古鴨龍屬

古鸭龙属
化石时期:白堊紀晚期, 85.8–84.9 Ma
Ramírez-Velasco et al., 2012
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
演化支 禽龍類 Iguanodontia
演化支 橡树龙形态类 Dryomorpha
演化支 直拇指龍類 Ankylopollexia
演化支 硬棘龍類 Styracosterna
演化支 鴨嘴龍形類 Hadrosauriformes
总科: 鴨嘴龍超科 Hadrosauroidea
演化支 鴨嘴龍形態類 Hadrosauromorpha
属: 古鸭龙属 Huehuecanauhtlus
模式種
提奎丘古鴨龍
Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis

Ramírez-Velasco et al., 2012

古鴨龍屬屬名Huehuecanauhtlus,意為「古老的鴨」),是鳥腳亚目鴨嘴龍超科恐龍的一,生存於白堊紀晚期的北美洲。目前只有唯一種,模式種提奎丘古鴨龍H. tiquichensis[1]

發現與命名

古鴨龍目前已發現兩個標本,都發現於墨西哥中南部的米卻肯州提奎丘,來自於未命名的地層,地質年代約8580萬到8350萬年前,相當於白堊紀晚期的桑托階[1]。在北美洲桑托階地層發現的古鴨龍,顯示鴨嘴龍類從亞洲遷徙到北美洲的時間不晚於阿爾比階,或是兩個大陸互相連接時,鴨嘴龍類的祖先曾在兩個大陸間遷徙。

正模標本(編號IGM 6253)是一個破碎的頭顱骨與身體骨骼,包含:部分左上頜骨齒骨碎片、四節頸椎、九節背椎、四個背椎的神經棘、一個背椎的橫突、五個右側肋骨、七個左側肋骨、七個薦椎的神經棘與橫突、三節尾椎、兩個尾椎的神經棘、一個尾椎的橫突、八個破碎的骨化肌腱、部分左與右側腸骨、部分左與右側恥骨副模標本(編號IGM 6254)的體型較小,只包含:破碎的左齒骨、兩顆牙齒、以及一個頸椎的前關節突[1]

在2012年,Angel Alejandro Ramírez-Velasco等墨西哥籍古生物學家,將這兩個標本進行正式敘述、命名,模式種提奎丘古鴨龍H. tiquichensis)。在當地納瓦特爾語(某種阿茲提克的方言)裡,屬名的huehuetl意為「古老的」,canauhtli意為「」,意指牠們是種古老的鴨嘴龍超科恐龍;種名是以化石發現處的提奎丘為名,在化石挖掘期間,當地居民曾協助、招待工作團隊的生活[1]

體徵

研究人員在命名古鴨龍時,列出牠們的鑑定特徵。口鼻部的第三顆牙齒、上頜骨齒骨的第三顆牙齒位於相同咬合平面上。牠們具有七節薦椎。已發現的後段背椎、薦椎具有長神經棘,神經棘的長度約是所屬椎體的3.5到4倍。如同破碎龍,上髖臼突的長度,是腸骨板的75%;上髖臼突的頂端,接觸坐骨結節的後腹側。不同於其他鴨嘴龍超科腸骨的前髖臼突偏斜程度大,與腸骨、坐骨之間的夾角小於130°。腸骨板的背側有個相當深的凹處(可容納上髖臼突),這點不同於其他基礎鴨嘴龍超科恐龍[1]

分類

研究人員在命名古鴨龍時,也提出種系發生學分析,範圍涵蓋許多鴨嘴龍超科,但不包含破碎龍黑亞瓦提龍列弗尼斯氏龍南陽龍雙廟龍沼澤龍。他們發現古鴨龍比原巴克龍還要衍化,但比鴨嘴龍科還要原始。以下演化樹來自於古鴨龍的命名研究,只顯示基礎型鴨嘴龍超科的部分[1]

鴨嘴龍超科 

蘭州龍

福井龍

鴨頜龍

馬鬃龍

原巴克龍

原賴氏龍

始鴨嘴龍

譚氏龍

巴克龍

泥隱龍

計氏龍

古鴨龍

金塔龍

特提斯鴨嘴龍

鴨嘴龍科

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 (英文)Angel Alejandro Ramírez-Velasco, Mouloud Benammi, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Jesús Alvarado Ortega and René Hernández-Rivera. Huehuecanauhtlus tiquichensis, a new hadrosauroid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Michoacán, Mexico. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2012, 49 (2): 379–395 [2012-05-18]. doi:10.1139/e11-062. (原始内容存档于2020-06-12). 

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