荷蘭考古學家巴納特·坎坡斯(August Johan Bernet Kempers)認為,「Borobudur」可能源自於梵语「Vihara Buddha Uhr」,翻成爪哇語後發音與原先有差異,「Buddha Uhr」可能指佛陀之城;另一個可能是「Beduhur」可能是古爪哇語,今日巴厘语中仍然存在這個詞彙,其由詞幹「dhuhur」或「luhur」構成,意思為高處,表示婆羅浮屠的意思是位於高處或山上的佛寺[15]。
雅克·杜馬凱(法语:Jacques Dumarçay)(Jacques Dumarçay)與甘帕蒂·塔尼卡莫尼(英语:Ganapathi Thanikaimoni)(Ganapathi Thanikaimoni)教授於1974年、1977年從山上的試驗溝與南方緊鄰的平原採集土壤樣本,之後塔尼卡莫尼分析樣本中花粉和孢子的種類,以確認在婆羅浮屠建造年代該地區的植被類型。研究發現並無任何已知生長在湖泊、池塘或沼澤等水生植物的花粉或孢子,婆羅浮屠建造時,周圍的地區似乎被農田和棕櫚樹包圍,這與今日景象相同[21]。凱撒·佛特(Caesar Voûte)與地貌學家諾辛(Nossin)在1985-1986年的田野調查中重新審視婆羅浮屠湖假說,確認婆羅浮屠建造與作為聖所時,周圍沒有湖泊。調查結果撰寫成文章〈A New Perspective on Some Old Questions Pertaining to Borobudur〉(婆羅浮屠一些老問題的新觀點),發表於2005年聯合國教科文組織出版的刊物《The Restoration of Borobudur》(婆羅浮屠的修復)當中[22]:213-219。
荷屬東印度政府隨後分別委託弗蘭斯·卡瑞爾·威爾森(Frans Carel Wilsen),以及揚·弗雷德里克·格里特·布魯蒙德(Jan Frederik Gerrit Brumund)調查此歷史遺跡,而後威爾森繪製了數百張婆羅浮屠草圖。婆羅浮屠的調查於1859年完成,政府打算以布魯蒙德的研究為基礎,搭配威爾森繪製的草圖發表文章,但布魯蒙德拒絕,之後政府委託另一位學者康拉杜斯·李曼斯(英语:Conradus Leemans)(Conradus Leemans)根據布魯蒙德和威爾森的資料編寫一本專書,於1873年出版。1874年,其法文譯本出版。第一張婆羅浮屠的照片由荷蘭雕刻家伊西多爾·范·金斯貝根(英语:Isidore van Kinsbergen)(Isidore van Kinsbergen)於1872年拍攝。[3]:6, 42
1885年起,婆羅浮屠引起了人們的注意。當時荷蘭工程師,同時也是日惹考古學會主席的揚·威廉·伊澤曼(Jan Willem IJzerman)發現了被埋藏的基部(柱腳)[32]。1890-1891年間拍攝的照片顯示了被埋藏的基部上的浮雕。這一發現促使荷屬東印度群島政府採取措施保護這座歷史遺跡。1900 年,政府成立了一個委員會以評估婆羅浮屠情況,委員會有3名成員:藝術史學家揚·洛倫斯·安德里斯·布蘭德斯(Jan Lourens Andries Brandes)、荷蘭陸軍工程官西奧多·范厄普,以及公共工程部建築工程師本傑明·威廉·范·卡梅爾(Benjamin Willem van de Kamer)[3]:43。
1985年1月21日,九座佛塔被九枚炸彈嚴重損壞[59][60]。極端穆斯林教士侯賽因·阿里·哈布西(Husein Ali Al Habsyie)因策劃了包括寺廟襲擊在內的一系列爆炸事件,在1991年被判處無期徒刑。兩名執行爆炸的伊斯蘭極端組織成員在1986年各被判處20年徒刑,另一人被判處13年徒刑[61]。
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^Paul Michel Munoz. Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Singapore: Didier Millet. 2007. ISBN 978-981-4155-67-0.
^ 35.035.1Caesar Voûte. The Restoration and Conservation Project of Borobudur Temple, Indonesia. Planning: Research: Design. Studies in Conservation. 1973, 18 (3): 113–130. JSTOR 1505654. doi:10.2307/1505654.
^David L. Snellgrove. Borobudur: Stūpa or Maṇḍala?. East and West (Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente). 1996-12, 46 (3/4): 477–483 [2022-04-01]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-01).
^Pangguyangan. Dinas Pariwisata dan Budaya Provinsi Jawa Barat. [2022-02-16]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-24) (印度尼西亚语).
^Anom I. G. N. Maruta; Sri Sugiyanti; Hadniwati Hasibuan. Maulana Ibrahim; Samidi , 编. Hasil Pemugaran dan Temuan Benda Cagar Budaya PJP I. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 1996 [2022-02-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-26) (印度尼西亚语).
^Peter Ferschin; Andreas Gramelhofer amp. Architecture as Information Space. 8th Int. Conf. on Information Visualization. IEEE: 181–186. 2004. doi:10.1109/IV.2004.1320142.
^P.S. Jaini. The Story of Sudhana and Manohara: An Analysis of the Texts and the Borobudur Reliefs. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 1966, 29 (3): 533–558. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 611473. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00073407.
^Michael Wood. Chapter 2: Archaeology, National Histories, and National Borders in Southeast Asia. James Clad; Sean M.M cDonald; Bruce Vaughan (编). The Borderlands of Southeast Asia. NDU Press. 2011 [2022-02-16]. ISBN 9781780399225. (原始内容存档于2021-05-25).
Parmono Atmadi. Some Architectural Design Principles of Temples in Java: A study through the buildings projection on the reliefs of Borobudur temple. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 1988. ISBN 979-420-085-9.
Luis O. Gomez; Hiram W. Woodward. Barabudur, history and significance of a Buddhist monument. presented at the Int. Conf. on Borobudur, Univ. of Michigan, 16–17 May 1974. Berkeleyamp: Asian Humanities Press. 1981. ISBN 0-89581-151-0.
Roy E. Jordaan. Imagine Buddha in Prambanan: Reconsidering the Buddhist Background of the Loro Jonggrang Temple Complex. Leiden: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Ocenanië, Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. 1993. ISBN 90-73084-08-3.
R. Soekmono; J.G. de Casparis; J. Dumarçay; P. Amranand; P. Schoppert. Borobudur: A Prayer in Stone. Singapore: Archipelago Press. 1990. ISBN 2-87868-004-9.
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