Moore was born in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York City, to Marjorie (née Hackett) and George Tyler Moore. Her father was a clerk.[13][14][15] Her Irish-Catholic family lived in a rental apartment in Brooklyn's Flatbush neighborhood, then the family later lived in a rented apartment at 144-16 35th Avenue in Flushing, Queens.
Moore was the oldest of three children, with a younger brother John and a younger sister Elizabeth. Moore's paternal great-grandfather, Confederate Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, owned the house that is now the Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum in Winchester, Virginia.[16]
When Moore was eight years old, the family relocated to Los Angeles, California, at the recommendation of her uncle, an employee of MCA.[17] She was raised Catholic[18] and attended St. Rose of Lima Parochial School in Brooklyn until the third grade. In Los Angeles, Moore attended Saint Ambrose School and Immaculate Heart High School in the Los Feliz neighborhood.[19][20]
Moore's sister Elizabeth died at age 21 "from a combination of... painkillers and alcohol." Her brother died at the age of 47 from kidney cancer.[21]
Career
Television
Early appearances
Moore's television career began in 1952 (until 1956) with a job as "Happy Hotpoint", a tiny elf dancing on Hotpointappliances in TV commercials during the 1950s series Ozzie and Harriet.[22] After appearing in 39 Hotpoint commercials in five days, she received approximately $6,000 (approximately $73,891 in 2023).[23][24] She became pregnant while still working as "Happy", and Hotpoint ended her work when it became too difficult to conceal her pregnancy with the elf costume.[22] Moore modeled anonymously on the covers of record albums, and auditioned for the role of the elder daughter of Danny Thomas for his long-running TV show, but was turned down.[25][26] Much later, Thomas explained that "she missed it by a nose... no daughter of mine could ever have a nose that small".[26]
Moore's first regular television role was as 'Sam' a mysterious and glamorous telephone switchboard operator/receptionist in the very popular series Richard Diamond, Private Detective with David Janssen. It was often erroneously reported her voice was heard; however, only her legs and occasionally her hands appeared on camera but not her face, adding to the character's mystique.[27] Her legs appeared in episode three of the third season, but she was cleverly shot above the waist in other episodes with her face at least partially hidden.[citation needed] About this time, she guest-starred in John Cassavetes' NBC detective series Johnny Staccato, and also in the series premiere of The Tab Hunter Show in September 1960 and the Bachelor Father episode "Bentley and the Big Board" in December 1960. In 1961, Moore appeared in several big parts in movies and on television, including Bourbon Street Beat; 77 Sunset Strip; Surfside 6; Wanted: Dead or Alive with Steve McQueen; Steve Canyon; Hawaiian Eye; Thriller and Lock-Up. She also appeared in a February 1962 episode of Straightaway.
The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966)
In 1961, Carl Reiner cast Moore in The Dick Van Dyke Show, a weekly series based on Reiner's own life and career as a writer for Sid Caesar's television variety show Your Show of Shows, telling the cast from the outset that it would run for no more than five years. The show was produced by Danny Thomas' company, and Thomas himself recommended her. He remembered Moore as "the girl with three names" whom he had turned down earlier.[28] Moore's energetic comic performances as Van Dyke's character's wife, begun at age 24 (eleven years Van Dyke's junior), made both the actress and her signature fitted capri pants extremely popular, and she became internationally known. When she won her first Emmy Award for her portrayal of Laura Petrie,[29] she said, "I know this will never happen again."[30] As Laura Petrie, Moore often wore styles that recalled the fashion of Jackie Kennedy, such as capri pants, echoing an ideal of the Kennedy administration's Camelot.[31]
The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970–1977)
In 1970, after performing in the one-hour musical special Dick Van Dyke and the Other Woman, Moore and husband Grant Tinker successfully pitched a sitcom that centered on Moore to CBS. The Mary Tyler Moore Show was a half-hour newsroom sitcom featuring Ed Asner as her gruff boss Lou Grant. The Mary Tyler Moore Show bridged aspects of the Women's Movement with mainstream culture by portraying an amiable, independent woman whose life focused on her professional career rather than marriage and family.[32][1] The show marked the first big hit for film and television producer James L. Brooks, who would also do more work for Moore and Tinker's production company.[33] Moore's show proved so popular that three regular characters, Valerie Harper as Rhoda Morgenstern, Cloris Leachman as Phyllis Lindstrom, and Ed Asner as Lou Grant spun off into their own three separate series playing the same characters, albeit with Lou Grant being an hour-long drama instead of a half-hour sitcom.
The premise of the single working woman's life, alternating during the program between work and home, became a television staple.[28][34] After six years of ratings in the top 20,[35] the show slipped to number 39 in season seven.[36] Producers asked that the series be canceled because of falling ratings, afraid that the show's legacy might be damaged if it were renewed for another season.[36] Despite the decline in ratings, the 1977 season won its third straight Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy.[37] In seven seasons, the program won 29 Emmys and Moore won three awards for Best Lead Actress in a sitcom.[38] The record was unbroken until 2002, when the NBC sitcom Frasier won its 30th Emmy.[38]
Later projects
On January 22, 1976, while season six of The Mary Tyler Moore Show was in progress, Moore appeared in Mary's Incredible Dream, an experimental musical/variety special for CBS, [39] and which also featured Ben Vereen. She described it as "a totally different concept from anything ever attempted on television... We go from song to dance to song and back again, telling a story of the eternal cycle of man. If viewers don't want to follow the story, they can just enjoy the music and dancing."[40] In 1978, she starred in a second CBS special, How to Survive the '70s and Maybe Even Bump Into Happiness, where she received significant support from a strong lineup of guest stars: Bill Bixby, John Ritter, Harvey Korman and Dick Van Dyke. In the 1978–79 season, Moore also starred in two unsuccessful CBS variety series. The first, Mary, featured David Letterman, Michael Keaton, Swoosie Kurtz and Dick Shawn in the supporting cast. After CBS canceled that series, it brought Moore back in March 1979 in a new, retooled show, The Mary Tyler Moore Hour. Described as a "sit-var" (part situation comedy/part variety series), it had Moore portraying a TV star putting on a variety show.[35] The program lasted just 11 episodes.[41]
In the 1985–86 season, Moore returned to CBS in a sitcom titled Mary, which suffered from poor reviews, sagging ratings, and strife within the production crew. Moore said she asked network to pull the show because she was unhappy with the direction and production.[42] Moore also starred in the short-lived Annie McGuire in 1988.[43] In 1995, after another lengthy break from TV series work, Moore was cast as tough, unsympathetic newspaper owner Louise "the Dragon" Felcott on the CBS drama New York News, the third series in which her character was involved in the news media.[44] Moore was disappointed with the writing of her character and was negotiating with producers to get out of her contract for the series when it was canceled.[45]
In 2006, Moore guest-starred as Christine St. George, the high-strung host of a fictional TV show, in three episodes of the Fox sitcom That '70s Show.[47] Moore's scenes were shot on the same sound stage where The Mary Tyler Moore Show was filmed in the 1970s.[47] She made a guest appearance on the season two premiere of Hot in Cleveland, which starred her former co-star Betty White.[48] It marked the first time that White and Moore had worked together since The Mary Tyler Moore Show ended in 1977.[49] In the fall of 2013, Moore reprised her role on Hot in Cleveland in a season four episode that reunited Moore and White, with former MTM cast members Cloris Leachman, Valerie Harper and Georgia Engel. The reunion coincided with Harper's public announcement that she had been diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and was given only a few months to live.[50]
Theater
Moore appeared in several Broadway plays. She was the star of a new musical version of Breakfast at Tiffany's in December 1966, but the show, titled Holly Golightly, was a flop that closed in previews before opening on Broadway. In reviews of performances in Philadelphia and Boston, critics "murdered" the play in which Moore claimed to be singing with bronchial pneumonia.[51]
Moore appeared in previews of the Neil Simon play Rose's Dilemma at the off-Broadway Manhattan Theatre Club in December 2003 but quit the production after receiving a critical letter from Simon instructing her to "learn your lines or get out of my play".[53] Moore had been using an earpiece on stage to feed her lines to the repeatedly rewritten play.[54]
Moore wrote two memoirs. In the first, After All, published in 1995, she acknowledged being a recovering alcoholic,[65] while in Growing Up Again: Life, Loves, and Oh Yeah, Diabetes (2009), she focuses on living with type 1 diabetes.[66]
At age 18 in 1955, Moore married her next-door neighbor, 28-year-old cranberry juice salesman Richard Meeker,[71] and within six weeks she was pregnant with her only child, Richard Carleton Meeker Jr., born on July 3, 1956.[72] Meeker and Moore divorced in 1962.[73] Later that year, Moore married Grant Tinker, a CBS executive and later chairman of NBC, and in 1969 they formed the television production company MTM Enterprises,[74] which created and produced the company's first television series, The Mary Tyler Moore Show. After a 1973 breakup and patch-up, Moore and Tinker announced a permanent separation in 1979[75] and divorced two years later.[76][77] In the early 1980s, Moore dated Steve Martin[78] and Warren Beatty.[79] Another relationship, with British Film and Television Director Sir Michael Lindsay-Hogg, [80] ended when she wanted to be exclusive and he didn't.[81]
On October 14, 1980, Moore's son Richard died of an accidental gunshot to the head while handling a small .410 shotgun. He was 24 years old[82][83] The same model was later taken off the market because of its "hair trigger".[84] Three-and-a-half weeks earlier, Ordinary People had been released where she played a mother who was grieving over the accidental death of her son.
Moore married 29-year-old cardiologist Robert Levine on November 23, 1983, at the Pierre Hotel in New York City.[85][86] They met in 1982 when he treated Moore's mother in New York City on a weekend house call, after Moore and her mother returned from a visit to the Vatican where they had a personal audience with Pope John Paul II.[87] Moore and Levine remained married for 33 years until her death in 2017.[88]
Moore struggled with alcohol addiction much of her life but quit drinking in 1984 when she admitted herself into the Betty Ford Center.[89][90][83] One year after getting sober, she quit her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit.[91]
Health issues and death
Moore was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1969.[92] In 2011, she had surgery to remove a meningioma, a benign brain tumor.[93] In 2014, friends reported that Moore had heart and kidney problems and was nearly blind from complications related to diabetes.[94]
In addition to her acting work, Moore was the International Chairperson of JDRF (the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation).[98] In this role, she used her celebrity status to help raise funds and awareness of diabetes mellitus type 1.
In 2007, in honor of Moore's dedication to the Foundation, JDRF created the "Forever Moore" research initiative which will support JDRF's Academic Research and Development and JDRF's Clinical Development Program. The program works on translating basic research advances into new treatments and technologies for those living with type 1 diabetes.[99]
Moore advocated for animal rights for years and supported charities like the ASPCA and Farm Sanctuary.[100] She helped raise awareness about factory farming methods and promoted more compassionate treatment of farm animals.[101]
Moore appeared as herself in 1996 on an episode of the Ellen DeGeneres sitcom Ellen. The storyline of the episode includes Moore honoring Ellen for trying to save a 65-year-old lobster from being eaten at a seafood restaurant.[102] She was also a co-founder of Broadway Barks, an annual animal adopt-a-thon held in New York City. Moore and friend Bernadette Peters worked to make it a no-kill city and to encourage adopting animals from shelters.[103]
During the 1960s and 1970s, Moore had a reputation as a liberal or moderate, although she endorsed President Richard Nixon for re-election in 1972.[106] She endorsed President Jimmy Carter for re-election in a 1980 campaign television ad.[107] In 2011, her friend and former co-star Ed Asner said during an interview on The O'Reilly Factor that Moore "has become much more conservative of late".[citation needed]Bill O'Reilly, host of that program, stated that Moore had been a viewer of his show and that her political views had leaned conservative in recent years.[108] In a Parade magazine article from March 22, 2009, Moore identified herself as a libertarian centrist who watched Fox News. She stated: "when one looks at what's happened to television, there are so few shows that interest me. I do watch a lot of Fox News. I like Charles Krauthammer and Bill O'Reilly... If McCain had asked me to campaign for him, I would have."[109]
In an interview for the 2013 PBS series Pioneers of Television, Moore said that she was recruited to join the feminist movement of the 1970s by Gloria Steinem, but did not agree with Steinem's views. Moore said she believed that women have an important role in raising children and that she did not believe in Steinem's view that women owe it to themselves to have a career.[110]
Moore received a total of seven Emmy Awards, including two for her portrayal of Laura Petrie on The Dick Van Dyke Show and four for portraying Mary Richards on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. In 1993 she won an Emmy for her portrayal of Georgia Tann in the Lifetime made-for-TV film Stolen Babies.[113]
On May 8, 2002, Moore was present when cable network TV Land and the City of Minneapolis dedicated a statue in downtown Minneapolis of Mary Richards, her character in The Mary Tyler Moore Show. The statue, by artist Gwendolyn Gillen, was chosen from designs submitted by 21 sculptors.[120] The bronze sculpture was located in front of the Dayton's department store, later Macy's, near the corner of 7th Street South and Nicollet Mall. It depicts the iconic moment in the show's opening credits where Moore tosses her tam o' shanter in the air, in a freeze-frame at the end of the montage.[121][122] While Dayton's is clearly seen in the opening sequence, the store in the background of the hat toss is actually Donaldson's, which was, like Dayton's, a locally based department store with a long history at 7th and Nicollet. In late 2015, the statue was relocated to the city's visitor center during renovations; it was reinstalled in its original location in 2017.[123]
Moore was awarded the 2011 Screen Actors Guild's lifetime achievement award.[124][125] In New York City in 2012, Moore and Bernadette Peters were honored by the Ride of Fame and a double-decker bus was dedicated to them and their charity work on behalf of "Broadway Barks", which the duo co-founded.[126][127]
^Edelman, R.; Kupferberg, A. (2002). Matthau: A Life. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 95. ISBN9780878332748.