Greenwich Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.[1] Greenwich Village has undergone extensive gentrification and commercialization;[11] the four ZIP Codes that constitute the Village – 10011, 10012, 10003, and 10014 – were all ranked among the ten most expensive in the United States by median housing prices in 2014, according to Forbes,[12] with residential property sale prices in the West Village neighborhood typically exceeding US$2,100/sq ft ($23,000/m2) in 2017.[13]
Into the early 20th century, Greenwich Village was distinguished from the upper-class neighborhood of Washington Square—based on the major landmark of Washington Square Park[16][17] or Empire Ward[18] in the 19th century.
Encyclopædia Britannica's 1956 article on "New York (City)" states (under the subheading "Greenwich Village") that the southern border of the Village is Spring Street, reflecting an earlier understanding. Today, Spring Street overlaps with the modern, newer SoHo neighborhood designation, while the modern Encyclopædia Britannica cites the southern border as Houston Street.[19]
Grid plan
The intersection of West 4th and West 12th StreetsStreet signs at intersection of West 10th and West 4th Streets
As Greenwich Village was once a rural, isolated hamlet to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island, its street layout is more organic than the planned grid pattern of the 19th century grid plan (based on the Commissioners' Plan of 1811). Greenwich Village was allowed to keep the 18th century street pattern of what is now called the West Village: areas that were already built up when the plan was implemented, west of what is now Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue, resulted in a neighborhood whose streets are dramatically different, in layout, from the ordered structure of the newer parts of Manhattan.[20]
Many of the neighborhood's streets are narrow and some curve at odd angles. This is generally regarded as adding to both the historic character and charm of the neighborhood. In addition, as the meandering Greenwich Street used to be on the Hudson River shoreline, much of the neighborhood west of Greenwich Street is on landfill, but still follows the older street grid.[20] When Sixth and Seventh Avenues were extended in the early 20th century, they were built diagonally to the existing street plan, and many older, smaller streets had to be demolished.[20]
Unlike the streets of most of Manhattan above Houston Street, streets in the Village are typically named, not numbered. While some of the formerly named streets (including Factory, Herring and Amity Streets) are now numbered, they still do not always conform to the usual grid pattern when they enter the neighborhood.[20] For example, West 4th Street runs east–west across most of Manhattan, but runs north–south in Greenwich Village, causing it to intersect with West 10th, 11th, and 12th Streets before ending at West 13th Street.[20]
A large section of Greenwich Village, made up of more than 50 northern and western blocks in the area up to 14th Street, is part of a Historic District established by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The District's convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Luke's Place, and no farther east than Washington Square East or University Place.[21] Redevelopment in that area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main façade and aesthetics of the buildings during renovation.
Most of the buildings of Greenwich Village are mid-rise apartments, 19th century row houses, and the occasional one-family walk-up, a sharp contrast to the high-rise landscape in Midtown and Downtown Manhattan.
Map of old Greenwich Village. A section of Bernard Ratzer's map of New York and its suburbs, made c. 1766 for Henry Moore, royal governor of New York, when Greenwich was more than 2 miles (3 km) from the city.
In the 16th century, Lenape referred to its farthest northwest corner, by the cove on the Hudson River at present-day Gansevoort Street, as Sapokanikan ("tobacco field"). The land was cleared and turned into pasture by the Dutch and their enslaved Africans, who named their settlement Noortwyck (also spelled Noortwijck, "North district", equivalent to 'Northwich/Northwick'). In the 1630s, Governor Wouter van Twiller farmed tobacco on 200 acres (0.81 km2) here at his "Farm in the Woods".[29] The English conquered the Dutch settlement of New Netherland in 1664, and Greenwich Village developed as a hamlet separate from the larger New York City to the south on land that would eventually become the Financial District. In 1644, the eleven Dutch African settlers in the area were granted half freedoms after the first Black legal protest in America.[b] All received parcels of land in what is now Greenwich Village,[30] in an area that became known as the Land of the Blacks.
The earliest known reference to the village's name as "Greenwich" dates back to 1696, in the will of Yellis Mandeville of Greenwich; however, the village was not mentioned in the city records until 1713.[31]Sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold sittings of the New York General Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739 and subsequent years; on one occasion in 1746, the house of Mordecai Gomez was used.[32][33] Warren's house, which survived until the Civil War era, overlooked the North River from a bluff; its site on the block bounded by Perry and Charles Streets, Bleecker and West 4th Streets,[34] can still be recognized by its mid-19th century rowhouses inserted into a neighborhood still retaining many houses of the 1830–37 boom.
Newgate Prison
From 1797[35] until 1829,[36] the bucolic village of Greenwich was the location of New York State's first penitentiary, Newgate Prison, on the Hudson River at what is now West 10th Street,[35] near the Christopher Street pier.[37] The building was designed by Joseph-François Mangin, who would later co-design New York City Hall.[38] Although the intention of its first warden, Quaker prison reformer Thomas Eddy, was to provide a rational and humanitarian place for retribution and rehabilitation, the prison soon became an overcrowded and pestilent place, subject to frequent riots by the prisoners which damaged the buildings and killed some inmates.[35] By 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day.[39] Since the prison was north of the New York City boundary at the time, being sentenced to Newgate became known as being "sent up the river". This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to Sing Sing Prison, in the town of Ossining upstream of New York City.[37]
Isaacs-Hendricks House
The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928).[40] When the Church of St. Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820, it stood in fields south of the road (now Christopher Street) that led from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue) down to a landing on the North River. In 1822, a yellow fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to the healthier air of Greenwich Village, and afterwards many stayed. The future site of Washington Square was a potter's field from 1797 to 1823 when up to 20,000 of New York's poor were buried here, and still remain. The handsome Greek revival rowhouses on the north side of Washington Square were built about 1832, establishing the fashion of Washington Square and lower Fifth Avenue for decades to come. Well into the 19th century, the district of Washington Square was considered separate from Greenwich Village.
In 1825, the Commercial Advertiser was writing that "Greenwich is no longer a country village. Such has been the growth of our city that the building of one block more will connect the two places" of Greenwich and New York.[41] By 1850, the city had developed entirely around Greenwich Village such that the two were no longer considered separate.
Gay Street at the corner of Waverly Place; the street's name refers to a colonial family, not the LGBTQ character of Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village historically was known as an important landmark on the map of American bohemian culture in the early and mid-20th century. The neighborhood was known for its colorful, artistic residents and the alternative culture they propagated. Due in part to the progressive attitudes of many of its residents, the Village was a focal point of new movements and ideas, whether political, artistic, or cultural. This tradition as an enclave of avant-garde and alternative culture was established during the 19th century and continued into the 20th century, when small presses, art galleries, and experimental theater thrived. In 1969, enraged members of the gay community, in search for equality, started the Stonewall riots. The Stonewall Inn was later recognized as a National Historic Landmark for having been the location where the gay rights movement originated.[42][6][43] On June 27, 2019, the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor was inaugurated at the Stonewall Inn;[44] and on June 28, 2024, the Stonewall National Monument Visitors Center opened, as the first official national visitors center dedicated to the LGBTQ+ experience to open anywhere in the world. Numerous politicians and celebrities participated in the inauguration ceremonies,[45][46] and the New York City Subway's Christopher Street–Sheridan Square station was renamed the Christopher Street–Stonewall station on the same day.[45][47]
The Tenth Street Studio Building was situated at 51 West 10th Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The building was commissioned by James Boorman Johnston[c] and designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Its innovative design soon represented a national architectural prototype, and featured a domed central gallery, from which interconnected rooms radiated. Hunt's studio within the building housed the first architectural school in the United States. Soon after its completion in 1857, the building helped to make Greenwich Village central to the arts in New York City, drawing artists from all over the country to work, exhibit, and sell their art. In its initial years Winslow Homer took a studio there,[49] as did Edward Lamson Henry, and many of the artists of the Hudson River School, including Frederic Church and Albert Bierstadt.[50]
In 1924, the Cherry Lane Theatre was established. Located at 38 Commerce Street, it is New York City's oldest continuously running Off-Broadway theater. A landmark in Greenwich Village's cultural landscape, it was built as a farm silo in 1817, and also served as a tobacco warehouse and box factory before Edna St. Vincent Millay and other members of the Provincetown Players converted the structure into a theatre they christened the Cherry Lane Playhouse, which opened on March 24, 1924, with the play The Man Who Ate the Popomack. During the 1940s The Living Theatre, Theatre of the Absurd, and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a showcase for aspiring playwrights and emerging voices.
In one of the many Manhattan properties that Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her husband owned, Gertrude Whitney established the Whitney Studio Club at 8 West 8th Street in 1914, as a facility where young artists could exhibit their works. By the 1930s it had evolved into her greatest legacy, the Whitney Museum of American Art, on the site of today's New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. The Whitney was founded in 1931, as an answer to the Museum of Modern Art, founded 1928, and its collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art. Gertrude Whitney decided to put the time and money into the museum after the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art turned down her offer to contribute her twenty-five-year collection of modern art works.[56] In 1936, the renowned Abstract Expressionist artist and teacher Hans Hofmann moved his art school from East 57th Street to 52 West 9th Street. In 1938, Hofmann moved again to a more permanent home at 52 West 8th Street. The school remained active until 1958, when Hofmann retired from teaching.[57]
On January 8, 1947, stevedore Andy Hintz was fatally shot by hitmen John M. Dunn, Andrew Sheridan, and Danny Gentile in front of his apartment. Before he died on January 29, he told his wife that "Johnny Dunn shot me."[58] The three gunmen were immediately arrested. Sheridan and Dunn were executed.[59]
The annual Greenwich Village Halloween Parade, initiated in 1974 by Greenwich Village puppeteer and mask maker Ralph Lee, is the world's largest Halloween parade and America's only major Halloween nighttime parade, attracting more than 60,000 costumed participants, two million in-person spectators, and a worldwide television audience of over 100 million.[62] The parade has its roots in New York's queer community.[55]
Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway, and a "complete rejection of commercial theatre".[63] Among the first venues for what would soon be called "Off-Off-Broadway" (a term supposedly coined by critic Jerry Tallmer of the Village Voice) were coffeehouses in Greenwich Village, in particular, the Caffe Cino at 31 Cornelia Street, operated by the eccentric Joe Cino, who early on took a liking to actors and playwrights and agreed to let them stage plays there without bothering to read the plays first, or to even find out much about the content. Also integral to the rise of Off-Off-Broadway were Ellen Stewart at La MaMa, originally located at 321 E. 9th Street, and Al Carmines at the Judson Poets' Theater, located at Judson Memorial Church on the south side of Washington Square Park.
The Village has been a center for movements that challenged the wider American culture, most notably its seminal role in sparking the gay liberation movement. The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, 53 Christopher Street. Considered together, the demonstrations are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the United States.[66][67] On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on the basis of its status in LGBTQ history,[68] and on June 24, 2016, the Stonewall National Monument was named the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the LGBTQ-rights movement.[69] Greenwich Village contains the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore, Oscar Wilde Bookshop, founded in 1967, while The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center – best known as simply "The Center" – has occupied the former Food & Maritime Trades High School at 208 West 13th Street since 1984. In 2006, the Village was the scene of an assault involving seven lesbians and a straight man that sparked appreciable media attention, with strong statements defending both sides of the case.
On June 20, 2023, the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Washington Square North was officially renamed Edie Windsor and Thea Speyer Way at the state level by New York GovernorKathy Hochul, in honor of the Greenwich Village plaintiffs who prevailed at the United States Supreme Court in 2013, in finding the Defense of Marriage Act, which had limited the definition of marriage as being valid strictly between one man and one woman, to be unconstitutional.[70]
Preservation
The Washington Square Arch, an unofficial icon of Greenwich Village and nearby New York University
Since the end of the 20th century, many artists and local historians have mourned the fact that the bohemian days of Greenwich Village are long gone, because of the extraordinarily high housing costs in the neighborhood.[71] The artists fled to other New York City neighborhoods including SoHo, Tribeca, Dumbo, Williamsburg, and Long Island City. Nevertheless, residents of Greenwich Village still possess a strong community identity and are proud of their neighborhood's unique history and fame, and its well-known liberal live-and-let-live attitudes.[71]
Historically, local residents and preservation groups have been concerned about development in the Village and have fought to preserve its architectural and historic integrity. In the 1960s, Margot Gayle led a group of citizens to preserve the Jefferson Market Courthouse (later reused as Jefferson Market Library),[72] while other citizen groups fought to keep traffic out of Washington Square Park,[73] and Jane Jacobs, using the Village as an example of a vibrant urban community, advocated to keep it that way.
Since then, preservation has been a part of the Village ethos. Shortly after the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) was established in 1965, it acted to protect parts of Greenwich Village, designating the small Charlton-King-Vandam Historic District in 1966, which contains the city's largest concentration of row houses in the Federal style, as well as a significant concentration of Greek Revival houses, and the even smaller MacDougal-Sullivan Gardens Historic District in 1967, a group of 22 houses sharing a common back garden, built in the Greek Revival style and later renovated with Colonial Revival façades. In 1969, the LPC designated the Greenwich Village Historic District – which remained the city's largest for four decades – despite preservationists' advocacy for the entire neighborhood to be designated an historic district. Advocates continued to pursue their goal of additional designation, spurred in particular by the increased pace of development in the 1990s.
Rezoned areas
396–397 West Street at West 10th Street is a former hotel which dates from 1904, and is part of the Weehawken Street Historic District.
Gansevoort Market Historic District was the first new historic district in Greenwich Village in 34 years. The 112 buildings on 11 blocks protect the city's distinctive Meatpacking District with its cobblestone streets, warehouses and rowhouses. About 70 percent of the area proposed by GVSHP in 2000 was designated a historic district by the LPC in 2003, while the entire area was listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places in 2007.[75][76]
Weehawken Street Historic District, designated in 2006, is a 14-building, three-block district near the Hudson River centering on tiny Weehawken Street and containing an array of architecture including a sailors' hotel, former stables, and a wooden house.[77]
Greenwich Village Historic District Extension I, designated in 2006, brought 46 more buildings on three blocks into the district, thus protecting warehouses, a former public school and police station, and early 19th century rowhouses. Both the Weehawken Street Historic District and the Greenwich Village Historic District Extension I were designated by the LPC in response to the larger proposal for a Far West Village Historic District submitted by GVSHP in 2004.[77]
Greenwich Village Historic District Extension II, designated in 2010, embracing 225 buildings on 12 blocks, contains 19th century houses, 19th and 20th century tenements, and a variety of cultural landmarks.[78]
South Village Historic District, designated in 2013, covers 235 buildings on 13 blocks, representing the largest single expansion of landmark protections in Greenwich Village since 1969. It includes well-preserved and renovated 19th century houses, colorful tenements, and a variety of sites important to the area's rich immigrant, artistic, and Italian-American history, as well as several low-rise, historically significant New York University buildings on Washington Square South.[79]
The Landmarks Preservation Commission designated as landmarks several individual sites proposed by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, including the former Bell Telephone Labs Complex (1861–1933), now Westbeth Artists' Housing, designated in 2011;[80] the Silver Towers/University Village Complex (1967), designed by I.M. Pei and including the Picasso sculpture Portrait of Sylvette, designated in 2008;[81] and three early 19th-century federal houses at 127, 129 and 131 MacDougal Street.
Several contextual rezonings were enacted in Greenwich Village in recent years to limit the size and height of allowable new development in the neighborhood, and to encourage the preservation of existing buildings. The following were proposed by the GVSHP and passed by the City Planning Commission:
Far West Village Rezoning, approved in 2005, was the first downzoning in Manhattan in many years, putting in place new height caps, thus ending construction of high-rise waterfront towers in much of the Village and encouraging the reuse of existing buildings.[82]
Washington and Greenwich Street Rezoning, approved in 2010, was passed in near-record time to protect six blocks from out-of-scale hotel development and maintain the low-rise character.[83]
New York University and Greenwich Village preservationists have frequently become embroiled in conflicts between the university's campus expansion efforts and the preservation of the scale and character of the Village.[84]
As one press critic put it in 2013, "For decades, New York University has waged architectural war on Greenwich Village."[85] In recent years, the university has clashed most prominently with community groups such as the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation over the construction of new NYU academic buildings and residence halls. During the design of Furman Hall in 2000, the site of which is adjacent to the Judson Memorial Church, community groups sued the university, claiming the construction of a 13-story tower on the site would "loom behind the campanile of [the church]" and "mar the historic silhouette of Greenwich Village as viewed from Washington Square Park". Despite a justice in State Supreme Court dismissing the case, the university agreed to a settlement with the groups to avoid future appeals, which included reducing the building to 9 stories and restoring the facades of two historic houses located on the site, the Judson House and a red-brick town house where Edgar Allan Poe once lived, which NYU reconstructed as they appeared in the 19th century.[86]
Another dispute arose during the construction of the 26-story Founders Hall, a residence hall planned to be constructed on the site of St. Ann's Church at 120 East Twelfth Street. Amidst protests of the demolition of the church, the university decided to maintain and restore the facade and steeple of the building, parts of which were deteriorating or missing, and it now stands freely directly in front of the 12th Street entrance of the building. Further controversy also arose over the height of the building, as well as how the university would integrate the church's facade into the building's uses; however, in 2006, NYU began construction and the new dorm was completed in December 2008.[87][88]
In recent years, the most conflict has arisen over the proposed NYU 2031 plan, which the university released in 2010 as its plan for long-term growth, both within and outside of Greenwich Village. This included a court battle over the City of New York's right to transfer three plots of Department of Transportation-owned land to the university for constructing staging, which plaintiffs claimed required the consent of the state legislature. Ultimately, the Appellate Division of New York's Supreme Court ruled in the university's favor after a lower court blocked the expansion plan; however, so far, the university has only begun construction on 181 Mercer Street, the first building in the planned 1.5-million-square-foot (140,000 m2) expansion southwards.[89][90]
Demographics
As noted in the diagram, Greenwich Village and nearby Manhattan neighborhoods are home to significant concentrations of same-sex couples.
For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Greenwich Village as part of the West Village neighborhood tabulation area.[91] According to the 2010 United States Census, the population of West Village was 66,880, a change of −1,603 (−2.4%) from the 68,483 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 583.47 acres (236.12 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 114.6/acre (73,300/sq mi; 28,300/km2).[92] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 80.9% (54,100) White, 2% (1,353) African American, 0.1% (50) Native American, 8.2% (5,453) Asian, 0% (20) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (236) from other races, and 2.4% (1,614) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 6.1% (4,054) of the population.[93] Greenwich Village is home to a significant concentration of same-sex couples.
The entirety of Community District 2, which comprises Greenwich Village and SoHo, had 91,638 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years.[94]: 2, 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[95]: 53 (PDF p. 84) Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (42%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 24% are between 45 and 64, and 15% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 10%, respectively.[94]: 2
As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including the Financial District and Tribeca) was $144,878,[96] though the median income in Greenwich Village individually was $119,728.[2] In 2018, an estimated 9% of Greenwich Village and SoHo residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Greenwich Village and SoHo, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018[update], Greenwich Village and SoHo are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[94]: 7
Manhattan's 3rd Little Italy
Throughout the 1930s, many Italian-Americans starting leaving Little Italy and moved on the north side of Houston Street and around Bleecker Street and Carmine Street. Many of them being immigrants from Naples and Sicily. Up until the late 2000s, the village was home to one of the largest Italian speaking communities in the United States.[97]
The historic Washington Square Park is the center and heart of the neighborhood. Additionally, the Village has several other, smaller parks: Christopher, Father Fagan, Little Red Square, Minetta Triangle, Petrosino Square, and Time Landscape. There are also city playgrounds, including DeSalvio Playground, Minetta, Thompson Street, Bleecker Street, Downing Street, Mercer Street, Cpl. John A. Seravelli, and William Passannante Ballfield. One of the most famous courts, is "The Cage", officially known as the West Fourth Street Courts. Sitting atop the West Fourth Street–Washington Square station at Sixth Avenue, the courts are used by basketball and American handball players from across the city. The Cage has become one of the most important tournament sites for the citywide "Streetball" amateur basketball tournament. Since 1975, New York University's art collection has been housed at the Grey Art Gallery bordering Washington Square Park, at 100 Washington Square East. The Grey Art Gallery is notable for its museum-quality exhibitions of contemporary art.
Several publications have offices in the Village, most notably the monthly magazines American Heritage and Fortune and formerly also the citywide newsweekly the Village Voice. The National Audubon Society, having relocated its national headquarters from a mansion in Carnegie Hill to a restored and very green, former industrial building in NoHo, relocated to smaller but even greener LEED certified building at 225 Varick Street,[100] on Houston Street near the Film Forum. The Salvation Army's former American headquarters at 120–130 West 14th Street is in the northern portion of Greenwich Village.[101]
Police and crime
NYPD 6th Precinct
Greenwich Village is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 233 West 10th Street.[102] The 6th Precinct ranked 68th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. This is due to a high incidence of property crime.[103] As of 2018[update], with a non-fatal assault rate of 10 per 100,000 people, Greenwich Village's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 100 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[94]: 8
The 6th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 20 rapes, 153 robberies, 121 felony assaults, 163 burglaries, 1,031 grand larcenies, and 28 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[104]
In 1916, Greenwich Village was the site of a lynching, one of the few in New York since the American Civil War. Italian immigrant and working-class shoemaker Paulo Boleta was beaten and trampled to death by a mob after randomly firing his revolver on a crowded street, wounding one bystander.[105]
As of 2018[update], preterm births are more common in Greenwich Village and SoHo than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Greenwich Village and SoHo, there were 91 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 1 teenage birth per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though the teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size.[94]: 11 Greenwich Village and SoHo have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size.[94]: 14
The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Greenwich Village and SoHo is 0.0095 mg/m3 (9.5×10−9 oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[94]: 9 Sixteen percent of Greenwich Village and SoHo residents are smokers, which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[94]: 13 In Greenwich Village and SoHo, 4% of residents are obese, 3% are diabetic, and 15% have high blood pressure, the lowest rates in the city—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[94]: 16 In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[94]: 12
Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 91% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%.[94]: 13 For every supermarket in Greenwich Village and SoHo, there are 7 bodegas.[94]: 10
Greenwich Village is located within four primary ZIP Codes. The subsection of West Village, south of Greenwich Avenue and west of Sixth Avenue, is located in 10014, while the northwestern section of Greenwich Village north of Greenwich Avenue and Washington Square Park and west of Fifth Avenue is in 10011. The northeastern part of the Village, north of Washington Square Park and east of Fifth Avenue, is in 10003. The neighborhood's southern portion, the area south of Washington Square Park and east of Sixth Avenue, is in 10012.[111] The United States Postal Service operates three post offices near Greenwich Village:
Greenwich Village and SoHo generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018[update]. The vast majority of residents age 25 and older (84%) have a college education or higher, while 4% have less than a high school education and 12% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[94]: 6 The percentage of Greenwich Village and SoHo students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.[115]
Greenwich Village and SoHo's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Greenwich Village and SoHo, 7% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.[95]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [94]: 6 Additionally, 91% of high school students in Greenwich Village and SoHo graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[94]: 6
Schools
Greenwich Village residents are zoned to two elementary schools: PS 3, Melser Charrette School, and PS 41, Greenwich Village School. Residents are zoned to Baruch Middle School 104. Residents apply to various New York City high schools. The private Greenwich Village High School was formerly located in the area, but later moved to SoHo.[116][117][118]
Greenwich Village is home to New York University, which owns large sections of the area and most of the buildings around Washington Square Park.[7][8] To the north is the campus of The New School, which is housed in several buildings that are considered historical landmarks because of their innovative architecture.[119] The New School's Sheila Johnson Design Center doubles as a public art gallery.[120]Cooper Union has been located in the East Village since its founding in 1859.[121][122]
The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches in Greenwich Village. The Jefferson Market Library is located at 425 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). The building was a courthouse in the 19th and 20th centuries before being converted into a library in 1967, and it is now a city-designated landmark.[123] The Hudson Park branch is located at 66 Leroy Street. The branch is housed in Carnegie library that was built in 1906 and expanded in 1920.[124]
Eva Kotchever (1891–1943), owner of Eve's Hangout, also called Eve Adams' Tearoom, situated at 129 MacDougal St, deported to Europe and murdered at Auschwitz.[159]
In the DC Comics universe, Wonder Woman lived in the "Village" in New York City (never called by its full name, but clearly depicted as Greenwich Village) during the late 1960s and early 1970s, when she had lost most of her superpowers. Madame Xanadu lived on Chrystie Street, described alternately as being in "Greenwich Village" and the "East Village".[182]
In Funny Face (1957), Jo Stockton (Audrey Hepburn) works at a bookstore called Embryo Concepts in the Village, where she is discovered by Dick Avery (Fred Astaire).[185]
The Collector of Bedford Street (2002) is a documentary about a neighborhood block association on Bedford Street that establishes a trust fund for a mentally disabled man named Larry Selman.[189]
In Lesley M. M. Blume's children's novel, Cornelia and the Audacious Escapades of the Somerset Sisters, the main characters reside in Greenwich Village.[194]
The suggestion of moving to the Village shocks newlywed New York aristocrat Jamie "Rick" Ricklehouse in Nora Johnson's 1985 novel Tender Offer. The implication is telling of the Village's reputation in the New York of the 1960s before mass gentrification when it was perceived as lowly and beneath upper class society.[195]
In Philip Roth's 2000 novel The Human Stain the main character Coleman Silk lives in the Village while studying at NYU.[196]
Music
"Sapokanikan" by Joanna Newsom is written about historical events that include the history of Greenwich Village.
In an interview with Jann Wenner, John Lennon said, "I should have been born in New York, I should have been born in the Village, that's where I belong."[199]
Buddy Holly and his wife Maria Elena Santiago lived in Apartment 4H of the Brevoort Apartments, at 11 Fifth Avenue in Greenwich Village. Here he recorded the series of acoustic songs, including "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" and "What to Do", known as the "Apartment Tapes", which were released after his death.[200]
The NBC sitcom Friends (1994–2004) is set in the Village. Central Perk was supposedly on Mercer or Houston Street, down the block from the Angelika Film Center;[d] and Phoebe lived at 5 Morton Street.[e] The building in the exterior shot of Chandler, Joey, Rachel, and Monica's apartment building is at the corner of Grove and Bedford Streets in the West Village.[203]
The NBC Sitcom The Cosby Show (1984–92) made several references to the Village during its run, and the townhouse used for exterior shots, though purportedly set in Brooklyn for purposes of the show, is actually located at 10 St. Luke's Place.[206]
^During the period of Dutch control over the area, the Village was called Noortwyck ("Northern District", because of its location north of the original settlement on Manhattan Island). (The colony of New Netherland was captured by English forces in 1664.) Dutch colonist Yellis Mandeville, who moved to the Village in the 1670s, called it Groenwijck after the settlement on Long Island, where he previously lived.[5]
^The eleven freed Blacks were Paul d'Angola, Big Manuel, Little Manuel, Manuel de Gerrit de Rens, Simon Congo, Anthony Portuguese. Gracia, Peter Santome, John Francisco, Little Anthony and John Fort Orange.[30]
^James Boorman Johnston (1822–1887) was a son of the prominent Scottish-born New York merchant John Johnston, in partnership with James Boorman (1783–1866) as Boorman & Johnston, developers of Washington Square North, and a founder of New York University; a group portrait of the Johnston Children 1831, is at the Museum of the City of New York[48]
^The Angelika Film Center was said to be "up the block" from Central Perk in "The One Where Ross Hugs Rachel", the sixth season's second episode, placing the coffee house on Mercer Street or Houston.
^This address was given "The One With Joey's New Brain", episode 7–15.
^ abcStonewall National Monument, National Park Service. Accessed September 26, 2024. "Stonewall is regarded by many as the single most important catalyst for the dramatic expansion of the LGBTQ civil rights movement. The riots inspired LGBTQ people throughout the country to organize and within two years of Stonewall, LGBTQ rights groups had been started in nearly every major city in the U.S. Stonewall was, as historian Lillian Faderman wrote, 'the shot heard round the world...crucial because it sounded the rally for the movement.'"
^Greif, Mark. "What Was the Hipster?",New York, October 22, 2010. Accessed April 2, 2023. "Hippie itself was originally an insulting diminutive of hipster, a jab at the sloppy kids who hung around North Beach or Greenwich Village after 1960 and didn't care about jazz or poetry, only drugs and fun."
^Yaeger, Lynn. "Why the Coolest Girls Still Go to New York City's Greenwich Village",Vogue, Spring 2017. Accessed April 2, 2023. "For decades they have come here—by plane and train, Greyhound bus and thumb—bright young things in search of a cooler, more meaningful, more creative life. Call them what you will: hipsters, rebels, rule breakers, iconoclasts—these musicians and poets, peace activists and painters, have for more than a century flown their freak flags in the historic alleyways of Greenwich Village."
^F.Y.I.Archived November 12, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, "When did the East Village become the East Village and stop being part of the Lower East Side?", Jesse McKinley, The New York Times, June 1, 1995. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
^Senate District 25Archived March 3, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
^Assembly District 66Archived January 26, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Accessed May 5, 2017.
^Walsh, Kevin (2006). Forgotten New York: The Ultimate Urban Explorer's Guide to All Five Boroughs. p. 155.
^Strausbaugh, John (April 2013). The Village: 400 Years of Beats and Bohemians, Radicals and Rogues, a History of Greenwich Village. New York City, USA: Ecco. p. 13. ISBN978-0062078193.
^Rudd, Mark. "I Was Part of the Weather Underground. Violence Is Not the Answer.", The New York Times, March 5, 2020. Accessed January 6, 2024. "Fifty years ago, on March 6, 1970, an explosion destroyed a townhouse on West 11th Street in New York’s Greenwich Village. Three people — Terry Robbins, 22, Ted Gold, 22, and Diana Oughton, 28, all close friends of mine — were obliterated when bombs they were making exploded prematurely. Two others, Kathy Boudin, 26, and Cathlyn Wilkerson, 25, escaped from the rubble."
Kugelmass, Jack (November 1993). ""The Fun Is in Dressing up": The Greenwich Village Halloween Parade and the Reimagining of Urban Space". Social Text. 36 (36): 138–152. doi:10.2307/466393. JSTOR466393.
^Berman, Andrew. "Uncovering the sites of the South Village’s secret 'Little Italy'", 6sqft, October 5, 2017. Accessed January 18, 2024. "But some of the most historically significant sites relating to the Italian-American experience in New York can be found in the Greenwich Village blocks known as the South Village–from the first church in America built specifically for an Italian-American congregation to the cafe where cappuccino was first introduced to the country, to the birthplace of Fiorello LaGuardia, NYC’s first Italian-American mayor."
^Peter Cooper. Columbia University Libraries. 1891. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
^Henry Whitney Bellows Lecture(PDF). Cooper Union Engineering Faculty. 1999. Archived(PDF) from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
^ abBiographyArchived June 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Edward Albee Society. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Albee spent the 1950s living in Greenwich Village in a number of apartments and working a variety of odd jobs (for example, a telegram delivery person) to supplement his monthly stipend from a trust fund left for him by his paternal grandmother."
^Budin, Jeremiah. "Alec Baldwin Expands Devonshire House Empire with 1BR"Archived June 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Curbed New York, September 5, 2013. Accessed June 21, 2016. "First Hathaway wants out of Dumbo, then Harris moves into Harlem, and now Alec Baldwin is staying right where he is in Greenwich Village and just buying up more space in the building he already lives in."
^Spokony, Sam. "Richard Barone is 'cool' with where he is right now"Archived August 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Villager, October 25, 2012. Accessed June 21, 2016. "And as a longtime Greenwich Village resident, Barone has certainly been just as active: He's maintained a presence as a community advocate, contributed valuable effort to a local nonprofit, and recently took on a professorship at New York University."
^Kaur, Shirleigh. "Incomparable By The Bella Twins – Book Review"Archived December 3, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, TWM, May 12, 2020. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Brie explains how she did not expect to be in love with someone like Daniel (especially as she had just established independence in New York after moving into an apartment in Greenwich Village) which is why she delayed saying yes to being his girlfriend."
^Browne, David. "Man Out of Time: The Music and Mystery of David Blue"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Rolling Stone, June 23, 2020. Accessed February 25, 2022. "He moved to Greenwich Village around 1960 with the dream of being an actor. During the next few years, he found himself in many of the Village's coffeehouses and bars, catching poets and beatniks, including the likes of Hugh Romney, later known as Wavy Gravy."
^Marino, Vivian. "Sarah Jessica Parker's House Sells for $18.25 Million"Archived April 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 3, 2015. Accessed June 21, 2016. "A 25-foot-wide Greek Revival-style townhouse on a prime tree-lined street in Greenwich Village that Sarah Jessica Parker and Matthew Broderick bought, refurbished and promptly returned to the market, sold for $18,250,000 and was the most expensive closed sale of the week, according to city records."
^de Valle, Jane Keltner. "Tour This Charming Greenwich Village Townhouse", Architectural Digest, July 30, 2020. Accessed August 21, 2023. "When Maggie Betts bought a multifamily town house in Greenwich Village 15 years ago, she did what any recent college grad would do: She invited her friends to move in. Barbara Bush settled into one unit."
^ abcdefKurutz, Steven. "What Do Anna Wintour and Bob Dylan Have in Common? This Secret Garden"Archived February 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 28, 2016. Accessed November 3, 2016. "The house is part of the Macdougal-Sullivan Gardens Historic District, a landmarked community of 21 row homes, with 11 lining Macdougal Street and 10 running parallel on Sullivan Street."
^Poli, Bruce. "Ramsey Clark: Living Legend of the Great Society"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, WestView News, April 7, 2018. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Ramsey Clark sits back and gazes out the window to the sunny streets of Greenwich Village. 'My wife was the one who chose to live here. And it's been a blessing. It's really a relaxed place and the people are great. After all, I've lived here half my life.'"
^Williams, Galen. "Outtakes: Patricia Clarkson Humor & Rue without Ado"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The Brooklyn Rail, February 2004. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Patricia Clarkson, who dates actor Campbell Scott and lives in Greenwich Village, was born in 1959, in New Orleans, and earned a master's from Yale Drama School."
^Saxon, Wolfgang. "Jacob Cohen, 74, Psychologist And Pioneer in Statistical Studies"Archived January 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, February 7, 1998. Accessed June 21, 2016. "Dr. Jacob Cohen, a professor emeritus of psychology at New York University who reinvented some of the ways researchers in the behavioral sciences gather and interpret their statistics, died on Jan. 20 at St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center. He was 74 and a resident of Greenwich Village and South Wellfleet on Cape Cod in Massachusetts."
^Janes, Andrea. "The Web of Disrepute: Washington Square's 'Weird' Literary Past"[usurped], Literary New York, August 15, 2016. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Another Washington Square author of ghostly predilections is detective writer Aleister Crowley who lived at 1 University Place in 1918. (The current building at that address was constructed in 1929, but he lived in an artist's studio that was formerly on that site.)"
^Goldstein, Patrick. "Defensive. Him?"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, September 17, 2002. Accessed February 25, 2022. "When De Palma couldn't get into a screening of \"Russian Ark,\" a Russian-German film shot in one 96-minute take, he simply found something else to see. When I beseeched him to see City of God, a Miramax film from Brazil that was my favorite festival entry, he brushed it off, saying he doesn't bother with films that he can eventually see at the theater around the corner from where he lives in Greenwich Village."
^Turner, Christopher. Adventures in the OrgasmatronArchived February 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, excerpted in The New York Times, September 23, 2011. Accessed November 2, 2016. "Greenwich Village bohemians, such as the writers Max Eastman and Floyd Dell, the anarchist Emma Goldman, who had been "deeply impressed by the lucidity" of Freud's 1909 lectures, and Mabel Dodge, who ran an avant-garde salon in her apartment on Fifth Avenue, adapted psychoanalysis to create their own free-love philosophy."
^Katz, Jamie. "The Power of YES"Archived January 30, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Columbia College Today, Winter 2014. Accessed January 30, 2022. "The youngest of four sons of the late Joseph and Helen Eisner, Eisner grew up mostly in Greenwich Village, where he graduated from the Little Red Schoolhouse and Elisabeth Irwin H.S."
^"Inside Emma Stone's Marriage"Archived January 30, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Nicki Swift, August 4, 2021. Accessed January 30, 2022. "Emma Stone made the most of her twenties: She starred in several critically and commercially successful movies, lived in New York City's Greenwich Village, shared four years of love with Andrew Garfield, and topped it all off by nabbing the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in La La Land."
^"No. 50 West 10th Street – A Carriage House with Broadway History"Archived October 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Daytonian in Manhattan, June 14, 2011. Accessed November 3, 2016. "In 1949 Evans purchased No. 50 West 10th, starting its tradition as the home to celebrated theatrical names. When Evans sold the house in May 1965 for $120,000, it was the illustrious playwright Edward Albee who moved in.... Only three years later Albee sold the house to composer and lyricist Jerry Herman for $210,000."
^Niemietz, Brian. "Gossip star Johnson begins new run with Daily News"Archived January 30, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, September 16, 2021. Accessed January 30, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Richard Johnson has put gossip-legend status on hold for one more stint as a gossip columnist His return to the biz comes just two years after retiring from the industry he revolutionized while running the New York Post's Page Six gossip page for a quarter century. The Greenwich Village native's re turn to the Daily News, where he served a short stint in 1991, begins this weekend with a column that will post online Friday and appear in Sunday's paper."
^Knapp, Gwen. "Bob Melvin visits his winter home in Manhattan", SFGATE, June 22, 2011. Accessed August 21, 2023. "The A's road trip has taken Bob Melvin to an unconventional place for a baseball manager. He and wife Kelley make their home in New York - in Greenwich Village, to be exact."
^Grove, Lloyd; Morgan, Hudson (July 15, 2005). "'GMA' Hails a High-Flying Competitor". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. If movie star Edward Norton never hears another mention of the West Side stadium, it'll be too soon. At Wednesday night's Friends of the High Line summer benefit, the West Village resident voiced his disdain....
^Brick from Poe's Last Manhattan ResidenceArchived August 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Museum of Edgar Allan Poe. Accessed November 3, 2016. "This brick was one of 700 salvaged from Poe's Greenwich Village home after the building was demolished by New York University."
^Finn, Terri Lowen. "Leontyne Price Returning"Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 13, 1981. Accessed December 19, 2016. "On a recent morning at her Federal Era home in Greenwich Village, Miss Price agreed to share some of her thoughts on the satisfactions – and pitfalls – of a vocal career, and her plans for the future."
^Itzkoff, Dave. "James Spader Prepares for Avengers: Age of Ultron"Archived January 1, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, April 22, 2015. Accessed November 3, 2016. "One overcast spring afternoon, James Spader was lurking in plain sight, standing on the stoop of the Greenwich Village townhouse where he lives, wearing a sport coat, a fedora and a bright purple scarf, smoking a cigarette and talking on a cellphone with the producers of his NBC series, The Blacklist."
^Vitello, Paul. "Anita Steckel, Artist Who Created Erotic Works, Dies at 82", The New York Times, March 25, 2012. Accessed August 21, 2023. "Ms. Steckel, who lived and worked most of her life in a small studio in Greenwich Village, told interviewers that she had always felt a tension between being a woman who liked men and being an artist who chafed at the limits that men had historically placed on women."
^"Uma Thurman's stalker arrested"Archived December 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, London Evening Standard, December 1, 2010. Accessed December 19, 2016. "During his 2008 trial, Jordan – who had been found outside the star's home in Greenwich Village, New York – said he would have left the Pulp Fiction beauty alone if he knew his behaviour was scaring her."
^Farmer, Ann. "35 Lucky, and Hungry, Diners Eat and Walk With Calvin Trillin"Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 5, 2008. Accessed December 19, 2016. "The tour stems from the Sunday strolls he would take with his wife, Alice, and their two daughters. Starting from their home in Greenwich Village and ending in Chinatown, they would stop to sample some of the city's best ethnic dishes at various Old World and hole-in-the-wall establishments."
^Chloe WebbArchived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, AllMovie. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Born - Jun 25, 1956 in Greenwich Village, New York, United States"
^Chloe Webb, Turner Classic Movies. Accessed August 21, 2023. "Chloe Webb was born in New York City's long-time bohemian conclave Greenwich Village on June 25, 1956."
^"Comics are the literature of outcasts"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Researching Greenwich Village History; Companion site to Creating Digital History (NYU GA HIST.2033), November 4, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2022. "Wonder Woman herself lived in the Village in the sixties and seventies. Madame Xanadu, a sorceress based on the Arthurian legend of Nimue, had her salon on Chrystie Street."
^Herman, David. "A 'Strange' Spot, on Bleecker Street"Archived February 25, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Village Preservation Blog, June 2, 2021. Accessed February 25, 2022. "You're walking along Bleecker Street in the heart of Greenwich Village when the hairs on the back of your neck stand on end.... You've arrived at your destination: 177A Bleecker Street, better known as the Sanctum Sanctorum, and home to the famed sorcerer-hero, Dr. Strange."
^Itzkoff, Dave. "ARTSBEAT; Judge Clears Disturbia In Infringement Suit"Archived February 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 23, 2010. Accessed November 3, 2016. "No matter what James Stewart thought he saw from his wheelchair perched perilously close to the window overlooking his Greenwich Village courtyard in Rear Window, a federal judge said she did not see enough similarities between that 1954 Alfred Hitchcock thriller and the 2007 film Disturbia to rule that it infringed on the copyright of the earlier movie."
^La Ferla, Ruth. "Downbeat Never Looked So Good"Archived February 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, August 17, 2006. Accessed November 3, 2016. "Looking lithe if slightly owlish, Audrey Hepburn made a fetching bookstore-clerk-turned-model in Funny Face, the action of that 1957 film whisking her from grotty Greenwich Village to the Left Bank of Paris."
^Hoffman, Jordan. "Have What They're Having: Taking the When Harry Met Sally... Tour of New York", Vanity Fair, July 11, 2019. Accessed August 21, 2023. "Find the right partner, Ephron and Reiner are saying, and you can basically live out this story. The backdrop is waiting for you—starting with the Washington Square Arch, a gorgeous marble edifice erected in 1892 that literally bookends this story."
^Whitty, Stephen. "Family Viewing: Wait Until Dark"Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ArtiSyndicate, February 22, 2014. Accessed November 3, 2016. "Wait Until Dark 1967: Directed by Terence Young. With Audrey Hepburn, Alan Arkin.... Once upon a time: Susy, the 'world's champion blind lady,' is alone in her chic Greenwich Village apartment when the doorbell rings."
^Baltake, Joe. "Big Daddy: Sandler goes soft, and film stops being fun", Kitsap Sun, June 25, 1999. Accessed August 21, 2023. "Sonny, it seems, manages to get by working one day a week as a New York tollbooth cashier. But somehow, he also manages to afford this elaborate and trendy Greenwich Village loft, which he shares with one of his best friends, Kevin (Jon Stewart in a non-role), who is quickly moving past Sonny."
^Heskin, Lauren. "Take a look inside Taylor Swift's old Cornelia Street apartment", Image, April 20, 2023. Accessed August 21, 2023. "The ninth song on the album Lover, 'Cornelia Street' focuses on the beginning of a relationship that takes shape at a place on New York City's Cornelia Street. Taylor rented a townhouse there in 2016 and the song is thought to be about Joe Alwyn, who she began dating around that time."
^Vinciguerra, Thomas. "The Shoe Leather Never Wears Thin At This Cop Shop", The New York Times, October 28, 2011. Accessed August 21, 2023. "It was a half-hour comedy set in a couple of grimy Greenwich Village squad rooms, populated by misfits who spent much of their time filling out paperwork and grumbling about bad coffee. On ABC from 1975 to 1982, Barney Miller rewrote the rules of cop shows and sitcoms alike."
^Fine, Alicia. "Girl Meets World Creates Weird Fratty Version of NYU", Medium, September 22, 2015. Accessed May 5, 2024. "In Girl Meets World ultimate relationship goals couple Cory and Topanga have stood the test of time. 14 years after the events of Boy Meets World the two are living in a spacious Greenwich Village apartment with their daughter, the show’s lead character Riley (Rowan Blanchard), and her little brother."
Comune di Bologna (dettagli) Motto: Libertas Dati amministrativiLingue parlateVolgare bolognese, latino CapitaleBologna (50 000 ab. / metà XIII secolo) Dipendente daSacro Romano Impero (fino al 1183) PoliticaForma di governoLibero comune PodestàPodestà di Bologna Organi deliberativiArengo Nascita15 maggio 1116[1] CausaL'Imperatore Enrico V rilascia un diploma che attesta alcuni privilegi alla città Fine5 settembre 1278 CausaIl governo guelfo presta giuramento ...
ЛьєдершидLiederschiedt Країна Франція Регіон Гранд-Ест Департамент Мозель Округ Сарргемін Кантон Біч Код INSEE 57402 Поштові індекси 57230 Координати 49°07′19″ пн. ш. 7°30′00″ сх. д.H G O Висота 257 - 422 м.н.р.м. Площа 5,99 км² Населення 119 (01-2020[1]) Густота 22,7 ос./км² Розм...
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Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang kota di Jepang. Untuk fenomena di Ghana, lihat Sakawa. Untuk kapal penjelajah ringan milik Jepang, lihat Kapal penjelajah Jepang Sakawa. Sakawa 佐川町Kota kecil BenderaLambangLokasi Sakawa di Prefektur KōchiNegara JepangWilayahShikokuPrefektur KōchiDistrikTakaokaLuas • Total101 km2 (39 sq mi)Populasi (Oktober 1, 2015) • Total13.114 • Kepadatan129,8/km2 (3,360/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+09:0...
Existen desacuerdos sobre la neutralidad en el punto de vista de la versión actual de este artículo o sección.En la página de discusión puedes consultar el debate al respecto. Dos antiguas figuras antropomorfas de Perú La antropología de la religión es una rama de la antropología que estudia el origen, desarrollo y evolución de los fenómenos religiosos en las distintas sociedades y grupos humanos. La antropología moderna adopta una completa continuidad entre el pensamiento mágico...
For the set of channels in the United Kingdom formerly known as Sky Movies, see Sky Cinema. Television channel Sky MoviesLogo used since 2019CountryNew ZealandProgrammingPicture format1080i (HDTV) 16:9OwnershipOwnerSky Network TelevisionHistoryLaunched18 May 1990; 33 years ago (18 May 1990)LinksWebsiteOfficial Site Sky Movies is a group of subscription television movie channels in New Zealand operated by Sky. Sky Movies was started in 1990 as one of the original channels on the S...
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Sign language used by Mayan communities in Mexico and Guatemala This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Maya Sign LanguageNative toMexico, GuatemalaRegionIsolated villages in south-central Yucatán, Guatemalan HighlandsNative speakers17 deaf in Chican (2012)[1]400 hearing...
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This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Technical University of Cluj-NapocaUniversitatea Tehnică din Cluj-NapocaLatin: Uni...
Hieronymus Heyerdahl Hieronymus Heyerdahl (31 August 1773 – 6 March 1847) was a Norwegian minister and politician.[1] Hieronymus Heyerdahl was born in Aremark in Østfold, Norway. He attended Christiania Latin School from which he graduated in 1790. After studying at the University of Copenhagen, he earned his theological degree in 1794. He served a parish priest for more than 50 years. He served as minister in Stjørdal from 1812, and in Gran from 1835, where he remained until ...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Common beisa oryx – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Common beisa oryx Conservation status Endangered (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylu...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
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