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December 1979
Month of 1979
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December 24, 1979: Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, begins 9 years of war
The following events occurred in
December 1979:
December 1, 1979 (Saturday)
The
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
(SIUE) Cougars won the NCAA Division I college soccer championship in the U.S., defeating the
Clemson Tigers
, 3 to 2, in
Tampa
.
Danny Shouse
, an American basketball player in the Icelandic professional basketball league scored 100 points for his
Ármann
team of
Reykjavík
in a game against
Skallagrímur
in the city of
Borgarnes
.
Born:
Richard James
, Jamaican sprinter; in
Boston Beach
, Jamaica
[
1
]
December 2, 1979 (Sunday)
The U.S. Embassy in
Libya
was stormed by a crowd of 2,000 demonstrators in
Tripoli
, who knocked down the doors and set fires that caused damage to lower floors, but the American personnel inside were able to escape safely.
[
2
]
Elections were held in Portugal
for the 250 seats of the unicameral
Assembly of the Republic
. Led by
Francisco de Sá Carneiro
, the Aliança Democrática, a coalition of three conservative parties, captured 115 seats and soon added more from other parties for a 128-seat majority.
[
3
]
[
4
]
Two days of voting began in Iran
in a referendum on approval of the new Islamic constitution.
[
5
]
Two days of voting began in Iceland
for the 40 seats of the lower house and the 20 seats of the upper house of Iceland's parliament, the
Althing
, with participation by about 127,000 voters.
[
6
]
The result was rejection of the minority government of Prime Minister
Benedikt Gröndal
and a new government would be formed by
Gunnar Thoroddsen
of the Progressive Party.
Born:
Yvonne Catterfeld
, German singer and actress; in
Erfurt
,
East Germany
December 3, 1979 (Monday)
Eleven people attending a rock concert were trampled to death
during a crowd rush for unreserved seats before
The Who
rock concert at the
Riverfront Coliseum
in
Cincinnati
.
[
7
]
[
8
]
The concert took place as scheduled, 45 minutes later, after coliseum officials determined that the stampede— of people forced up against a locked door— had taken place outside of the arena seating area. Those killed ranged in age from 15 to 24 years old. Lead singer
Roger Daltrey
said in an interview afterward, "I don't think you can point any fingers. They just tried to funnel 17,000 people into three doorways and that was mad."
[
9
]
The
United States dollar
exchange rate
with the
Deutsche Mark
fell to 1.7079 DM, the all-time low so far; this record would not broken until November 5, 1987.
The Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini
became the first Supreme Leader of Iran.
Born:
Robert "Robby" Mook
, American
political strategist
and campaign manager for Hillary's Clinton's 2016 campaign; in
Sharon, Vermont
Daniel Bedingfield
, New Zealand born British singer; in
Auckland
Tiffany Haddish
, American comedian and Grammy Award winner; in
Los Angeles
Died:
Dhyan Chand
, 74, Indian
field hockey
champion and Olympic gold medalist
December 4, 1979 (Tuesday)
U.S. President
Jimmy Carter
announced his intent to run for re-election in the 1980 U.S. presidential elections, and stated that Vice President
Walter Mondale
would again be his running mate.
[
10
]
The Hastie fire in
Kingston upon Hull
in England, killed three boys and began the hunt for
Bruce George Peter Lee
, the UK's most prolific killer.
December 5, 1979 (Wednesday)
The government of Israel released
Bassam Shakaa
, the Palestinian mayor of the city of
Nablus
, 24 days after arresting him on November 11 and ordering his deportation.
[
11
]
In the wake of the arrest, the other mayors of Palestinian cities in the occupied
West Bank
and the
Gaza Strip
had resigned in protest and begun a campaign of civil disobedience against the Israeli government. "Never before in the 12 years of Israeli occupation have Palestinian leaders acted in such unison," a reporter for
The New York Times
wrote, "and never before have they been able to effect such a dramatic reversal by the Israeli military authorities.
[
12
]
A tentative agreement on the future of the white-ruled southern African nation of
Rhodesia
was reached between the British Government and representatives of the Patriotic Front, an alliance of anti-government rebel groups.
[
13
]
Jack Lynch
announced his resignation as
Prime Minister
of the
Republic of Ireland
.
[
14
]
Died:
Sonia Delaunay
, 94, French design artist and co-founder of the
Orphism
movement
December 6, 1979 (Thursday)
Choi Kyu-hah
was overwhelmingly approved as
President of South Korea
by a vote of 2,465 to 84 in a special electoral college assembled in
Seoul
to name a successor to
Park Chung Hee
, who had been assassinated on October 26.
[
15
]
Choi, a former prime minister, had been serving as acting president until an election could be held.
At least 14 people were killed and 60 others injured in
Spain
when an unmanned train crashed into a passenger train that had been halted near
Les Franqueses del Vallès
. Officials of the state-owned company
Renfe Operadora
had switched off the electrical power to prevent the passenger train from getting closer, while trying to stop the crewless train that had rolled out of a station and down a steep grade, and "efforts to stop the runaway train by blocking the line or switching it to a siding failed."
[
16
]
Sixteen people were killed and 10 injured in Argentina in an early morning fire at the Rilke II nightclub in
Rosario
.
[
17
]
The first elections for the
House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
since the Caribbean nation's independence took place, as the
Saint Vincent Labour Party
of Prime Minister
Milton Cato
won 11 of 13 seats.
[
18
]
The next day, Cato declared a state of emergency after a group of armed rebels temporarily seized the airport and the police station on one of the Grenadines,
Union Island
.
The world premiere of
Star Trek: The Motion Picture
was held at the
Smithsonian Institution
in Washington, D.C., before going into nationwide release in the U.S. and Canada the next day.
New York Times
critic
Vincent Canby
commented that the title was superfluous because "I doubt anyone who sees it could possibly confuse this film with those shards of an earlier, simpler, cheaper television era."
[
19
]
Born:
Stephenie LaGrossa, American reality show contestant, in
Philadelphia
,
Pennsylvania
[
20
]
December 7, 1979 (Friday)
South Korea's President
Choi Kyu-hah
revoked "Presidential Emergency Decree Number 9", which had been in place since 1974 when it was implemented by then-president
Park Chung Hee
. Later in the day, the South Korean government released 68 dissidents who had been imprisoned for violating the decree against criticism of the Park government.
[
21
]
Foremost among the dissidents released was
Kim Dae-jung
,
[
22
]
who would later become President of South Korea in 1998.
The
Satcom III communications satellite
became useless, 12 hours after its launch the night before, when an attempt to place it into a permanent
geosynchronous orbit
failed. At 1:57 p.m. Eastern time (1857 UTC), technicians at the RCA Corporation sent the command to fire a small engine to place the $20,000,000 Satcom III to a point 22,300 miles (35,900 km) above the Pacific Ocean, then lost communication with the craft.
[
23
]
With capacity for 24 relay channels, Satcom III was set to receive and forward transmissions from various companies to cable service providers.
[
24
]
Born:
Sara Bareilles
, American singer-songwriter; in
Eureka, California
Eric Bauza
, Canadian voice actor; in
Scarborough, Ontario
Jennifer Carpenter
, American TV actress; in
Louisville, Kentucky
Died:
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
, 79, British-born American astronomer known for her discovery of the composition of stars
Shahriar Shafiq
, 34, Iranian prince and former Iranian Navy captain, was shot and killed in
Paris
while walking along the Rue de la Villa Dupont. Shafiq, a nephew of the recently deposed Shah of Iran and son of the Shah's twin sister, Princess Ashraf, was returning home from grocery shopping when a gunman walked up to him and fired two 9mm bullets into his head. The Islamic Revolutionary Tribunal, which had sentenced Shafiq to death
in absentia
, took responsibility for the assassination.
[
25
]
December 8, 1979 (Saturday)
The government of
Indonesia
released 2,045 prisoners who had been detained since
an unsuccessful coup d'état attempt
in 1965 against the regime of President
Sukarno
. Another 61 political prisoners, described as by the Indonesian government as "hard core Communists", were held for trial to take place in 1980.
[
26
]
The U.S. state of
Louisiana
elected their first Republican governor in more than a century, as U.S. Representative
David C. Treen
defeated Democrat Louis Lambert in a runoff election. At the time, registered Democratic Party voters outnumbered registered Republicans by a ratio of 22 to 1, but Lambert's opponents in the Democratic primary had endorsed Treen in the runoff election.
[
27
]
Born:
Ingrid Michaelson
, American singer-songwriter, in
New York City
[
28
]
Died:
Robert Hocq
, 62, French business executive who purchased and revived the ailing Cartier jewelry firm, was killed while crossing the street outside of his office in Paris.
[
29
]
December 9, 1979 (Sunday)
The Arab nation of
Libya
, led by
Muammar Gaddafi
, broke relations with the
Palestinian Liberation Organization
(PLO) and closed its bureau in
Tripoli
, after PLO officials resisted Gaddafi's insistence that the Palestinian representatives rely predominantly on guerrilla warfare to achieve their goals against
Israel
.
[
30
]
The break came after Gaddafi had called on Palestinian commandos in the more radical
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
(PFLP) to destroy the
Suez Canal
in Egypt and to wreck Egyptian oil fields in retaliation for Egypt's peace accords with Israel.
Bishop Sheen on his program
Life Is Worth Living
Died:
Fulton J. Sheen
, 84, American Roman Catholic Archbishop and television evangelist
[
31
]
December 10, 1979 (Monday)
The
Kaohsiung Incident
took place in
Taiwan
when police in the city of
Kaohsiung
blocked a rally in observation of the United Nations'
Human Rights Day
and a crowd of about 10,000 protesters. Eight opposition leaders, associated with the political magazine
Formosa
, were arrested. At the time, the
Kuomintang
was the only legal political party in Taiwan, formally the Republic of China.
[
32
]
[
33
]
For the first time since the beginning of the
Iran Hostage Crisis
, one of the U.S. Embassy personnel in detention was allowed to be interviewed by the American press. U.S. Marine Sergeant William Gallegos, a guard at the besieged embassy in
Tehran
, was selected by his student captors to be questioned by George Lewis and Fred Francis of
NBC Nightly News
, and said that "The students here have been really good to us," adding "It's hard to believe, I know. We haven't been asked any questions as to what we're doing here, what really our job was. All of us can see each other. Everybody's O.K."
[
34
]
South Africa
's white minority government partially relaxed some of its regulations under its
apartheid
policy of racial segregation, declaring that private businesses such as hospitals and drive-in theaters no longer had to renew permits allowing the admission of non-White customers.
[
35
]
December 11, 1979 (Tuesday)
Taoiseach Charles Haughey
[
36
]
Charles Haughey
was elected by the
Dáil Éireann
(lower house of Ireland's bicameral parliament) as the new
Taoiseach
, or prime minister, of Ireland to replace Jack Lynch. In a vote along party lines, Haughey, leader of the
Fianna Fáil
political party, was approved by a margin of 82 to 62, with the opposition coming from the
Fine Gael
party and its leader,
Garret FitzGerald
.
[
37
]
The multi-racial parliament of
Zimbabwe Rhodesia
voted, 90 to 0, to renounce the 1965 declaration of independence made by the white colonial government that had established the British colony of Southern Rhodesia as an independent nation.
[
38
]
The vote was the last legal step to return Southern Rhodesia to colonial status, in conjunction with the ceasefire agreement worked out to end the Rhodesian Civil War, and for Lord
Christopher Soames
to become the first British Governor of Southern Rhodesia in more than 14 years.
[
39
]
Born:
Rider Strong
, American TV actor and film director; in
San Francisco
Died:
James J. Gibson
, 75, American psychologist known for his theory of
ecological psychology
in visual perception
December 12, 1979 (Wednesday)
The
NATO Double-Track Decision
was made as members of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
decided to propose to the
Warsaw Pact
nations a mutual limitation of medium-range ballistic missiles and intermediate-range ballistic missiles combined.
[
40
]
The offer was coupled with the threat that, in case of disagreement, NATO would deploy more middle-range nuclear weapons in Western Europe. This followed the so-called "
Euromissile Crisis
".
[
41
]
The 8.2
M
w
Tumaco earthquake
shook
Colombia
and
Ecuador
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
of IX (
Violent
), killing at least 300 people and generating a large tsunami.
[
42
]
The 10 foot (3.0 m) high tsunami reportedly swept away the people in six fishing villages along the Colombian coast.
[
43
]
South Korean Army
Major General
Chun Doo-hwan
, Chief of Army Security Command, ordered the
unauthorized arrest
of the Army Chief of Staff, General
Jeong Seung-hwa
and several other generals after alleging their involvement in the assassination of ex-President
Park Chung Hee
. General Jeong's bodyguards engaged in a gunbattle with Chun's soldiers at the Defense Ministry headquarters and three people were killed, with four others seriously wounded before Jeong was taken into custody.
[
44
]
[
45
]
General Chun followed with a demand that Prime Minister Shin fill the vacancies, left by the arrest of 16 senior officers, with men of Chun's choice.
[
46
]
[
47
]
The unrecognized state of
Zimbabwe Rhodesia
returned to British control and resumed using the name
Southern Rhodesia
.
[
48
]
December 13, 1979 (Thursday)
Prime Minister Clark
[
49
]
The Progressive Conservative Party government of Canada's Prime Minister
Joe Clark
, installed less than seven months earlier, lost a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons by six votes, 139 to 133, after "its failure to make good on its promises to cut taxes and stimulate the economy." Clark then announced that he would ask Governor General
Edward Schreyer
to call for new elections to be held in February.
[
50
]
[
51
]
The vote came a day after the government excise tax on a gallon of fuel was increased another 18 cents per gallon immediately as a means of curbing energy use, and an announcement that a 12 cent increase would be added on January 1.
[
52
]
Shin Hyun-hwak
became the new
Prime Minister of South Korea
after being nominated by President (and former Prime Minister) Choi Kyu-hah and confirmed by the National Assembly.
[
53
]
Died:
Jon Hall
(stage name for Charles Locher), 64, American film and television actor known for the series
Ramar of the Jungle
December 14, 1979 (Friday)
East Germany
completed a 68-day amnesty program that it had started on October 7, 1979, the 30th anniversary of the creation of the German Democratic Republic from the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Communist government announced that during the amnesty period, 21,928 prisoners, or more than two-thirds of the incarcerated population, had been set free. Excluded from consideration were "murderers, war criminals, people convicted of brutal crimes and those jailed under international agreements".
[
54
]
Born:
Chris Cheng
, American marksman and
sport shooter
; in
Mission Viejo, California
Michael Owen
, English soccer football striker and national team member; in
Chester
,
Cheshire
December 15, 1979 (Saturday)
The former
Shah of Iran
,
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
, quietly departed the United States after the Republic of
Panama
agreed to accept him.
[
55
]
The Shah and his family were flown to Contadora Island, one of the Pearl Islands roughly 35 miles (56 km) from the Panamanian coast.
[
56
]
In a harbinger of the failure of the European Space Agency's plans to launch a rocket into orbit, a test-firing of the
Ariane
rocket's engines ended abruptly with an automatic shutdown.
[
57
]
Born:
Adam Brody
, American television and film actor; in
San Diego
Died:
Ethel Lackie
, 72, American swimmer and 1924 Olympic gold medalist
December 16, 1979 (Sunday)
The United States ended its embargo against Rhodesia for imports and exports after 14 years.
[
58
]
Born:
Trevor Immelman
, South African professional golfer and 2008 Masters Tournament champion; in
Cape Town
Daniel Narcisse
, French
team handball
player and national team member; in
Saint-Denis, Réunion
island
Died:
Vagif Mustafazadeh
, 39, Soviet Azerbaijani jazz musician
December 17, 1979 (Monday)
American film stuntman
Stan Barrett
became the first person to travel
faster than the speed of sound on land
, reaching
Mach
1.01 when he attained a maximum velocity of 739.666 miles per hour (1,190.377 km/h) in a 60,000 horsepower rocket-powered vehicle on
Rogers Dry Lake
at California's
Edwards Air Force Base
. Under conditions at the time, with a temperature of 20 °F (−7 °C), the speed of sound was 731.9 miles per hour (1,177.9 km/h).
[
59
]
Born:
Jaimee Foxworth
, American TV actress; in
Belleville, Illinois
December 18, 1979 (Tuesday)
The Roman Catholic Church issued a censure against a liberal Swiss theologian and priest, Father
Hans Küng
, for his continued questioning of "age old tenets of the Roman Catholic faith."
[
60
]
Father Küng, a professor at Germany's
University of Tübingen
, was named specifically in a
Vatican
declaration written in
Latin
and signed by Cardinal
Franjo Šeper
,
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
, declaring that "this sacred congregation by reason of its duty is constrained to declare that Professor Hans Küng, in his writings, has departed from the integral truth of Catholic faith, and therefore he can no longer be considered a Catholic theologian nor function as such in a teaching role."
[
61
]
The Black Hole
, the first Walt Disney Productions film to ever receive a parental guidance (PG) rating, premiered in the United Kingdom (with an "A" rating)
[
62
]
and was released in the United States and Canada three days later. With a total budget of $26 million for production and promotion, the film was the most expensive produced by the Disney studios up to that time.
December 19, 1979 (Wednesday)
The United States Senate followed the previous approval of the U.S. House of Representatives and voted, 53 to 44, to pass the
Chrysler Corporation
Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 to authorize the financial rescue of the ailing U.S. automobile manufacturer.
[
63
]
U.S. President Carter signed the bill into law on January 7 to authorize a 1.5 billion dollar government loan.
Mudar Badran
resigned as
Prime Minister of Jordan
and was replaced by
Abdelhamid Sharaf
, a former Jordanian Ambassador to the U.S.
[
64
]
Badran, though only 40, died of a heart attack less than eight months later, on July 4, 1980.
[
65
]
Siegfried Haag
, a former lawyer and member of the
Red Army Faction
terrorist group in
West Germany
, was sentenced to 15 years in prison. He would be released seven years later because of illness.
The Academy Award-winning film
Kramer vs. Kramer
, starring
Dustin Hoffman
and
Meryl Streep
as a divorcing couple fighting over custody of their child, was released nationwide in the United States.
New York Times
critic
Vincent Canby
described it as "one of those rare American movies that never have to talk importantly and self-consciously to let you know that it has to do with many more things than are explicitly stated."
[
66
]
December 20, 1979 (Thursday)
The first advanced
maneuverable reentry vehicle
ballistic missile, the AMaRV, was launched as the payload of a U.S.
Minuteman I
and was capable of autonomously adjusting its trajectory during its descent in order to reach its target.
A military court in
South Korea
sentenced seven men, led by former Korean Central Intelligence Agency director
Kim Jae-kyu
, to be executed for the October 26 assassination of President
Park Chung Hee
. Kim, who shot President Park to death during a banquet, told the court, "I do not wish to beg for my life, as I have found a cause to die for. My motive was a wish to establish a foundation for peaceful changes of government in the future."
[
67
]
December 21, 1979 (Friday)
Documents for a
ceasefire
in the
Rhodesian Civil War
were signed at the
Lancaster House
in
London
, to take effect on December 28. Bishop
Abel Muzorewa
, the Prime Minister of the biracial government that had been elected in
Zimbabwe Rhodesia
signed on behalf of the colonial government, while
Robert Mugabe
of the
Zimbabwe African National Union
and
Joshua Nkomo
of the
Zimbabwe African People's Union
signed for the Patriotic Front guerrilla group.
[
68
]
For the first time since the founding of the
People's Republic of China
, the Communist government permitted the public ceremonies for consecration of a religious leader, as Bishop
Michael Fu Tieshan
was certified as the Roman Catholic Bishop of Beijing by the Communist government. Bishop Fu, leader of the government-approved
Catholic Patriotic Association
, was consecrated by eight Roman Catholic bishops from other dioceses, all of whom wore "traditional church vestments". The ceremony was not recognized by the Vatican, however, since Fu was elected by his parishioners rather than selected by the Roman Catholic Church.
[
69
]
The
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing
would be reactivated by the Vatican in 1989.
At least 43 bus passengers in the Philippines were killed while traveling home for the Christmas holiday, after the driver missed a detour and drove the vehicle off of a collapsed bridge. The bus, operated by Philippine National Railways (PNR) fell into the Marana River, near
Ilagan City
, when it reached a concrete bridge whose center span had been washed away by
Typhoon Vera
.
[
70
]
The record for most consecutive games played in the National Hockey League, held by
Garry Unger
of the
Atlanta Flames
, stopped at 914 in a row when Flames' coach
Al MacNeil
benched Unger, marking the first time since February 24, 1968, that Unger had not appeared in a scheduled NHL game.
[
71
]
The benching came on the same day that a reporter for the local
Atlanta Constitution
spoke of Unger's "selfish reputation" and wrote that the mark "seems only to dig up more talk about his lack of team play each game the streak is mentioned."
[
72
]
Unger's record would stand for seven more years until December 26, 1986, when surpassed by
Doug Jarvis
of the
Hartford Whalers
.
[
73
]
December 22, 1979 (Saturday)
In the U.S., the acquisition of
National Airlines
company by
Pan American World Airways
was approved by President Jimmy Carter upon recommendation of the
Civil Aeronautics Board
, bringing an end to the 45-year old airline brand. All of National's flights and aircraft were re-branded as Pan Am, which became the fourth-largest air carrier in the U.S.
[
74
]
Zanuck
Died:
Darryl F. Zanuck
, 77, American film producer and studio executive, winner of three Academy Awards for Best Picture (for
How Green Was My Valley
,
Gentleman's Agreement
and
All About Eve
)
[
75
]
December 23, 1979 (Sunday)
Only four people survived the crash of a
Turkish Airlines
flight that killed 41 people during its approach to
Ankara
at the end of its trip from
Samsun
. The Fokker F-28 jet struck a hillside near the village of
Kuyumcuköy
after deviating from its course.
[
76
]
[
77
]
All 16 people on board a Douglas Airways
GAF Nomad
airplane were killed in
Papua New Guinea
when the two-engine propeller-driven aircraft over-ran the runway at the airport in
Manari
and plunged down a steep embankment. The flight had originated in
Port Moresby
.
[
78
]
[
79
]
The highest aerial tramway in Europe, the
Klein Matterhorn
, opened.
Born:
Jacqueline Bracamontes
, Mexican beauty pageant titlist and actress; in
Guadalajara
Kenny Miller
, Scottish soccer football striker and national team member; in
Edinburgh
Died:
Peggy Guggenheim
, 81, American
modern art
collector
[
80
]
December 24, 1979 (Monday)
A replica of the
Ariane 1
rocket on display
The
European Space Agency
, financed primarily by France and nine other Western European nations, placed a rocket into Earth orbit for the first time as the unmanned
Ariane 1
was launched from the
Guiana Space Centre
near
Kourou
in
French Guiana
.
[
81
]
[
82
]
The
Soviet Union
invaded Afghanistan
with 6,000 combat troops of the
40th Soviet Army
were flown into the Asian nation, to prepare to replace
PDPA
general secretary
Hafizullah Amin
, who had fallen out of favor with Soviet leadership. Within three days, the troops invaded the capital city of
Kabul
to carry out a bloody coup d'état to kill Amin and replace him with
Babrak Karmal
. The invasion began a war that would last for more than nine years.
[
83
]
Died:
Rudi Dutschke
, 39, West German political activist, from injuries sustained in a 1968 shooting. Known as "Red Rudi", Dutschke, who had been shot in the head on April 11, 1968, suffered frequent seizures and drowned in a bathtub while visiting friends in the city of
Aarhus
in
Denmark
.
[
84
]
December 25, 1979 (Tuesday)
All 28 crewmen of the Taiwanese freighter
Lee Wang Zin
were killed when the 714 foot (218 m) Taiwanese ore freighter capsized off the coast of the Canadian province of
British Columbia
.
[
85
]
The
U.S. Embassy hostages in Iran
were allowed by their captors to have Christmas services, as three U.S. clergymen and a French-born Algerian archbishop spent five hours with the hostages.
[
86
]
Died:
Joan Blondell
(Rose Joan Bluestein), 73, American film and television actress
[
87
]
December 26, 1979 (Wednesday)
In
Rhodesia
, 96 Patriotic Front guerrillas entered the capital
Salisbury
to monitor a ceasefire scheduled to begin December 28.
[
88
]
Born:
Dmitriy Vassiliev
, Russian ski jumper; in
Ufa
,
Bashkir ASSR
,
Soviet Union
Died:
Helmut Hasse
, 81, German mathematician for whom 12 mathematical functions are named, including the
Hasse diagram
, the
Hasse norm theorem
, and
Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves
Josiah Tongogara
, 41, Zimbabwean guerrilla leader of the
Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
, the military wing of Robert Mugabe's
Zimbabwe African National Union
, was reportedly killed in an automobile accident in
Mozambique
while on his way to
Rhodesia
supervise the duties assigned to his troops as a part of the recent ceasefire.
[
89
]
Tongogara was passenger in a car that was driving him from
Maputo
to his headquarters in
Chimoio
, where he would have then crossed the border into
Umtali
. Near the Mozambican city of
Massinga
, Tongogara's vehicle crashed into a truck that had been abandoned on the road.
December 27, 1979 (Thursday)
Hafizullah Amin
, who had been the Communist leader of
Afghanistan
's People's Democratic Party, and General Secretary of the
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
(PDPA), since September 14, was overthrown in a coup d'état, put on trial before a revolutionary tribunal for "crimes against the state", and executed. Former Prime Minister
Babrak Karmal
, who had been in exile in Czechoslovakia, flew into
Kabul
to become the new Party General Secretary and leader. The coup came with the support of Soviet Red Army combat troops who had been flown in to Afghanistan earlier in the week. Plans to replace Amin had started after the September coup, when Soviet ally
Noor Mohammad Taraki
had been overthrown and killed. The Soviet press agency
TASS
broadcast a speech on Radio Kabul declaring that "Today is the breaking of the machine of torture of Amin and his henchmen, wild butchers, usurpers and murderers of tens of thousands of our countrymen, and added that Amin and "his stooges" had been "agents of American imperialism."
[
90
]
Ten inmates died in a fire at the Lancaster County Jail in
Lancaster, South Carolina
, and eight more were injured before the blaze was extinguished. The fire started at 6:00 in the evening on the second floor of the 150-year-old building that had been designed by famous American architect
Robert Mills
.
[
91
]
[
92
]
26-year-old Richard Keith Job of
Hastings, New York
, fell 400 feet (120 m) to his death while standing on the snow-covered edge of the
Rim Trail
in
Grand Canyon National Park
.
[
93
]
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo
, the first female
Prime Minister of Portugal
, submitted her resignation to President
António Ramalho Eanes
, clearing the way for a new government to be formed by election victor
Francisco de Sá Carneiro
.
[
94
]
[
95
]
Sam Rutigliano
of the
Cleveland Browns
who took his team to a winning 9–7 record thanks to their amazing miracle finishes and without their star running back
Greg Pruitt
was named the United Press International
AFC
Coach of the Year.
December 28, 1979 (Friday)
A freak accident killed six employees and injured 12 more at the
Jones & Laughlin Steel Company
, when a ventilation fan suddenly stopped turning and the workers were overcome by carbon monoxide from a blast furnace. Among the dead were people who attempted to close a valve to stop the flow of the deadly gas.
[
96
]
Jack Pardee
of the
Washington Redskins
who took a hodgepodge team of free agents and trade acquisitions to a 10–6 record and within a few seconds of making it to the
NFL Playoffs
was named the
United Press International
NFC
coach of the year.
Born:
Rob Stewart
, Canadian documentary filmmaker and conservationist; in
Toronto
,
Ontario
, Canada (d. 2017)
Died:
Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly
, 75, President of the Dominican Republic from 1962 to 1963
[
97
]
December 29, 1979 (Saturday)
The
"State Sponsors of Terrorism List"
was introduced by the U.S. Department of State and identified four nations in the Middle East—
Syria
,
Libya
,
Iraq
and
South Yemen
— as countries subject to diplomatic sanctions for their continuing sponsorship of international terrorism. Syria would remain on the list more than 40 years later; as of 2021, the other nations on the list are
Iran
,
Cuba
and
North Korea
.
December 30, 1979 (Sunday)
Time
magazine announced that it had selected the
Ayatollah Khomeini
as its
"Man of the Year"
for 1979, to appear on the cover of its issue dated January 7, 1980, describing him as the individual who "has done the most to change the news, for better or worse." The magazine added that "As the leader of Iran's revolution he gave the 20th century world a frightening lesson in the shattering power of irrationality, of the ease with which terrorism can be adopted as government policy," and that "The revolution that he led to triumph threatens to upset the world balance of power more than any other political event since Hitler's conquest of Europe."
[
98
]
Born:
Flávio Amado
, Angolan soccer football striker and national team member; in
Luanda
Rodgers
Died:
Richard Rodgers
, 77 American
musical
composer and the first person to win the Tony, Oscar, Grammy and Emmy awards, as well as the Pulitzer Prize; as part of the team of
Rodgers and Hart
and then
Rodgers and Hammerstein
, he composed the music for the songs in
Oklahoma!
,
South Pacific
,
The Sound of Music
and other successful musicals
[
99
]
December 31, 1979 (Monday)
The
Eiffel Tower
, operated since 1889 as a private business by the
Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel
, came under the control of the city of
Paris
and to a management group of private investors.
[
100
]
Born:
Bob Bryar
, American musician, drummer of
My Chemical Romance
, in
Chicago
(d. 2024)
[
101
]
Elaine Cassidy
, Irish TV and film actress; in
Raheny
,
County Dublin
Josh Hawley
, conservative U.S. Senator (R-Missouri); in
Springdale, Arkansas
References
^
"Richard James"
.
worldathletics.org
.
^
"Embassy of the U.S. in Libya Is Stormed by a Crowd of 2,000",
The New York Times
, December 3, 1979, p. A1
^
"Democratic Alliance Scores Victory in Portugal's Voting", by James M. Markham,
The New York Times
, December 3, 1979, p. A1
^
"Center-Right Lisbon Party Has 3-Seat Parliament Edge",
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A15
^
"Iran Charter Gets Expected Landslide", by John Kifner,
The New York Times
, December 4, 1979, p. A1
^
"Icelandic Voting Leaves Fight on Inflation Unresolved",
The New York Times
, December 5, 1979, p. A3
^
"Stampede Kills 11 Persons At Coliseum Rock Concert",
Cincinnati Enquirer
, December 4, 1979, p.1
^
"11 Killed and 8 Badly Hurt in Crush Before Rock Concert in Cincinnati",
The New York Times
, December 4, 1979, p. A1
^
"Who's Daltrey Feels Helpless, Guiltless", by Tom Brinkmoeller,
Cincinnati Enquirer
, December 5, 1979, p.1
^
"Carter, Without Fanfare, Declares He Is Candidate for a Second Term", by Terence Smith,
The New York Times
, December 5, 1979, p. A1
^
"Move to Oust Mayor Reversed by Israel— Freed Leader of Nablus Returns to West Bank Town in Triumph", by David K. Shipler,
The New York Times
, December 6, 1979, p. A1
^
"West Bank Arabs, Exultant About Mayor, See New Power", by David K. Shipler,
The New York Times
, December 7, 1979, p. A2
^
"British and Rebels Agree on Cease-Fire in the Rhodesia War", by R. W. Apple, Jr.,
The New York Times
, December 6, 1979, p. A1
^
"Irish Prime Minister Will Resign Monday",
The New York Times
, December 6, 1979, p. A22
^
"Acting Seoul Leader, by Big Vote, Wins Endorsement of Presidency".
The New York Times
. December 6, 1979. p. A8.
^
"14 Killed and 60 Injured In Train Crash in Spain".
The New York Times
. December 7, 1979. p. A13.
^
"Blaze in Argentine Club Kills 16 and Injures 10".
The New York Times
. December 7, 1979. p. A2.
^
"St. Vincent Election Is Won By Moderate Political Party".
The New York Times
. December 7, 1979. p. A6.
^
Canby, Vincent
(December 8, 1979). "The Screen: 'Star Trek,' Based on TV".
The New York Times
. p. A14.
^
"Stephanie - Survivor Cast Member"
.
ViacomCBS
. Retrieved
5 August
2022
.
^
"Seoul Lifts Decree Outlawing Dissent".
The New York Times
. December 8, 1979. p. A2.
^
"Korean Dissident Says He Feared for His Life While Jailed".
The New York Times
. December 11, 1979. p. A2.
^
"RCA Loses Contact with New Satellite".
The New York Times
. December 11, 1979. p. A21.
^
Holsendolph, Ernest (December 2, 1979). "Religious Broadcasts Bring Rising Revenues And Create Rivalries".
The New York Times
. p. I-1.
^
Prial, Frank J.
(December 8, 1979). "Nephew of the Shah Is Slain in Paris".
The New York Times
. p. A1.
^
"Indonesia Frees 2,045 Held Since 1965 Coup Plot",
The New York Times
, December 9, 1979, p. I-19
^
"Republican Treen Apparent Victor In Runoff for Louisiana Governor",
The New York Times
, December 9, 1979, p. I-26
^
Ratiner, Tracie (May 2010).
Contemporary Musicians
. Cengage Gale.
ISBN
978-0-7876-9617-7
.
^
"Car kills executive",
Chicago Tribune
, December 10, 1979, p. 1-9
^
"Libya Reportedly Expels PLO Official— Seals Off Bureau in Capital, Guerrilla Spokesman Says",
Los Angeles Times
, December 10, 1979, p. I-7
^
"Archbishop Sheen, Who Preached To Millions Over TV, Is Dead at 84", by George Dugan,
The New York Times
, December 10, 1979, p. A1
^
"10,000 in Taiwan City Clash With Police on Rights Issue",
The New York Times
, December 11, 1979, p. A5
^
"Taiwan Regime Arrests 14 Foes",
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A12
^
"Marine, on TV, Talks of Captives' Life in Embassy", by Wolfgang Saxon,
The New York Times
, December 11, 1979, p. A1
^
"South Africans Are Easing Some Segregation Rules",
The New York Times
, December 11, 1979, p. A5
^
attribution: Dutch National Archives
^
"Haughey Is Elected Irish Premier",
The New York Times
, December 12, 1979, p. A8
^
"Rhodesia Prepares to Be Colony Again", by John F. Burns,
The New York Times
, December 12, 1979, p. A7
^
"Britain Governor Flies to Rhodesia Without a Truce",
The New York Times
, December 12, 1979, p. A6
^
"NATO Approves Plan to Install Missiles and Promote Talks", by Flora Lewis,
The New York Times
, December 13, 1979, p. A1
^
"NATO Offers New Plan for Reducing Forces in Europe", by Flora Lewis,
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A3
^
"133 Die as Quake Strikes Colombia-Ecuador Border",
The New York Times
, December 13, 1979, p. A17
^
"Rains Bar Relief Flights After Colombian Quake",
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A15
^
"Korean Army Ruler Seized in Park Case After a Gun Battle",
The New York Times
, by John F. Burns, December 13, 1979, p. A1
^
"7 Top Generals Are Held in Seoul; Military Power Struggle Seen", by Henry Scott Stokes,
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A1
^
"Korean General Filling Key Posts With His Men to Bolster Power", by Henry Scott Stokes,
The New York Times
, December 15, 1979, p. A1
^
"Seoul Detains General in Sedition Plot",
The New York Times
, December 24, 1979, p. A4
^
"Rhodesia Restored to Colonial Status— British Governor Arrives to Take Control Pending New Election",
The New York Times
, December 13, 1979, p. A1
^
attribution:Jeremy Gilbert
^
"Canadian Government Is Defeated On No-Confidence Budget Motion— Prime Minister Clark, in Office 6 Months, Is Expected to Resign Today", by Henry Giniger,
The New York Times
, December 14, 1979, p. A1
^
"Tories toppled on budget", by Ron Clingen,
Ottawa Journal
, December 14, 1979, p.1
^
"Ouch! Gas up 18¢ now, 12¢ more in '80",
Ottawa Journal
, December 10, 1979, p. 8
^
"New South Korea Premier Named",
The New York Times
, December 11, 1979, p. A2
^
"21,928 Reported Freed From East German Prisons",
The New York Times
, December 18, 1979, p. A6
^
"Shah Goes to Panama, Iran Plans 'Spy Trials'— Offer of Sanctuary Called Effort to Help U.S. but Outlook Is Unclear", by Bernard Gwertzman,
The New York Times
, December 16, 1979, p. A1
^
"Pacific Resort Isle New Haven of Shah— Arriving From Texas, He Is Flown by Helicopter to Contadora",
The New York Times
, December 16, 1979, p. A13
^
"Europe Space Agency Fails to Loft a Rocket On Its First Test Flight", by John Noble Wilford,
The New York Times
, December 16, 1979, p. A16
^
"U.S. to End Embargo on Rhodesia Today", by Linda Greenhouse,
The New York Times
, December 16, 1979, p. A11
^
"Stunt Man Breaks Sound Barrier on Land",
The New York Times
, December 18, 1979, p. A1
^
"Prominent Theologian Censured by Vatican For His Liberal Views", by Paul Hoffman,
The New York Times
, December 19, 1979, p. A1
^
"Texts of Vatican Declaration and Priest's Statement",
The New York Times
, December 19, 1979, p. A8
^
"70mm at the Odeon Leicester Sq, London", by Nigel Wolland, 70mm.com (January 1, 2012)
^
"Senate, by 53 to 44, Backs Chrysler Aid; Interim Help Loses",
The New York Times
, December 20, 1979, p. A1
^
"Hussein Selects Ex-Envoy As New Prime Minister",
The New York Times
, December 20, 1979, p. A9
^
"Jordan premier Sharaf dies of heart attack at 41", UPI report in
Boston Globe
, July 4, 1980, p. 8
^
"Screen: 'Kramer vs. Kramer'", by Vincent Canby,
The New York Times
, December 19, 1979, p. C23
^
"Korea Sentences 7 To Die for Murder of President Park",
The New York Times
, December 20, 1979, p. A1
^
"Rhodesians Sign Peace After a 7-Year War", by William Borders,
The New York Times
, December 22, 1979, p. A1
^
"China Permits Public Rite Consecrating a New Catholic Bishop in Peking", by James P. Sterba,
The New York Times
, December 22, 1979, p. A3
^
"43 Die in Philippines as Bus Falls Into Collapsed Span",
The New York Times
, December 22, 1979, p. A4
^
"Flames' Streak Begins, 7-3; Unger's Streak Ends at 914", by Thomas Tucker,
Atlanta Constitution
, December 23, 1979, p. 1D
^
"Unger's Pains Grow With Streak", by Al Smith,
Atlanta Constitution
, December 21, 1979, p. 1D
^
"Jarvis Irons Out a Record— 915th Game in Row",
Los Angeles Times
, December 27, 1986, p.III-4
^
"President Gives Final Approval To Pan Am and National Merger",
The New York Times
, December 23, 1979, p. A12
^
"Darryl F. Zanuck, Flamboyant Film Producer, Dead", by Janet Maslin,
The New York Times
, December 24, 1979, p. A12
^
Aviation Safety Network
^
"Turkish Airliner Hits Hill, Apparently Killing 39",
The New York Times
, December 24, 1979, p. A6
^
"Plane Crash in New Guinea Leaves 15 Persons Dead",
The New York Times
, December 24, 1979, p. A6
^
Aviation Safety Network
^
"Peggy Guggenheim Is Dead at 81; Known for Modern Art Collection",
The New York Times
, December 24, 1979, p. A1
^
"Europe finally successful, puts rocket into Earth orbit",
San Francisco Examiner
, December 25, 1979, p. 14
^
"European Space Program Has First Successful Test",
Los Angeles Times
, December 25, 1979, p. I-5
^
"Soviet Display of Flexibility", by Drew Middleton,
The New York Times
, December 28, 1979, p. A1
^
"Rudi Dutschke, 39; Led Student Rebels",
The New York Times
, December 26, 1979, p. B14
^
"Diver Finds No One Alive; Freighter to Be Scuttled",
The New York Times
, December 31, 1979, p. A7
^
"4 Clergymen Hold Christmas Services for Iran Hostages", by John Kifner,
The New York Times
, December 25, 1979, p. A1
^
"Joan Blondell, Actress, Dies at 70; Often Played Wisecracking Blonde",
The New York Times
, December 26, 1979, p. B14
^
"Rhodesia Rebels Get Tumultuous Welcome Home", by John F. Burns,
The New York Times
, December 27, 1979, p. A1
^
"A Rebel General and 3 Britons Die, Complicating Rhodesia Peace Bid",
The New York Times
, December 28, 1979, p. A3
^
"Afghan President is Ousted and Executed in Kabul Coup, Reportedly with Soviet Help".
The New York Times
. December 28, 1979. p. A1.
^
Ledbetter, Les (December 28, 1979). "Carolina Blaze Kills 10 Inmates Of Historic Jail".
The New York Times
. p. A14.
^
Peterson, Iver (December 28, 1979). "For Want of a Key, 10 Inmates Die In South Carolina County Jail Fire".
The New York Times
. p. A8.
^
Ghiglieri, Michael P.; Myers, Thomas M. (2016).
Over the Edge: Death in Grand Canyon
(Second ed.).
Flagstaff, Arizona
: Puma Press, LLC.
ISBN
978-0-9847858-0-3
.
^
"Portuguese Prime Minister Hands In Her Resignation".
The New York Times
. December 28, 1979. p. A5.
^
"Carneiro Named to Head New Regime in Portugal".
The New York Times
. December 30, 1979. p. I-5.
^
"Six Steelworkers Die From Fumes In Indiana Plant".
The New York Times
. December 30, 1979. p. I-12.
^
"Rafael Bonnelly at 75; Ex-Dominican President".
The New York Times
. December 31, 1979. p. 13.
^
"Time Names Khomeini Man of Year for 1979",
The New York Times
, December 31, 1979, p. A5
^
"Richard Rodgers Is Dead at Age 77; Broadway's Renowned Composer", by Alden Whitman,
The New York Times
, December 31, 1979, p. A1
^
"Eiffel Tower Is Going Public", by Frank J. Prial,
The New York Times
, December 30, 1979, p. I-1
^
https://web.archive.org/web/20160910114502/http://www.billboard.com/artist/1484933/bob-bryar/biography
v
t
e
Events by month
1983
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1982
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1981
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1980
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1979
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1978
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1977
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1976
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1975
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1974
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Index:
pl
ar
de
en
es
fr
it
arz
nl
ja
pt
ceb
sv
uk
vi
war
zh
ru
af
ast
az
bg
zh-min-nan
bn
be
ca
cs
cy
da
et
el
eo
eu
fa
gl
ko
hi
hr
id
he
ka
la
lv
lt
hu
mk
ms
min
no
nn
ce
uz
kk
ro
simple
sk
sl
sr
sh
fi
ta
tt
th
tg
azb
tr
ur
zh-yue
hy
my
ace
als
am
an
hyw
ban
bjn
map-bms
ba
be-tarask
bcl
bpy
bar
bs
br
cv
nv
eml
hif
fo
fy
ga
gd
gu
hak
ha
hsb
io
ig
ilo
ia
ie
os
is
jv
kn
ht
ku
ckb
ky
mrj
lb
lij
li
lmo
mai
mg
ml
zh-classical
mr
xmf
mzn
cdo
mn
nap
new
ne
frr
oc
mhr
or
as
pa
pnb
ps
pms
nds
crh
qu
sa
sah
sco
sq
scn
si
sd
szl
su
sw
tl
shn
te
bug
vec
vo
wa
wuu
yi
yo
diq
bat-smg
zu
lad
kbd
ang
smn
ab
roa-rup
frp
arc
gn
av
ay
bh
bi
bo
bxr
cbk-zam
co
za
dag
ary
se
pdc
dv
dsb
myv
ext
fur
gv
gag
inh
ki
glk
gan
guw
xal
haw
rw
kbp
pam
csb
kw
km
kv
koi
kg
gom
ks
gcr
lo
lbe
ltg
lez
nia
ln
jbo
lg
mt
mi
tw
mwl
mdf
mnw
nqo
fj
nah
na
nds-nl
nrm
nov
om
pi
pag
pap
pfl
pcd
krc
kaa
ksh
rm
rue
sm
sat
sc
trv
stq
nso
sn
cu
so
srn
kab
roa-tara
tet
tpi
to
chr
tum
tk
tyv
udm
ug
vep
fiu-vro
vls
wo
xh
zea
ty
ak
bm
ch
ny
ee
ff
got
iu
ik
kl
mad
cr
pih
ami
pwn
pnt
dz
rmy
rn
sg
st
tn
ss
ti
din
chy
ts
kcg
ve
Prefix:
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z
0
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