Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

八文字DNA

八文字DNA(英語:Hachimoji DNA,Hachimoji源自日語「八文字」的發音),是一種人工合成核酸類似物,除含有四種天然DNA中含有的鹼基腺嘌呤(A)、胸腺嘧啶(T)、鳥嘌呤(G)、胞嘧啶(C)外,還含有另外四種天然DNA中不含有的鹼基5-氮雜-7-脫氮鳥嘌呤(P)、6-氨基-5-硝基吡啶-2-酮(Z)、異鳥嘌呤(B)、1-甲基胞嘧啶(dS)。八文字DNA中的鹼基配對除天然DNA的A-T和G-C外,還存在Z-P與dS-B兩種配對方式。八文字DNA也存在對應形式的八文字RNA[1][2][3][4][5]

八文字DNA能存儲比DNA更多的信息,對搜尋地外生命的研究也有推動作用[5][6]

介紹

天然存在的DNA是目前發現的所有細胞生物遺傳信息的載體,由A、T、G、C四種鹼基編碼遺傳信息。天然DNA的基本組成單元是核苷酸,通過3′,5′-磷酸二酯鍵組成骨架。兩條核苷酸鏈之間通過互補鹼基形成的氫鍵共價結合,組成雙螺旋結構[7][8]

八文字DNA中額外含有四個天然DNA中不存在的鹼基P、Z、B、dS(在八文字RNA中記爲rS(異胞嘧啶)),其中P與Z配對,B與S配對(在八文字RNA中配對是B與rS)[1][5]。八文字DNA中的非天然鹼基疏水性高於天然DNA,不過仍然可以形成與天然DNA相似的雙螺旋結構。體外(in vitro)實驗表明,經過改造的T7 RNA聚合酶能將八文字DNA轉錄成對應的八文字RNA[4][5]

縮寫 全名 分子式 SMILES 分子結構 ChemSpider PubChem
P 5-氮雜-7-脫氮鳥嘌呤

2-amino-8-(1′-b-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo-[1,2a]-1,3,5-triazin-[8H]-4-one[1]

C5H5N5O C1=CN2C(=O)NC(=NC2=N1)N
10205066页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 135600909页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
Z 6-氨基-5-硝基吡啶-2-酮

6-amino-3-(1′-b-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl)-5-nitro-1H-pyridin-2-one[1]

C5H5N3O3 C1=CC(=O)NC(=C1[N+](=O)[O-])N
9357814页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 11182729页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
B 異鳥嘌呤

6-amino-9[(1′-b-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-oxolan-2-yl]-1H-purin-2-one[1]

C5H5N5O C1=NC2=NC(=O)NC(=C2N1)N
69351页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 76900页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
S rS 異胞嘧啶 C4H5N3O C1=CN=C(NC1=O)N
60309页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 66950页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
dS 1-甲基胞嘧啶

3-methyl-6-amino-5-(1′-b-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl)-pyrimidin-2-one[1]

C5H7N3O CN1C=CC(=NC1=O)N
71474页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 79143页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
Hachimoji DNA
Hachimoji RNA
八文字DNA(左)和八文字RNA(右)的鹼基配對情況。氫鍵標爲綠色,氫受體標爲紅色[1]

意義

生物學

八文字DNA的合成證明了天然DNA中的四種鹼基A、T、G、C並不是獨一的[9],可以認爲這一發現至少在理論層次表明使用新的DNA系統能創造新的生命形式是可行的。不過在現階段,八文字DNA不具有自我維持的能力,八文字DNA目前只能在實驗室中維持,這一過程需要只能通過實驗室合成的八文字DNA特殊組成單元以及經過特殊改造的蛋白質。如果離開實驗室環境,八文字DNA將無法繼續存在[4]

天文学

八文字DNA的研究因可以擴大找尋宇宙中生命體時可能遇到的分子結構範圍而得到NASA資助[1]。NASA行星科學部門的洛瑞·格萊斯英语Lori Glaze(Lori Glaze)認爲,在NASA的行星科學任務中,找尋地外生命的任務越來越重要,關於八文字DNA的研究能促進更有效的設備和實驗流程的開發,擴大我們對地外生命的找尋範圍[3][10]。八文字DNA研究團隊的負責人史蒂文·本納英语Steven Benner說:「通過對八文字DNA的形態、大小以及結構的細緻分析使我們對地外生命可能用於儲存遺傳信息的分子有了進一步的瞭解。」[11]

其他

研究人員同時認爲,八文字DNA能應用於人的疾病診斷DNA數據儲存英语DNA_digital_data_storageDNA條形碼、自組裝纳米结构,以及使用非常見氨基酸構建蛋白質等領域,其中一部分技術已商業化[1][4]

參見

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Hoshika S, Leal NA, Kim MJ, Kim MS, Karalkar NB, Kim HJ, et al. Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks需要付费订阅. Science. February 2019, 363 (6429): 884–887 [2019-03-13]. PMID 30792304. doi:10.1126/science.aat0971. (原始内容存档于2019-02-28). 
  2. ^ American Association for the Advancement of Science. Hachimoji – Expanding the genetic alphabet from four to eight. EurekAlert!. 2019-02-21 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-13). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Brown D, Landau E. Research creates DNA-like molecule to aid search for alien life. Phys.org. 2019-02-21 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Dumé B. Hachimoji DNA doubles the genetic code. Physics World. 2019-02-22 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-22). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Zimmer C. DNA Gets a New — and Bigger — Genetic Alphabet - DNA is spelled out with four letters, or bases. Researchers have now built a system with eight. It may hold clues to the potential for life elsewhere in the universe and could also expand our capacity to store digital data on Earth.. The New York Times. 2019-02-21 [2019-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 
  6. ^ Dvorsky G. Freaky Eight-Letter DNA Could Be the Stuff Aliens Are Made Of. Gizmodo. 2019-02-22 [2019-02-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-23). 
  7. ^ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Chapter 4: DNA, Chromosomes and Genomes. Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th. Garland. 2014 [2019-03-13]. ISBN 978-0-8153-4432-2. (原始内容存档于2014-07-14). 
  8. ^ Purcell A. DNA. Basic Biology. [2019-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-05). 
  9. ^ Saplakoglu Y. Scientists Have Created Synthetic DNA with 4 Extra Letters. Live Science. 2019-02-21 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-22). 
  10. ^ Stickland A. Synthetic DNA could help with search for alien life. CNN News. 2019-02-21 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-21). 
  11. ^ Carpineti A. New Artificial DNA Has Doubled The Alphabet Of Life. IFLScience.com. 2019-02-22 [2019-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-23). 

外部連結

Read other articles:

Nisibis, kota tempat Barsauma berkarya Barsauma atau Barsauma dari Nisibis (415-491/95) adalah Metropolit Gereja Suriah Timur di Nisibis pada abad ke-5.[1] Ia adalah seorang tokoh yang memiliki pengaruh besar dalam Gereja Timur sekaligus politisi yang mampu berhubungan baik dengan Raja Peroz I, Raja Dinasti Sassania Persia.[2] Barsauma menganut aliran teologi yang bercorak Nestorian.[2] Di bawah kepemimpinannya, gereja di Persia lebih bercorak Nestorian dan menentang ajar…

El Refugio kan verwijzen naar: El Refugio (Texas), een plaats in de Amerikaanse staat Texas El Refugio (El Salvador), een gemeente in het Salvadoraanse departement Ahuachapán El Refugio (berg), een berg in de Westelijke Sierra Madre in Mexico Zie ook Refugio (doorverwijspagina) Bekijk alle artikelen waarvan de titel begint met El Refugio of met El Refugio in de titel. Dit is een doorverwijspagina, bedoeld om de verschillen in betekenis of gebruik van El Refugio inzichte…

Ketchikan Ciudad Calle histórica Creek. Otros nombres: Capital mundial del Salmón, Capital de la lluvia de Alaska, Primera Ciudad de Alaska KetchikanLocalización de Ketchikan en Alaska KetchikanLocalización de Ketchikan en América del NorteCoordenadas 55°20′35″N 131°38′48″O / 55.343083333333, -131.64669444444Entidad Ciudad • País  Estados Unidos • Estado  Alaska • Borough Borough de Ketchikan GatewaySuperficie   • Total 1…

Anton Thernes op het Majdanekproces Het Majdanekproces was de rechtszaak tegen de SS'ers en oorlogsmisdadigers die in het concentratiekamp Majdanek, Polen, misdaden tegen de menselijkheid hadden gepleegd. Het eerste Majdanekproces vond al plaats op 27 november 1944 in Lublin, Polen. Hierbij werden tachtig SS'ers veroordeeld op 2 december 1944. Van 1946 tot 1948 vond in Lublin het tweede Majdanekproces plaats waarbij vijfennegentig SS'ers werden veroordeeld. Bijna dertig jaar later, op 26 novembe…

الفرع الظاهر للشريان المنعطف الفخذي الإنسي الاسم العلميramus superficialis arteriae circumflexae femoris medialis تفاصيل ترمينولوجيا أناتوميكا 12.2.16.022   FMA 20810  [عدل في ويكي بيانات ] تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الفرع الظاهر للشريان المنعطف الفخذي الإنسي (بالإنجليزية: Superficial branch of medial circumflex femoral artery)…

This film-related list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008) Cinema ofJapan List of Japanese films Pre-1910 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 201…

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Croix de la Vaillance. Ne doit pas être confondu avec Croix de la Vaillance (Canada). Croix de la VaillanceAnh-Dũng Bội-Tinh Avers de la Croix de la Vaillance Décernée par le gouvernement de la République du Viêt Nam Type Décoration militaire sud-vietnamienne Décerné pour actes de vaillance ou conduite héroïque lors d'une action en présence de l'ennemi. Statut non décernée depuis 1975 Chiffres Date de création 15 août 1950 Ruban de la Croix de …

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Odette LaureBerkas:Odette laure 1.jpgLahirOdette Yvonne Marie Dhommée(1917-02-28)28 Februari 1917Paris, PrancisMeninggal10 Juni 2004(2004-06-10) (umur 87)Paris, PrancisPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1950–2001 Odette Laure (28 Februari 1917 …

Former research initiative Human Microbiome Project (HMP)OwnerUS National Institutes of HealthEstablished2007 (2007)Disestablished2016 (2016)Websitehmpdacc.org The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the microbiota involved in human health and disease. Launched in 2007,[1] the first phase (HMP1) focused on identifying and characterizing human microbiota. The second phase, known as…

This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3 Archive 4 Archive 5 Archive 6 Your thread has been archived Hi Jenhawk777! The thread you created at the Wikipedia:Teahouse, PDF, has been archived because there was no discussion for a few days. You can still find the archived discussion here. If you have any additional questions that…

Ukrainian general (born 1979) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Heorhiyovych and the family name is Moisiuk. Yevhen MoisiukDeputy Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine[1]IncumbentAssumed office 29 July 2021PresidentVolodymyr ZelenskyyPrime MinisterDenys ShmyhalPreceded byPost Established Personal detailsBornYevhen Heorhiyovych Moisiuk (1979-10-07) 7 October 1979 (age 44)Chernivtsi, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet UnionAlma mater…

Stellar classification Disc of debris around an F-type star, HD 181327.[1] An F-type main-sequence star (F V) is a main-sequence, hydrogen-fusing star of spectral type F and luminosity class V. These stars have from 1.0 to 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between 6,000 and 7,600 K.[2]Tables VII and VIII. This temperature range gives the F-type stars a whitish hue when observed by the atmosphere. Because a main-sequence star is referred to as a dwarf sta…

Waheeda RehmanWaheeda Rehman pada 2012 di acara bincang-bincang NDTV Raveena TandonLahir03 Februari 1938 (umur 85)Chingleput, Kepresidenan Madras, India BritaniaNama lainWaheeda RahmanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1955–1991, 2002–sekarangKarya terkenalReshma dalam Reshma Aur Shera Rosie Marco/Miss Nalini dalam Guide Rajkumari Neel Kamal/Sita dalam Neel KamalPerawat Radha dalam KhamoshiTinggi5 ft 4 in (163 cm)Suami/istriShashi Rekhi (1974–2000; kematiannya)Anak2 W…

For detailed rate information, see History of United States postage rates. Benjamin Franklin postage stamp of 1895 Postal service in the United States began with the delivery of stampless letters whose cost was borne by the receiving person, later encompassed pre-paid letters carried by private mail carriers and provisional post offices, and culminated in a system of universal prepayment that required all letters to bear nationally issued adhesive postage stamps.[1] In the earliest days,…

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bellissima film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1951 Italian filmBellissimaTheatrical release posterDirected byLuchino ViscontiWritten byCesare ZavattiniSuso Cecchi d'AmicoFranc…

Terremoto de las Islas Salomón de 2013 8,0 en potencia de Magnitud de Momento (MW) Mapa del epicentro e impacto sísmico del terremotoParámetrosFecha y hora 6 de febrero de 2013, 1:12:23 UTCTipo Falla inversa interplacas (Australiana, Pacífico)Profundidad 28,7 kmCoordenadas del epicentro 10°44′16″S 165°08′17″E / -10.7377, 165.138ConsecuenciasZonas afectadas  Islas Salomón Vanuatu Nueva Caledonia FiyiMercalli IXRéplicas +500[1]​Víctimas 16…

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2022) ريتشارد نيوديكير   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 29 أكتوبر 1996 (العمر 27 سنة)آلتوتينغ  الطول 1.74 م (5 قدم 8 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب لاعب وسط  الجنسية ألماني…

شريان راجع كعبري الاسم العلميArteria recurrens radialis رسم توضيحي للتفاغر حول مفصل المرفق(يظهر الشريان الراجع الكعبري أوسط اليسار). الشريان الزندي والكعبري (ويظهر الشريان الراجع الكعبري أوسط اليسار).الشريان الزندي والكعبري (ويظهر الشريان الراجع الكعبري أوسط اليسار). تفاصيل يتفرع من ش…

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Pemain Terbaik Dunia FIFA 1996 – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Pemain Terbaik Dunia FIFA 1996 adalah penghargaan yang dimenangkan oleh Ronaldo, pemain termuda yang pernah memenangkan pen…

I Parry Everything: What Do You Mean I'm the Strongest? I'm Not Even an Adventurer Yet!First light novel volume cover俺は全てを【パリイ】する ~逆勘違いの世界最強は冒険者になりたい~(Ore wa Subete o Parry Suru: Gyaku Kanchigai no Sekai Saikyō wa Bōken-sha ni Naritai)GenreAdventure, fantasy[1] Novel seriesWritten byNabeshikiPublished byShōsetsuka ni NarōOriginal runOctober 17, 2019 – present Light novelWritten byNabeshikiIllustrated…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya