July 1974

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July 20, 1974: Turkey and Greece go to war in Cyprus
July 24, 1974: U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously that U.S. President Nixon must comply with subpoena of the Watergate tapes. Rehnquist, top right, recused himself from the decision.
July 7, 1974: West Germany defeats Netherlands, 2 to 1, to win the World Cup (pictured: Franz Beckenbauer and Johann Cruyff)

The following events occurred in July 1974:

July 1, 1974 (Monday)

  • On "M-day", road signs in Australia changed from imperial measures in miles to adjusted metric equivalents in kilometers.[1][2] An advertisement by the Australian Department of Transport told readers "Miles change to kilometres. Make sure YOU understand— it's important, for safety's sake!" and explained "Since a kilometre is 1000 metres in length, or about 5/8 of a mile, all road speed signs in kilometres per hour will be shown in much higher figures than the old miles per hour signs— although the speed you are traveling is about the same."[3]
  • Sweden became the first nation in the world to have a national data protection law as the Datalagen (Data Act), passed on May 11, 1973, went into effect.[4]
  • Isabel Perón became the first woman to be designated the president of a nation, being sworn in as President of Argentina after the death of her husband, Juan Perón, at the age of 78.[5] Although other women, such as monarchs, had served as heads of state, or heads of government as prime ministers, Mrs. Perón— who had been elected vice president after being the running mate of her husband in the 1973 election— was the first female president.[6]
  • The Communist nation of Cuba officially banned the Jehovah's Witnesses, closing houses of worship and providing penalties, including imprisonment for violators.[7]
  • Members of the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) walked out on strike after the deadline passed for the 26 owners of the teams of the National Football League (NFL) declined to meet their demands for an increase in base salary and lifting of restrictions on collective bargaining and reserve clauses in contracts. Most rookie players, who were not immediately eligible to join the NFLPA, would show up to training camps, while most (but not all) veterans declined to pass the picket lines to report for NFL teams.[8]
  • The Six Flags Great Adventure amusement park opened to the public in the Philadelphia area, based in Jackson, New Jersey, near Trenton.[9]

July 2, 1974 (Tuesday)

July 3, 1974 (Wednesday)

  • The Threshold Test Ban Treaty was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union at the end of Richard Nixon's visit to Moscow.[14][15]
  • Archbishop Makarios III, President of the island republic of Cyprus and a Greek Cypriot in the nation that had large populations of people of Greek and Turkish ancestry, sent an ultimatum to the General Phaedon Gizikis, leader of Greece's ruling military junta, General Phaedon Gizikis, demanding the removal of the 600 Greek officers within the Cypriot National Guard by July 21.[16][17] Greece's military junta responded by ordering the Greek officers in Cyprus to overthrow Makarios and install a new president who would oversee the annexation of Cyprus to Greece.
  • In Thailand, four days of rioting that killed 26 people and injured 120 others, began in the Chinese community in Bangkok after two police arrested a taxi driver for illegal parking on Phlapphla Chai street.[18][19] On July 7, Prime Minister Sanya Dharmasakti declared a state of emergency, and the Thai Army and local police quelled the riot.
  • The Soviet Union successfully launched Soyuz 14 with cosmonauts Yuri Artyukhin and Pavel Popovich, and docked with the Salyut 3 space station.[20][21] It would return to Earth on July 19.[22][23] U.S. intelligence concluded that Soyuz 14 had been on a military mission to use make the Salyut 2 station an orbiting reconnaissance platform, because the cosmonauts had sent and received coded messages with ground control on a special channel.[24]
  • The third and last scheduled matches in Group A and Group B of the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany proved to be semifinals matching the two unbeaten teams in both groups. The Group A game in Frankfurt featured the Netherlands and Brazil, both with 2-0-0 records against their opponents, while Group B's game in Munich had West Germany and Poland, both 2–0–0. The Netherlands beat defending 1970 champion Brazil, 3 to 0, while home team West Germany eked out a 1 to 0 win over Poland.[25]

July 4, 1974 (Thursday)

July 5, 1974 (Friday)

  • Construction began in Austria of the 13.976-kilometre (8.684 mi) long Arlberg Road Tunnel (Arlberg Strassentunnel) through the Alps and would last for more than four years. At the time of the tunnel's opening on December 1, 1978, between St Anton am Arlberg in Tyrol and Langen am Arlberg in Voralberg, it would be the longest road tunnel in the world.[36]
The Cajun Flag

July 6, 1974 (Saturday)

  • Members of the failed Northern Ireland Executive and Northern Ireland Office (NIO) ministers held talks in Oxford with Harry Murray, chairman of the Ulster Workers' Council (UWC).[41]
  • Ten members of the Burmese Air Force were killed while flying in formation in five separate T-33 jets as part of a training mission, when their aircraft crashed into the side of a mountain in the Peguyoma range during heavy rains and strong winds. The five jets were making a 300 miles (480 km) flight between Rangoon and Meiktila when the accident happened.[42]
  • The first broadcast was made of the popular American public radio variety show A Prairie Home Companion, created and hosted by Garrison Keillor. The initial show was transmitted live by Minnesota Public Radio from the Janet Wallace Auditorium at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, before an audience of 12 people.[43]
  • Jimmy Connors of the U.S. won the men's singles championship at Wimbledon, defeating Ken Rosewall in straight sets, 6–1, 6–1, 6–4. The win came one day after his fiancée, Chris Evert of the U.S., had won the women's singles title over Olga Morozova of the Soviet Union, 6–0, 6–4. Connors and Evert were scheduled to be married in November 1974, but would break up before the marriage took place.[44]

July 7, 1974 (Sunday)

July 8, 1974 (Monday)

Trudeau and Stanfield
  • Voting for all 264 seats of the House of Commons of Canada, where Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's Liberal Party had a 109 to 107 seat edge over the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield, and neither party had 133 necessary for majority control. The Liberal Party gained 32 seats for 141 overall,[53] while the Progressive Conservatives, the New Democratic Party and the Social Credit Party all lost seats.[54]
  • Typhoon Gilda dissipated after 10 days of torrential rains and mudslides that killed 128 people in Korea and Japan.[55]
  • The first agreement between India and Sri Lanka, to define their maritime boundaries in the Palk Strait, signed on June 28, came into effect.[56]
  • Watergate prosecutor Leon Jaworski and U.S. President Nixon's attorney James D. St. Clair appeared before the U.S. Supreme Court to make oral arguments on the issue of whether Nixon's refusal to release 64 tape recordings, relevant to the Watergate scandal, were protected by executive privilege.[57]
  • Deborah Gail Stone, an employee of Disneyland in California, was crushed to death by a rotating wall while working in the new "America Sings" exhibit, becoming the first death of a worker at a Disney park. The ride was immediately closed down and was not reopened until alarms could be installed.
  • The body of U.S. diplomat John Patterson, the American vice consul in the Mexican city of Hermosillo, was found in the Sonora desert more than three months after he had been kidnapped on March 22.[58] An American, Bobby Joe Keesee, was arrested on May 28 and confessed to writing a ransom note. Keesee pleaded guilty to conspiracy to kidnap in 1975 and would serve 11 years in prison.
  • One week after the beginning of the players' strike against the National Football League, the college students scheduled to play in the July 26 College All-Star Game against the Miami Dolphins voted not to practice unless the NFL strike could be settled.[59] The 1974 game was canceled two days later.[60]

July 9, 1974 (Tuesday)

  • The Judiciary Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives released an enhanced version of eight of the White House tapes previously transcribed by Nixon's team.[61] These included potentially damaging statements suppressed in Nixon's version.[62]
  • The voting age in France was lowered from 21 to 18,[63] in accordance with legislation that had been approved by the National Assembly on June 25 at the request of President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.[64] France's Justice Minister Jean Lecanuet said that the law also gave persons 18 to 21, for the first time, the right to choose where they could live, the right to get married without parental permission, the right to open a bank account, get a passport or travel abroad, set up a business, and drink alcohol.[63]
  • Four people were killed in Norway while riding the Ulriksbanen aerial tramway near Bergen when a tow rope broke as the carriage was nearing the top of its travel. As the carriage, with eight people aboard, slid back down the carrying rope, it fell from a height of 49 feet (15 m), then tumbled an additional 98 feet (30 m) down a slope before being crushed up against boulders.[65]
  • Mexican boxer Rubén Olivares, who had previously been the world bantamweight boxing champion, won the World Boxing Association featherweight title at a bout in Los Angeles, knocking out Zensuke Utagawa of Japan in the 7th round.[66] Both boxers had been fighting for the vacant title left after Ernesto Marcel of Panama had retired earlier in the year.
  • Died: Earl Warren, 83, former Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969[67]

July 10, 1974 (Wednesday)

July 11, 1974 (Thursday)

July 12, 1974 (Friday)

July 13, 1974 (Saturday)

  • Colonel Vasco Goncalves was named as the new Prime Minister of Portugal by the nation's president, General Antonio de Spinola, after Spinola fired Premier Adelino da Palma Carlos and his cabinet the day of July 11.[83] General Spinola told reporters that Goncalves had been chosen because he was "better suited than anyone else to carry out the program of the Armed Forces Movement."[84]
  • Gary Player of South Africa won the 1974 British Open golf tournament after leading every round of the 72-hole event and being the only player to finish under par in each round. Player finished with 282 strokes, four ahead of Peter Oosterhuis with 286.[85]
  • Died:
    • Patrick Blackett, 76, English physicist and 1948 Nobel Prize laureate[86]
    • Hamid Ferej, former president of the Eritrean parliament until the area's annexation by Ethiopia in 1962, and an aide to Lieutenant General Debebe Haile Mariam, the Ethiopian military governor of the Eritrea province was assassinated by members of the Eritrean Liberation Front while he prayed at a mosque in Agordat.[87]

July 14, 1974 (Sunday)

July 15, 1974 (Monday)

July 16, 1974 (Tuesday)

  • British troops rescued Archbishop Makarios III, the Greek Cypriot leader who had been overthrown as President of Cyprus, from the coastal city of Paphos and flew him to Malta and then to the UK.[102][96]
  • An avalanche on the north face of Mont Blanc killed eight people, all but two of whom were teenagers ranging from 16 to 18 years old.[103]
  • A jury in the U.S. state of Texas recommended that Elmer Wayne Henley, the teenage murderer who had assisted in serial murders carried out in Texas by Dean Corll between 1970 and 1973, be sentenced to six 99-year terms in prison after convicting him in 6 of the 27 murders carried out by Corll. Formal sentencing was set for July 26, with the judge to determine whether the sentences should run concurrently or for 564 consecutive years.[104]
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July 17, 1974 (Wednesday)

Dean in 1935

July 18, 1974 (Thursday)

July 19, 1974 (Friday)

  • Seven people were killed and 349 others injured in the U.S. by the explosion of a railroad tanker car containing isobutane, following its collision with a boxcar in the Norfolk & Western railroad yard at Decatur, Illinois.[118][119]
  • Hospitalized for phlebitis, Spain's dictator Francisco Franco signed a decree appointing Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon as the acting chief of state.[120]
  • American mobster Sam Giancana was arrested in Mexico after fleeing the U.S. to Cuernavaca to avoid testifying before a grand jury. He was deported from Mexico on July 21 and flown to Chicago, where he continued to live until his murder in 1975.
  • Born: Timur Artemev, Russian mobile phone entrepreneur who founded Euroset; in Moscow, Soviet Union
  • Died:
    • Joe Flynn, 49, American TV and film actor best known for the comedy McHale's Navy, died of a heart attack while swimming at his home.[121]
    • Stefano Magaddino, 82, Italian-born American crime boss who controlled the underworld in Buffalo, New York, died of natural causes.[122]

July 20, 1974 (Saturday)

  • Five days after Greek Cypriot activists overthrew the government of Cyprus, armed forces from Turkey carried out a massive invasion and occupation by land, sea and air of the northern portion of the island republic, which was primarily occupied by Turkish Cypriots.[123] After departing from the Turkish port of Mersin the night before, four battalions of 3,500 Turkish soldiers began coming ashore at Glykiotissa, near the northern port of Kyrenia at 7:15 local time, and engaged in battle against the Greek-commanded Cypriot National Guard.[124][125] At the same time, Turkish warplanes bombed the airport at the capital, Nicosia, and both a Cypriot National Guard camp and a Greek Army contingent near Nicosia. Turkish Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit said that the decision to invade was made at an emergency meeting of his cabinet before dawn.[123]
  • Hours after the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, members of the Greek Cypriot National Guard entered the predominantly Turkish village of Alaminos and murdered 15 men between the ages of 25 and 50. According to a correspondent with the American TV network NBC, the national guardsmen were reportedly upset that their commander had been killed in a fight with Turkish invaders.[126]
  • Death sentences for five South Korean dissidents, issued by a military court-martial, were commuted to life imprisonment by Defense Minister Suh Jong Chul. The group— poet Kim Chi Ha, Yoo In Tai, Kim Byung Kar, and Rah Byung Shikr— were leaders of demonstrators and had been convicted on charges of attempting to overthrow the government."South Korea Commutes Poet's Death Sentence". Los Angeles Times. July 21, 1974. p. IA-2.
  • A group of women calling themselves the "Dublin City Women's Invasion Force", including Nell McCafferty and Nuala Fennell, intruded on the Forty Foot bathing place in Sandycove, traditionally a men-only nude bathing area, to claim the right to swim there.[127]
  • On the fifth anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins spoke at a press conference, where Armstrong confirmed a statement by Collins that Armstrong had exercised his right as mission commander to be the first person to walk on the Moon, despite early flight plans that gave the assignment to Aldrin. Armstrong said that since he was closest to the hatch, he left the lunar module first even though the practice was for the module pilot to leave first, allowing Aldrin to go first "required that the two crewmen change places in pressurized suits in a cramped area. It was not impossible, but it was very difficult and possibly dangerous." Collins had written in his book, Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journeys, that Aldrin and Armstrong had argued about the decision prior to the mission launch, and said "I did not mean to imply in my book that there was anything abnormal about the reversal. It was a normal thing and made the best sense." Aldrin told reporters "I do what my boss tells me to."[128]
  • The first rock concert to be held at Knebworth House in Hertfordshire, UK, featured The Allman Brothers Band, Van Morrison, Tim Buckley and others, and was attended by an estimated 60,000 people.[129]
  • Born: Yury Slyusar, Russian businessman and CEO of United Aircraft Corporation (UAC); in Rostov-on-Don, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
  • Died: Alexander Kartveli, 77, Georgian-Russian born U.S. aeronautical engineer for Republic Aviation and pioneer in turbojet military fighters

July 21, 1974 (Sunday)

July 22, 1974 (Monday)

  • Operation Niki, an attempt by Greece's Hellenic Air Force to support the Greek Cypriot National Guard in defending against the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, failed when the guardsmen mistook the Greek air support for enemy invaders.[133] The "friendly fire" by members of the national guard, which had not been informed that the Greek commandos were coming to their rescue, shot down a Nord Noratlas transport aircraft as it was about to land, killing 27 Greek commandos and the four-member crew.
  • Endelkachew Makonnen, Prime Minister of Ethiopia, was removed from office, and replaced by Lij Mikael Imru.[134] Makonnen was arrested the next day on orders of the ruling Derg.[135][136]
  • Otto Kerner Jr. resigned as a U.S. federal judge with the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals before the U.S. House of Representatives was to hold hearings on whether to impeach him. Kerner, former Governor of Illinois, prominent as Chairman of the Kerner Commission on the investigation of race rioting and a judge since 1968, had lost his appeal on a conviction of mail fraud, conspiracy and perjury. On July 29, seven days after his conviction, Kerner began serving a three-year federal prison sentence after stepping down from the bench.[137][138]
  • Died:
    • Wayne Morse, 73, U.S. Senator for Oregon from 1945 to 1969, known for being one of two Senators to vote against the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that approved the U.S. President's commitment of military combat in Vietnam without a declaration of war, died after becoming ill during a campaign to regain his seat in the 1974 U.S. Senate elections.[139]
    • Edna Lewis Thomas, 88, African-American stage actress on Broadway from 1923 to 1958[140]

July 23, 1974 (Tuesday)

  • Greek President Phaedon Gizikis called a meeting to attempt to appoint a national unity government with the goal of peacefully preventing a war in Cyprus between Greece and Turkey. Former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis returned from exile to Athens on a Mystère 20 jet, made available to him by French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.[141][142]
  • Glafcos Clerides, Speaker of the Cyprus House of Representatives, took office as President of Cyprus after coup leader Nikos Sampson stepped down in the wake of Turkey's invasion of the island republic.[143]
  • British Airways Flight 6356, flying to London after taking off from Belfast with 92 people, made an emergency landing in Manchester after an Irish newspaper and a news agency were tipped off by an anonymous caller that a gelignite time bomb had been placed on the aircraft. A two-pound bomb was found in a paper bag under a seat on the Trident jet, apparently after being placed there by a passenger who had flown to Belfast and left before the plane departed again for London. The plane was carrying a crew of seven and 85 passengers, including James Flanagan, police chief of the Royal Ulster Constabulary.[144]
  • Born: Maurice Greene, U.S. Olympic sprinter, gold medalist in the 100m dash in 2000, winner of gold medals in three world track and field championships in 1997, 1999 and 2001; in Kansas City, Kansas[145]
  • Died: Soekiman Wirjosandjojo, 76, Prime Minister of Indonesia 1951 to 1952

July 24, 1974 (Wednesday)

  • The U.S. Supreme Court issued a landmark decision in United States v. Nixon, holding unanimously (8 to 0) that the President of the United States could not withhold evidence based on the defense of national security, and ordering U.S. President Nixon to release the tape recordings, pertaining to the Watergate scandal, made of conversations in the Oval Office of the White House.[146] Associate Justice William Rehnquist recused himself from the decision because he had worked for the U.S. Attorney General in the past and had been appointed to his position by Nixon. The decision would clear the way for the release of the incriminating tape of June 23, 1972, in which Nixon authorized obstruction of justice.
  • The Greek military junta, headed by General Dimitrios Ioannidis, stepped down as former Premier Konstantinos Karamanlis was sworn in as Prime Minister. Karmanalis took office at 4:00 in the morning after returning to Athens from Paris, where he had been living since 1967.[147] General Phaedon Gizikis continued as the figurehead President of Greece. Amnesty was granted by the Karmanalis government to all political prisoners who had been incarcerated during the rule of the junta.[148] The first detainees were returned to mainland the next day from the prison island of Gyaros[149]
  • The Huntsville Prison siege began in Huntsville, Texas, United States, when Fred Gómez Carrasco, serving a life sentence for the attempted murder of a police officer, and two other inmates laid siege to the education building of the Walls Unit.[150][151]
  • In Colombia, a 29-year-old man hijacked an Avianca Boeing 727, with 129 passengers on board, shortly after it took off from Pereira, for a domestic flight to Medellín, and demanded a ransom of two million U.S. dollars and the release of a political prisoner. The airliner diverted to Cali, where police disguised as flight mechanics boarded and overcame the hijacker and a female companion. The suspect, Eduardo Martinez, had hijacked a Colombian plane in 1969 and flown it to Cuba, then made it back to Colombia to commit a second air piracy.[152] The hijacker was shot when he threatened an armed police officer who had boarded the aircraft. He died of his injuries hours later at the hospital.[153]
  • The record for fewest votes cast in the British House of Commons was set on a motion to adjourn debate on the British Railways Bill. At 1:33 in the morning, with few MPs present, Conservative member Bernard Braine cast the lone vote, opposing the motion. The motion was declared not decided because of the lack of a quorum.[154]
  • Born:
  • Died:

July 25, 1974 (Thursday)

  • The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus was established by agreement of the foreign ministers of Greece George Mavros, Turkey (Turan Güneş) and the United Kingdom (Foreign Secretary James Callaghan) at a meeting in Geneva, setting a neutral zone separating the Greek Cypriot population in southern Cyprus from the Turkish Cypriot population in northern Cyprus. The zones are divided by a 112-mile (180 km) line that runs west to east from Kato Pyrgos to Paralimni and passes through the capital of Cyprus, Nicosia.[156] The "Green Line" effectively divides the Republic of Cyprus and the largely unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.[157]
  • The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5 to 4, that busing of students from suburban school districts to city schools, to achieve racial desegregation, was unconstitutional. The decision came in a challenge to a ruling requiring white students in Michigan, living outside Detroit city and school district limits, to be sent on school buses to predominantly black schools in Detroit.[158]
  • The World Court of the United Nations ruled against Iceland in favor of the UK and West Germany in a suit arisung from the "Cod Wars" over fishing in the North Atlantic Ocean. The International Court of Justice held that Iceland was not entitled to extend its fishing limit from 12 miles (19 km) to 50 miles (80 km).[159]
  • The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) was created in the U.S. as President Nixon signed legislation passed by Congress to fund legal aid for the poor, for limited purposes. In return for funding, representation was limited to civil cases involving rent, child custody, property, housing and welfare rights, and were barred from being paid for cases involving constitutional law, such as for the military draft, racial desegregation, labor disputes and abortion.[160]
  • In Green Bay, Wisconsin, 21 NFLPA union members were arrested during the union's labor strike against the National Football League, after refusing orders to comply with a restraining order. The rounded up members of the Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears posted bond during their arraignment and were released. Players arrested including Rich McGeorge and Gale Gillingham of Green Bay, and Mac Percival of Chicago. The remaining packers went on to beat Chicago, 17 to 0, in a preseason game.[161]

July 26, 1974 (Friday)

  • In the Soviet Union, the 1,517 delegates of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet voted unanimously to re-elect Nikolai V. Podgorny as the official head of state (the Chairman of the Presidium), and Alexei Kosygin as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, equivalent to Prime Minister. Podgorny and Kosygin had been nominated by Communist Party First Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, de facto leader of the Communist nation as well as a voting member of the lower house of the Supreme Soviet, the 767-member Soviet of the Union.[162]
  • Serial killer Paul John Knowles picked the lock of a jail cell in Jacksonville, Florida, where he was being held for assault, broke into a house, and strangled a 65-year-old woman, the first of 18 murders he would commit over the next four months.[163] Three murders followed in August, five in September, three in October and six more in November. The day after shooting a Florida state trooper and a motorist, Knowles would be caught on November 17, 1974, by a civilian in Georgia. Knowles himself would be shot to death on December 18 after attempting to disarm a sheriff.
  • U.S. Representative Paul Sarbanes of Maryland, a member of the House Judiciary Committee, introduced the first proposed article of impeachment against U.S. President Richard Nixon on charges of the crime of obstruction of justice.[164]
  • A teenage girl discovered the body of an unidentified woman at Race Point Dunes, Provincetown, Massachusetts. The identity of "The Lady of the Dunes" would remain unsolved for almost 48 years until 2022, when genetic testing confirmed that she was Ruth Marie Terry (1936–1974), who had been murdered by her husband.[165]
  • Died:
    • George Barr, 82, American Major League Baseball umpire[166][167]
    • Floyd H. Nolta, 74, American airplane pilot and inventor who developed (in 1955) the first successful method of dropping water from an airplane for fighting forest fires[168]
    • Arthur K. Watson, 55, President of IBM World Trade Corporation and former U.S. Ambassador to France, died eight days after being fatally injured from a fall at his home in Connecticut.[169]

July 27, 1974 (Saturday)

  • The U.S. House Judiciary Committee voted, 27 to 11, to approve the proposed Article One for the impeachment of U.S. President Nixon, a resolution alleging that "Richard M. Nixon, using the powers of his high office, engaged personally and through his subordinates and agents, in a course of conduct or plan designed to delay, impede, and obstruct the investigation" of the Watergate scandal as well "to cover up, conceal and protect those responsible; and to conceal the existence and scope of other unlawful covert activities." Six Republicans joined all 21 Democrats on the Committee in voting in favor of the article.[170] White House Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler told reporters, "The President remains confident that the House will recognize that there simply is not the evidence to support this or any other article of impeachment. He is confident because he knows he has committed no impeachable offense."[171]
  • The Rhodesian Army began Operation Overload, the forcible relocation of 49,690 black African civilians within the Chiweshe Tribal Trust Land to 21 "protected villages" away from guerrillas of the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA). By August 15, the relocation was completed but the protected villages proved to be inadequately protected and lacked sanitation facilities.[172]
  • Portugal's President, General António de Spínola, announced that his government would grant unconditional independence to the European nation's African colonies in Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and Portuguese Guinea (later Guinea-Bissau.[173][174] Spinola had signed a notice on July 25 that stated, "The principle that a solution to the overseas wars is political, and not military, implies the recognition by Portugal of the right to self-determination by the people."[175]
  • Edward LeBlanc, who had led the British West Indies colony of Dominica for 13 years as Chief Minister and then as Premier, resigned suddenly and without explanation, four years before Dominica would become an independent nation. Patrick John became the new premier the next day, and would become the first Prime Minister of Dominica on November 3, 1978.
  • Edwin Reinecke, Lieutenant Governor of the U.S. state of California was convicted of perjury by a federal court jury.[176] On October 2, he would resign after receiving a suspended sentence of 18 months imprisonment.
  • The British & Irish Lions rugby union completed their 12-week tour of South Africa, playing to a 13–13 draw against the Springboks of South Africa after 21 consecutive wins.
  • Born: Eason Chan (Chan Yick Shun), Hong Kong Cantopop music singer and actor; in British Hong Kong
  • Died: Lightnin' Slim (stage name for Otis Hicks), 61, U.S. blues musician, died of stomach cancer.[177]

July 28, 1974 (Sunday)

July 29, 1974 (Monday)

July 30, 1974 (Tuesday)

  • The Foreign Ministers of Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom signed a peace agreement in Geneva, after mediation by U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, providing for the immediate end of fighting on the island of Cyprus.[190]
  • Segregated voting was held in Rhodesia for the 66-member House of Assembly, with white voters picking candidates for the 50 seats reserved for the white minority, and black and mixed race voters selecting from 26 candidates for the 16 "tribal seats" reserved for the non-white candidates. The Rhodesian Front party won all 50 of the contests for the white seats although candidates from the Rhodesia Party were on the ballot. At the time, 300,000 residents of Rhodesia were white, while 5,700,000 were black or mixed race. Despite being only 5% of the population, the whites had 76% of the seats in parliament.[191]
  • The U.S. House Judiciary Committee adjourned its proceedings for impeachment after passing three articles of impeachment in three days. A proposed Article IV, regarding illegal use of power in the 1970 invasion of Cambodia, was rejected, with 12 votes for and 26 against.[192] Debate in the full House on whether to impeach was scheduled for August 19, but Nixon's resignation on August 9 made the point moot.
  • The 1974 Scheldeprijs cycle race was held in Belgium and the Netherlands, and was won by Marc Demeyer.[193]
  • Born:
  • Died: Elizabeth Gould Davis, 64, American librarian, author of The First Sex, suicide by firearm[196]

July 31, 1974 (Wednesday)

References

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  13. ^ Publishers Weekly". Retrieved February 2, 2021.
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2016 Uzbekistan First League This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: 2016 Uzbekistan First League – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2017) Football league seasonUzbekistan First LeagueSeason2016ChampionsDinamo SamarqandTop goalscorerNavruz Khaipov (30 goals)← 2015 2017

 

Pour l’article homonyme, voir Les Anges. Les Anges Titre original Les Anges de la téléréalité Genre Téléréalité Périodicité Quotidienne (sauf week-end) Ancienne présentation Matthieu Delormeau (saisons 1 à 7)Ayem Nour (saisons 5, 8 & 9)Aymeric Bonnery (saisons 10 & 11) Narration Jérémy Michalak Musique Gilles Luka ft. Nyusha (saisons 1 à 7 & 9 à 11)Gilles Luka ft. Aurélie Preston (saison 8) Thème du générique Plus Près (We Can Make It Right) (saisons 1 à 11...

 

Alemania Oriental en los Juegos Olímpicos Bandera de Alemania OrientalCódigo COI GDRCON Comité Olímpico Nacional de la RDAMedallas 192 165 162 519 Historia olímpicaJuegos de verano 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 •Juegos de invierno 1968 • 1972 • 1976 • 1980 • 1984 • 1988 •Otras apariciones Alemania (1896–1936, 1992–) Equipo Alemán Unificado (1956

De structuur van Goud(V)fluoride dimeer Au2F10 Goud(V)fluoride of goudpentafluoride is een verbinding van goud met fluor met formule Au2F10. Het Romeins cijfer V duidt erop, dat goud hier valentie +5 vertoont. Het is de enige bekende verbinding van goud met valentie +5. Het is een rode, vaste stof die oplosbaar is in fluorzuur. Het is ook het enige pentafluoride dat als dimeer voorkomt. Andere pentafluorides komen voor als monomeer (P, As, Cl, Br, I), tetrameer (Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Tc, Re, Ru,...

 

У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Котовський район (значення). Котовський район Основні дані Країна: СРСР, УСРР Округа/Область: Красноградська округа(1923-1925)Катеринославська округа(1925-1930)Дніпропетровська область(1930-1958) Утворений: 7 березня 1923 Ліквідовани

 

Albersroda Gemeinde Steigra Koordinaten: 51° 17′ N, 11° 43′ O51.28416666666711.716388888889204Koordinaten: 51° 17′ 3″ N, 11° 42′ 59″ O Höhe: 204 m Fläche: 13,58 km² Einwohner: 459 (31. Dez. 2008) Bevölkerungsdichte: 34 Einwohner/km² Eingemeindung: 1. Januar 2010 Postleitzahl: 06268 Vorwahl: 034632 Albersroda ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Steigra im Saalekreis in Sachsen-Anhalt (Deutschland). Von 20...

Ona MunsonMunson pada 1941LahirOwena Elizabeth Wolcott(1903-06-16)16 Juni 1903Portland, Oregon, A.S.Meninggal11 Februari 1955(1955-02-11) (umur 51)New York City, A.S.Sebab meninggalBunuh diri akibat overdosis barbituratPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif1919–1953Suami/istriEdward Buzzell ​ ​(m. 1926; c. 1931)​ Eugene Berman ​ ​(m. 1950)​ Ona Munson (nee Owena Elizabeth Wolcott; 16 Juni 1903 –...

 

Durham Artillery Militia2nd Brigade, Northern Division, RADurham Artillery (Western Division) RADurham Royal Garrison Artillery (M)Active20 July 1853–31 October 1909Country United KingdomBranch MilitiaRoleGarrison ArtilleryPart ofNorthern Division, RA (1882–89)Western Division, RA (1889–1902)Garrison/HQBishop Auckland (1853–61)Hartlepool (1861–95)Sunderland Barracks (1895–1909)EngagementsSecond Boer WarMilitary unit The Durham Artillery Militia was a part-time reserve un...

 

Pocari SweatJenismerek AsalJepang Diperkenalkan1980 ProdusenOtsuka Pharmaceutical Situs webhttps://pocarisweat.jp/ [sunting di Wikidata]lbs Orang yang sedang meminum sebotol Pocari Sweat Pabrik Pocari Sweat di Sukabumi Pocari Sweat (ポカリスエットcode: ja is deprecated , Pokari Suetto) merupakan salah satu minuman ringan dan minuman olahraga terpopuler di Jepang, diproduksi oleh Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Minuman ini pertama kali dijual pada tahun 1980 di Jepang dan sekara...

Ideal in traditional Chinese cultural practices Chastity or moral integrity (貞節, zhēnjié) memorial Widow chastity was an ideal in traditional Chinese cultural practices and beliefs that honored widowed women and discouraged their remarriage, encouraging them instead to live a life of virtuous chastity.[1] The idea of widow chastity has a long history in China, but the emphasis on the practice is believed to have its origin among Song dynasty Neo-Confucians,[2] and reache...

 

77th Street Estación del Metro de Nueva YorkUbicaciónCoordenadas 40°46′25″N 73°57′36″O / 40.7736, -73.9599Dirección East 77th Street & Lexington AvenueNew York, NY 10075Localidad Upper East Side, ManhattanDatos de la estaciónCódigo 398Inauguración 17 de julio de 1918Pasajeros 10.762 millones[1]​[2]​Servicios 4  (media noche) 6  (todo el tiempo) <6>(días de semana hasta las 8:45 p.m., vías congestionadas)Conexiones New York City...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Benny Benassi discography – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Benny Benassi discographyBenny Benassi at Electric Daisy Carnival 2009Studio albums4Compilation albums6Singles29Remix album...

2005 video gameLaw & Order: Criminal IntentDeveloper(s)Legacy InteractivePlatform(s)Microsoft WindowsReleaseNA: November 15, 2005EU: March 24, 2006Genre(s)AdventureMode(s)Single-player, multiplayer Law & Order: Criminal Intent is a video game adaptation of the television series Law & Order: Criminal Intent. It is the fourth title in a series of video games based on the Law & Order franchise.[1] Plot The player takes on the role of Detective Robert Goren, voiced by acto...

 

Extinct genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur PachycephalosaurusTemporal range: Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), 70–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Cast of the Sandy specimen, Royal Ontario Museum Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: †Ornithischia Suborder: †Pachycephalosauria Family: †Pachycephalosauridae Tribe: †Pachycephalosaurini Genus: †PachycephalosaurusBrown & Schlaikjer, 1943 Type spec...

 

Japanese train type Hanshin 5700 seriesSet 5717 in service in December 2021ManufacturerKinki SharyoBuilt atOsakaFamily nameJet-Silver 5700Constructed2015–Entered service24 August 2015Number built28 vehicles (7 sets)Number in service28 vehicles (7 sets)Formation4 cars per trainsetFleet numbers5701–Capacity514 (173 seated)Operator(s)Hanshin Electric RailwayDepot(s)AmagasakiSpecificationsCar body constructionStainless steelCar length18,800 mm (61 ft 8 in)Width2,800 mm (9&...

14th Tirthankara in Jainism Anantanatha14th Jain TirthankaraImage of Tirthankar AnantnathaVenerated inJainismPredecessorVimalanathaSuccessorDharmanathaSymbolPorcupine as per DigambaraFalcon as per Shvetambara[1]Height50 dhanusha (150 meters)Age3,000,000 yearsColorGoldenPersonal informationBornAyodhyaDiedShikharjiParentsSimhasena (father)Suyasha (mother) Part of a series onJainism Jains History Timeline Index Philosophy Anekantavada Cosmology Ahimsa Karma Dharma Mokṣa Kevala Jnana Dr...

 

Greek airline Swiftair Hellas IATA ICAO Callsign - MDF MED-FREIGHT Founded11 May 2000; 23 years ago (2000-05-11)[1]AOC #GR-004[2][3]HubsAthens International AirportFleet size7Parent companySwiftairHeadquartersMarkopoulo Mesogaias, Greece[1]Websiteswiftairhellas.com Swiftair Hellas is a cargo airline based in Athens, Greece. Its main base is Athens International Airport and it mainly serves the Greek domestic market.[4] History SX-...

 

For the concluded season, see The X Factor Philippines (season 1). Filipino TV series or program The X Factor PhilippinesGenreReality televisionCreated bySimon CowellBased onThe X FactorDirected byJohnny ManahanPresented byKC ConcepcionJudges Gary Valenciano Charice Martin Nievera Pilita Corrales Voices ofPeter MusñgiCountry of originPhilippinesOriginal languageFilipinoNo. of seasons1No. of episodes34ProductionExecutive producerAlou AlmadenProduction locations Various (Auditions) PAGCOR...

Zooman Sam First editionAuthorLois LowryIllustratorDiane de GroatCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesThe Sam SeriesGenreChildren's novelPublisherHoughton Mifflin HarcourtPublication dateSeptember 27, 1999Media typePrintPages155ISBN0-395-97393-7OCLC40573222LC ClassPZ7.L9673 Zo 1999Preceded bySee You Around, Sam!  Zooman Sam (1999) is a children's novel by Lois Lowry. It is part of a series that Lowry wrote about Anastasia and her younger brother Sam. Plot summary It's ...

 

South Korean TV series or program Into the FlamesPromotional posterAlso known asInto the FireGenrePeriod dramaCreated byTV ChosunWritten byJung Sung-hee Lee Han-hoDirected byKim Sang-raeStarringChoi Soo-jong Ryu Jin Son Tae-young Lee In-hyeCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes20ProductionExecutive producerChoi Byung-hwaProducersJung Hoe-seok Lee Kyung-seon Jung Hyung-seoProduction locationKoreaRunning timeFridays and Saturdays at 23:00 (KST)Production company...