Eggshell membrane

Eggshell membrane is the clear film lining the chicken eggshell displayed

Eggshell membrane or shell membrane is the clear film lining eggshells, visible when one peels a boiled bird egg. Chicken eggshell membranes are used as a dietary supplement.

Eggshell membrane is derived commercially from the eggshells of industrial processors. In the United States, egg-breaking facilities generate more than 24 billion broken eggshells every year.^[1] There are various ways in which the membrane is separated from the shell, including chemical, mechanical, steam, and vacuum processes. Attachment of the soft organic fibrous membrane to the hard calcite shell is essential for proper chick embryonic development and growth (via ensuring association of the chorioallantoic membrane, and in allowing for air-sac formation at the blunt end of the egg). This attachment between dissimilar materials is facilitated by a structural interdigitation of fibers into each mammillae at the microscale, and reciprocally, at the nanoscale, mineral spiking into fibers directly at the interface^[2]

Composition

Eggshell membrane is primarily composed of fibrous proteins such as collagen type I.^[3] Eggshell membranes also contain glycosaminoglycans, such as dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and sulfated glycoproteins including hexosamines, such as glucosamine. Other components identified in eggshell membranes are hyaluronic acid, sialic acid, desmosine, isodesmosine, ovotransferrin, lysyl oxidase, lysozyme, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase.^[4]

Uses

Shell membrane is mainly used as a dietary supplement in a partially hydrolyzed powder form.^[4]

References

1. "ESM History". ESM Technologies. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
2. Buss, D. J.; Reznikov, N.; McKee, M. D. (2023). "Attaching organic fibers to mineral: The case of the avian eggshell". iScience. 26 (12). Bibcode:2023iSci...26j8425B. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108425. PMC 10687338. PMID 38034363.
3. Wong, M.; Hendrix, M.J.; van der Mark, K.; Little, C.; Stern, R. (July 1984). "Collagen in the egg shell membranes of the hen". Dev Biol. 104 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(84)90033-2. PMID 6203793.
4. Ruff, Kevin J.; DeVore, Dale P.; Leu, Michael D.; Robinson, Mark A. (2009). "Eggshell membrane: A possible new natural therapeutic". Clinical Interventions in Aging. 4: 235–240. doi:10.2147/cia.s5797. PMC 2697588. PMID 19554094.