南極洲氣候變化(英語:Climate change in Antarctica)在整個南極大陸所造成的氣溫變化並非每處一致。西部南極洲變暖加速,而大陸內陸部分(參見南極洲地理(英语:Georgraphy of Antarctica))則因風的緣故而變得較冷。西部南極洲的海水溫度從1955年起已升高1°C。水溫和陸地溫度再進一步升高將會影響這塊大陸的氣候、冰體與生活於此的動植物,並對全球產生影響。由南極洲冰芯取得的數據顯示目前的溫室氣體濃度比以往任何時期都高,表示此塊大陸的變暖並非來自自然循環,而是人為所導致全球變暖的結果。
南極洲於1992年至2017年期間已失去2,720 ± 1,390吉噸(Gt,10億噸)的冰體,推測到2100年,由南極洲冰層融化而來的水會讓全球海平面上升25厘米。南極冰蓋的融化,特別是西部南極洲的,將會導致洋流變化,而影響全球。這塊大陸的生物多樣性受到氣候變化的影響,但影響程度尚難確定,因為其上的許多物種仍未被發現。目前已有的植物(英语:Antarctic flora)與動物(英语:Wildlife of Antarctica)的變化記錄,包括有植物種群規模增加,[1]以及企鵝對於新棲息地的調適。[2]氣溫升高導致永久凍土融化,而把封存於冰中的溫室氣體和化學物質釋放。[3]
^Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (编), Observations: Cryosphere, Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2014: 317–382 [2022-05-15], ISBN 978-1-107-05799-9, doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.012, (原始内容存档于2021-06-14)
^Olech, Maria; Słaby, Agnieszka. Changes in the lichen biota of the Lions Rump area, King George Island, Antarctica, over the last 20 years. Polar Biology. August 2016, 39 (8): 1499–1503. ISSN 0722-4060. S2CID 16099068. doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1863-0(英语).
^Liggett, Daniela; Frame, Bob; Gilbert, Neil; Morgan, Fraser. Is it all going south? Four future scenarios for Antarctica. Polar Record. September 2017, 53 (5): 459–478. doi:10.1017/S0032247417000390.
IPCC. Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S. L.; et al , 编. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis(PDF). Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (In Press). 2021 [2023-10-02]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2021-08-09).
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