Bekhorot

Pidyon haben

Bekorot (Hebrew: בכורות, "First-borns") is the name of a tractate of the Mishnah and Talmud which discusses the laws of first-born animals and humans. It is one of the tractates forming Seder Kodashim (Hebrew סדר קודשים, "Order of Holy Things").

The primary focus of the tractate relates to the ritual sacrifice (or slaughter) of first-born animals.[1] Priests were required to inspect the first-born for blemishes prior to consecration. These blemishes are enumerated in both the Mishnah and Tosefta. An exemption is made for the first-born son, who is "redeemed" in the Pidyon haben ceremony.[2]

Mishna

The tractate contains nine chapters:

  • Chapter 1 on the first-born donkey (Petter Chamor)
  • Chapters 2-6 on the first-born of kosher cattle (calf, lamb, or kid): cases of exemption through partnership with a non-Jew (chapter 2); cases of doubt whether an animal is first-born or not (3); on first-born cattle having a blemish (4); on cases of blemishes willfully caused by the owner (5); a list of blemishes (6).
  • Chapter 7 on the first-born son and laws of his redemption (Pidyon haben).
  • Chapter 8 on blemishes that disqualify a priest for the sacrificial service
  • Chapter 9 on laws concerning the animal tithe—a subject which has many things in common with the "first-born" (see Zevahim 5:8).

Besides chapters 7 and 9, there are a few digressions in the tractate. 1:7 speaks of the option between redeeming the first-born donkey and killing it, and recommends the former course; a few parallels are then introduced of option between two courses, of which one is recommended. The examination of the blemishes of the first-born animal had to be done gratis (4:5,6), but an exception is made in favor of a professional veterinary surgeon, such as Ila (or Ayla; in Tosefta Bekhorot 4:11, Amlah). In the same chapter another veterinary authority is named: Theodos the physician (4:4).

To take payment for giving a decision in religious matters was considered unlawful and it rendered the decision invalid (4:6). When unqualified persons caused loss through their decision, they had to compensate for the loss; not so in the case of qualified persons (4:4). Transfer of property is generally reversed in the Jubilee year; but what the first-born obtains by his birthright remains his forever. Parallel cases are given in 8:10.

Tosefta

In the Tosefta the treatise Bekorot has likewise the fourth place, and is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 corresponds to the first chapter of the Mishnah; chapter 2 to 2-3; chapter 3 to 4-5; chapter 4 to 6; chapter 5 to 7; chapter 6 to 8; chapter 7 to 9. The Tosefta differs greatly from the Mishnah in the enumeration of the blemishes and in their names. In addition to names of blemishes, the Tosefta expands on different scenarios in which a Kohen may find himself when determining the status of a first-born, for example when a creature gives birth to an animal resembling another species.[3]

Talmud

The Jerusalem Talmud does not contain a tractate Bekhorot. The Babylonian Talmud contains such a tractate, where it has the third place in the Seder.

In addition to the common theme of purity, the Babylonian Talmud expands on the exemption of the first-born Levite, or Kohen. The child of a Levite mother, or Kohenim, regardless whether or not the father is a Levite or Israelite, is automatically exempt from the "toll". This exemption is due to the notion that first-born males are already born in the service of God thus redemption is not needed.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd Ed., Vol III. ed.). MacMillan Reference USA.
  2. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-19-508605-8.
  3. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd Ed. Vol. III. ed.). MacMillan Reference USA.
  4. ^ Fine, Lawrence (2001). Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages through the Early Modern Period. Princeton University Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-691-05786-9.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainSinger, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Bekorot". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

Read other articles:

Location of Oscar II Coast on Antarctic Peninsula. Austa Ridge (Bulgarian: хребет Ауста, ‘Hrebet Austa’ \'hre-bet a-'us-ta\) is the partly ice-free ridge extending 24 km and 11 km wide on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land descending eastwards from the south extremity of Forbidden Plateau towards Caution Point. It rises to over 1800 m[1] at its west extremity, and surmounts Jorum Glacier and Borima Bay to the north, Exasperation Inlet to the east, and Spillane Fjor...

 

Indian poet and literary critic Sitakant MahapatraMahapatra in 2015Born (1937-09-17) 17 September 1937 (age 86)Kendrapara District, Odisha, IndiaNationalityIndianOccupation(s)Poet, literary criticNotable workSabdara Akasha (The Sky of Words) (1971)Samudra (1977)AwardsSahitya Akademi Award (1974)Jnanpith Award (1993)Padma Bhushan (2002)Padma Vibhushan (2011)SAARC Literary Award (2015) Sitakant Mahapatra (born 17 September 1937) is an Indian poet[1] and literary critic in Odia as w...

 

Ген загального облисіння епістатичний генам для світлого волосся або рудого волосся. Фенотип облисіння замінює гени кольору волосся і тому ефекти не є адитивними. Не слід плутати з Епітасис і Епістаксис. Епіста́з (від грец. ἐπίστασις — «зупинка, затримка») — взаєм...

Charles Messier Charles Messier (26 Juni 1730 – 12 April 1817) adalah astronom Prancis yang terkenal dengan katalognya tentang objek-objek langit dalam, seperti nebula dan gugus bintang, berjumlah 103 yang kemudian dikenal sebagai Objek Messier. Messier sebenarnya adalah seorang pemburu komet dan katalog tersebut ditujukan untuk membantu membedakan antara objek-objek langit difus yang berposisi tetap dan yang berpindah-pindah. Kehidupan Messier dilahirkan di Badonviller di wilayah Lorraine,...

 

33-й (25-й) піший Чернігівський полк у Чернігові — військова одиниця Армії УНР, що виникла в результаті українізації 329-го піхотного Бузулукського полку російської армії. Створення На початку листопада 1918 року нараховував 70 багнетів. Разом з іншими частинами армії УНР дій

 

Long Island Rail Road station in Suffolk County, New York Cold Spring HarborCold Spring Harbor stationGeneral informationLocationWest Pulaski Road & East Gate DriveHuntington, New YorkCoordinates40°50′06″N 73°27′06″W / 40.835056°N 73.451611°W / 40.835056; -73.451611Owned byLong Island Rail RoadPlatforms2 side platformsTracks2ConnectionsNYS Bike Route 25A[1]ConstructionParkingYes; Town of Huntington residential permitsBicycle facilitiesYes; Bike ...

الرعاية قصيرة الأمد هي تقديم تفريج مؤقت قصير الأمد لهؤلاء الذين يقدمون الرعاية لأفراد الأسرة في حالة إذا كان الأمر يتطلب وضع الفرد في مصحة دائمة خارج المنزل. تقدم برامج الرعاية قصيرة الأمد استراحات منظمة قصيرة ومحدودة الأمد للأسر وآخرين من مقدمي الرعاية الصحية المجانية ل...

 

Branch of mathematics For other uses, see Topology (disambiguation). Not to be confused with topography or typology. A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot. The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 41. In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, tw...

 

Israeli linguist Moshe Goshen-Gottstein (Hebrew: משה גושן-גוטשטיין) (6 September 1925 – 14 September 1991) was a German-born professor of Semitic linguistics and biblical philology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and director of the lexicographical institute and Biblical research institute of Bar-Ilan University. Biography Moshe Goshen-Gottstein was born in Berlin. He immigrated to Palestine in 1939 to escape the Nazis, and studied at the Hebrew University of Jerus...

Valery Nikolayevich SoyferBorn(1936-10-16)October 16, 1936Gorky, USSR (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)NationalityAmericanCitizenshipUSAlma materMoscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Department of Biophysics, School of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityKnown forAction of radiation and chemicals on DNA, DNA repair, triple-helical nucleic acids, history of scienceSpouseDr. Nina I. Soyfer, retired Research ProfessorAwardsInternational Gregor Mendel Medal (1995), Gregor Mende...

 

Religion in France (2021)[1]   Roman Catholicism (47%)  Protestantism (2%)  Orthodox Christianity (1%)  No religion (33%)  Islam (4%)  Buddhism (2%)  Judaism (1%)  Other religions (1%)  Undeclared (9%) St. Gatianus' Cathedral in Tours. A sculpture depicting the final judgement of sinners by Jesus at Amiens Cathedral, a World Heritage Site. The majority of the religious population in France identi...

 

South Korean actress In this Korean name, the family name is Yang. Yang Hye-jiBornYang Hye-ji (1996-01-20) 20 January 1996 (age 27)South KoreaOccupationActressYears active2016–presentAgentAwesome ENTKnown forLive On Nevertheless When the Weather Is FineRelativesAhn Nae-sang (uncle) Yang Hye-ji (Korean: 양혜지; born 20 January 1996) is South Korean actress.[1] She is best known for her roles in dramas such as Live On, Nevertheless, When the Weather Is Fine,...

United States Army general This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Ricky G. Adams – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template...

 

Mercedes-Benz W222 Общие данные Производитель Mercedes-Benz Годы производства 2013—2020 Сборка Зиндельфинген, Германия Пуна , Индия Пекан, Малайзия Богор, Индонезия Самутпракан (провинция), Таиланд Хошимин, Вьетнам Класс представительский Дизайн и конструкция Тип кузова 4‑дв. седан (5...

 

Ice hockey team in North Richland Hills, TexasFort Worth BrahmasCityNorth Richland Hills, TexasLeagueCentral Hockey LeagueConferenceBerryFounded1997 (In the WPHL)Home arenaNYTEX Sports CentreColorsBlack, PurpleFranchise history1997–2006Fort Worth Brahmas2007–2012Texas Brahmas2012–2013Fort Worth BrahmasChampionshipsRegular season titles1997-98 Governors Cup ChampionsDivision titles2007-08 Northeast Division Champs, 2008-09 Southeast Division ChampsConference titles2008-09 Southern Confer...

Дзвіниця Почаївської лаври Дзвіниця Почаївської лаври 50°00′17″ пн. ш. 25°30′25″ сх. д. / 50.00472° пн. ш. 25.50694° сх. д. / 50.00472; 25.50694Координати: 50°00′17″ пн. ш. 25°30′25″ сх. д. / 50.00472° пн. ш. 25.50694° сх. д. / 50.00472; 25.50694Тип спору...

 

Explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world Information mapping Topics and fields Business decision mapping Data visualization Graphic communication Infographics Information design Knowledge visualization Mental model Morphological analysis Ontology (computer science) Schema (psychology) Visual analytics Visual language Node–link approaches Argument map Cladistics Cognitive map Concept lattice Concept map Conceptual graph Decision tree Dendrogram Gra...

 

O Campeonato Mundial de Judô de 1975 foi a 9° edição do Campeonato Mundial de Judô, realizada em Viena, Áustria, em 23 a 25 de outubro de 1975. Medalhistas Homens Evento Ouro Prata Bronze -63 kg | Katsuhiko Kashiwazaki Felice Mariani Torsten Reissmann -70 kg Vladimir Nevzorov Valery Dvoinikov |- -80 kg Shozo Fujii Yoshimi Hara Adam Adamczik Jean-Paul Coche -93 kg Jean-Luc Rougé Michinori Ishibashi Victor Betanov Ramaz Harshiladze +93 kg Sumio Endo Sergei Novikov Gil Jong Pak Chonosuke ...

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Motor vehicle Tata GlobusOverviewManufacturerTata MotorsAssemblyACGL, GoaBody and chassisClassbusPowertrainEnginevarious options Tata Globus is a range of fully built buses manufactured by Tata Motors. The Ta...

 

2012 film by John Hyams For other uses, see Dragon eye (disambiguation). Dragon EyesOfficial film posterDirected byJohn HyamsWritten byTim ToriProduced by Alan Amiel Joel Silver Moshe Diamant Steve Richards Courtney Solomon Starring Cung Le Jean-Claude Van Damme CinematographyStephen SchlueterEdited by Andrew Bentler Andrew Drazek Jon Greenhalgh Music byMichael KrassnerProductioncompanies After Dark Films Dark Castle Entertainment Silver Pictures Distributed byAfter Dark FilmsRelease date Apr...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!