Forte do Zambujal

Forte do Zambujal ou Forte das Casas Velhas
Forte do Zambujal
Planta do Forte do Zambujal, de 1814
Informações gerais
Estilo dominante Arquitectura Militar
Construção 1809-1810
Promotor Arthur Wellesley, 1.º Duque de Wellington
Aberto ao público Sim
Estado de conservação Bom
Património de Portugal
Classificação  Monumento Nacional
SIPA 34594
Geografia
País Portugal
Localização Carvoeira
Coordenadas 38° 56′ 58″ N, 9° 23′ 22″ O
Mapa
Localização em mapa dinâmico

O Forte do Zambujal, também designado de Forte das Casas Velhas, localiza-se na freguesia da Carvoeira, no Município de Mafra, Distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal. Integra a segunda das chamadas Linhas de Torres.

Situa-se na extremidade Oeste da segunda linha, na Serra Gorda, em posição sobranceira ao rio Lisandro e à sua afluente, a ribeira da Vidigueira. Aproveitando uma elevação do terreno, dominava a região envolvente e a estrada que ligava Ericeira a Belas, passando pela Carvoeira[1].

No contexto da Guerra Peninsular tinha como função a defesa das praias da foz do rio Lisandro e de São Julião apoiando a frota inglesa e o controlo da estrada entre Ericeira e Sintra. Em articulação com os restantes redutos da Carvoeira, deveria cobrir uma eventual retirada luso-britânica pela foz do Lisandro e a estrada da Carvoeira[1].

Em 2009 tiveram lugar trabalhos de escavação arqueológica que permitiram definir a planta da fortificação e analisar as técnicas construtivas utilizadas nas estruturas em terra (traveses) e nas estruturas em madeira (paliçada e plataforma), realizados pelo Gabinete de Arqueologia da Câmara Municipal de Mafra. Nesse mesmo ano, a Câmara Municipal de Mafra procedeu trabalhos de conservação e restauro que permitiram a estabilização da erosão e a recuperação das estruturas derrubadas, com fundos dos Mecanismos Financeiros do Espaço Económico Europeu e da Noruega[1].

Foi declarado, juntamente com todo o conjunto das fortificações das Linhas de Torres Vedras, património nacional pela Direção-Geral do Património Cultural (DGPC) no dia 1 de Março de 2018, sendo classificado como Monumento Nacional em 21 de Março de 2019[1].

Características

Apresenta planta compósita, constituída por um reduto principal de planta quadrangular (adaptado ao terreno) e ligado por um túnel a uma segunda estrutura, que deverá ter funcionado como plataforma de tiro ou de observação. Toda a área se encontra delimitada por um fosso[1].

Evidenciam-se três elementos construtivos:

- Um reduto central de planta hexagonal irregular com um fosso seco, escavado na rocha, que envolve toda a estrutura;

- Um baluarte avançado onde eram dispostas as bocas-de-fogo; e

- Ligação entre o reduto e a bateria através de um túnel escavado na rocha e de um fosso.

No interior do reduto localizam-se o paiol e alguns traveses, elevações em terra para protecção do fogo inimigo[1].

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Forte do Zambujal

Referências

  1. a b c d e f «Forte do Zambujal». Fortalezas.org. Consultado em 11 de janeiro de 2021 .

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