
Autonomous community	Basque Country
Population	731,182 (2024)[1]
Electorate	585,873 (2023)
Major settlements	Donostia-San Sebastián, Irún
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	4
Member(s)	EH Bildu (3)   PNV (1)

Gipuzkoa is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Gipuzkoa. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[4]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.^[6][7] Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado),^[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.^[10] 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.^{[2][3][11][12]} Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.^[13]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[14][15]

Senators

Senators for Gipuzkoa 1977–
Key to parties   HB   Amaiur   EHB[a]   EHB[b]   UP   Pod.   EE   PSOE   FA   PNV   PP
Legislature	Election	Distribution
Constituent	1977	1 3
1st	1979	1 3
2nd	1982	1 3
3rd	1986	1 3
4th	1989	3 1
5th	1993	1 3
6th	1996	3 1
7th	2000	3 1
8th	2004	1 3
9th	2008	3 1
10th	2011	3 1
11th	2015	1 3
12th	2016	2 2
13th	2019 (Apr)	1 3
14th	2019 (Nov)	1 3
15th	2023	3 1

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Gorka Elejabarrieta Díaz		EH Bildu	116,659	32.01
Y Olaia Duarte Lopez		EH Bildu	114,874	31.52
Y Mario Zubiaga Garate		EH Bildu	110,537	30.33
Y Luke Uribe-Etxebarria Apalategi		EAJ/PNV	88,515	24.29
• María Mercedes Garmendia Bereciartu		EAJ/PNV	86,256	23.67
• Izaskun Gómez Cermeño		PSE–EE (PSOE)	83,939	23.03
• Rafael Uribarren Axpe		EAJ/PNV	83,358	22.87
• Oscar Valbuena Pascual		PSE–EE (PSOE)	79,122	21.71
• Ana Priede Merchán		PSE–EE (PSOE)	77,925	21.38
• José Carlos García Rodrigo Ameztoy		Sumar	33,524	9.20
• Lidia Muñoz Ucher		Sumar	32,031	8.79
• Javier Cristóbal De Sande		PP	31,057	8.52
• María Garrapiz Rivas		PP	30,474	8.36
• Francisco Javier Fernández de Diego		PP	29,671	8.14
• Inés María Benítez Lozano		Sumar	29,523	8.10
• Pedro Ignacio Gandásegui Agorreta		Vox	6,575	1.80
• Alejandra Moreno Miguel		Vox	6,066	1.66
• Eduardo Rubio Gastón		Vox	5,732	1.57
• Daniel Jiménez Cervera		PACMA	2,192	0.60
• Mónica Beraza Gómez		PACMA	2,070	0.56
• Juan Manuel Esparza Billalabeitia		PACMA	1,463	0.40
• Daniel Lizarralde Aguirre		EB/AZ	1,455	0.39
• Amaya Larrea Loran		EB/AZ	1,355	0.37
• Luis García Molina		EB/AZ	1,071	0.29
• Jakes Iñarra Lasagabaster		PCTE	749	0.20
• Roberto Gómez Egido		Recortes Cero	590	0.16
• Javier Martínez Bárbara		PUM+J	299	0.08
Blank ballots			3,514	0.96
Total			1,060,596
Valid votes			364,368	98.11
Invalid votes			6,995	1.88
Votes cast / turnout			371,363	67.35
Abstentions			179,966	32.64
Registered voters			551,329
Sources[16]

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Gipuzkoa

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y María Isabel Vaquero Montero		EAJ/PNV	120,481	31.90
Y María Mercedes Garmendia Bereciartu		EAJ/PNV	117,205	31.04
Y Luke Uribe-Etxebarria Apalategi		EAJ/PNV	115,120	30.48
Y Gorka Elejabarrieta Díaz		EH Bildu	102,759	27.21
• Olaia Duarte López		EH Bildu	101,206	26.80
• Aitor Ibero Urbieta		EH Bildu	98,450	26.07
• Lucio Hernando Albistegui		PSE–EE (PSOE)	67,177	17.79
• María Jesús Egido Moreno		PSE–EE (PSOE)	66,224	17.54
• Enrique José Ramos Vispo		PSE–EE (PSOE)	64,270	17.02
• Javier Ezkerekotza Pajares		Podemos–IU	46,511	12.32
• Nagore Basurto Escamilla		Podemos–IU	45,694	12.10
• Encarnación Ramos Robles		Podemos–IU	41,699	11.04
• Alejandro Saenz Muriel		PP	25,680	6.80
• Juana de Bengoechea Estrade		PP	24,799	6.57
• Jacobo Caparrós Ruipérez		PP	22,991	6.09
• Carlos María Bell Clerico		Vox	5,946	1.57
• Rocío Galiana Naranjo		Cs	4,796	1.27
• Javier Estévez Videira		Cs	3,927	1.04
• Mercedes Rodríguez Andrés		Cs	3,662	0.97
• Iván Ruiz García		PACMA	3,327	0.88
• Mónica del Río Barrón		PACMA	2,984	0.79
• Jordi Martínez Rigol		Recortes Cero–GV	1,084	0.29
• Agurtzane Iraeta Zabala		PUM+J	964	0.26
• Jakes Iñarra Lasabagaster		PCTE/ELAK	801	0.21
• Luis García Molina		EB/AZ	764	0.20
• María Cruz Pascual Sánchez		EB/AZ	620	0.16
• Luis María Ormaetxea Santsiñena		EB/AZ	579	0.15
Blank ballots			4,007	1.06
Total			377,635
Valid votes			377,635	98.41
Invalid votes			6,091	1.59
Votes cast / turnout			383,726	65.65
Abstentions			200,735	34.35
Registered voters			584,461
Sources[17]

April 2019 general election

2016 general election

2015 general election

2011 general election

2008 general election

2004 general election

2000 general election

1996 general election

1993 general election

1989 general election

1986 general election

1982 general election

1979 general election

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Gipuzkoa

Candidates	Parties and coalitions		Popular vote
			Votes	%
Y Federico Zabala Alcíbar-Jáuregui		FA	169,927
Y Enrique Iparraguirre García		FA	167,294
Y Gregorio Javier Monreal y Cia		FA	167,103
Y Juan María Bandrés Molet		EE	67,978
• José Luis Álvarez Emparanza		ESB/PSV	41,005
• Jorge Oteiza Embil		EE	35,851
• Miguel Castells Adriansens		DCV	32,808
• Eukeni Mirena Lasa Lasa		ESB/PSV	25,752
• Ramón Albistur Esparza		GU	25,330
• José Orbegozo Eguiguren		GU	24,581
• Luis Larrañaga Bilbao		GU	20,430
• Cruz Jáuregui Bereciartúa		EE	20,375
• Eusebio Aguirre Retegui		DCV	19,429
• Pedro María Díaz-Cano Espinosa		DCV	16,425
• Enrique Albizu Perurena		PCE/EPK	16,820
• Luis Aramburu Altuna		PCE/EPK	15,901
• Jaime Mayor Oreja		DIV	12,051
• Álvaro Navajas Laporte		DIV	11,684
Blank ballots
Total
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters			437,592
Sources[18]

Notes

1. From 2023.
2. Until 2023.

References

1. "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
2. Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
3. Const. Esp. (1978), tit. III, ch. I, art. 69.
4. Const. Esp. (1978), tit. VIII, ch. II, art. 141.
5. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. I, art. 2.
6. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. I, art. 2.
7. Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
8. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
9. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
10. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
11. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. II, ch. II, art. 19 & 21.
12. LOREG (1985), tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166.
13. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. III, art. 29.
14. RDL 20/1977 (1977), tit. IV, art. 30–31 & 34.
15. LOREG (1985), tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169.
16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
17. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. Gipuzkoa". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 August 2020.
18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1977. Gipuzkoa". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2020.

Bibliography

• Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 4. 4 January 1977. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-165. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20/1977). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 70. 18 March 1977. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1977-7445. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
• Constitución Española (Spanish Constitution). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 311. 29 December 1978 [latest version]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1978-31229. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [latest version]. ISSN 0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
• Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

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