Forte de Santa Luzia

Forte de Santa Luzia
Forte de Santa Luzia
Informações gerais
Tipo Forte
Estilo dominante Renascimento
Início da construção 1641
Fim da construção 1648
Proprietário inicial D. João IV
Função inicial Militar
Proprietário atual Estado Português
Área 19,7116 hectare
Património Mundial
Critérios (iv)
Ano 2012
Referência 1367 en fr es
Património de Portugal
SIPA 3244
Geografia
País Portugal
Cidade Elvas
Coordenadas 38° 52′ 22″ N, 7° 09′ 30″ O
Forte de Santa Luzia está localizado em: Portugal Continental
Forte de Santa Luzia
Geolocalização no mapa: Portugal Continental

O Forte de Santa Luzia localiza-se no Alentejo, na cidade e município de Elvas, distrito de Portalegre, em Portugal.[1][2]

Juntamente com o Forte da Piedade, o Forte de São Francisco, o Forte de São Mamede e o Forte de São Pedro, fazia parte da defesa da Praça-Forte de Elvas e integra o complexo Cidade – Quartel Fronteiriça de Elvas e as suas Fortificações – classificado desde o dia 30 de Junho de 2012 como Património Mundial da Humanidade pela UNESCO.[3] O Forte de Santa Luzia está classificado como Monumento Nacional desde 1940.[2]

Repetidamente assediado durante a Guerra da Restauração, foi durante o cerco à cidade de Elvas, liderado pelo comandante espanhol D. Luís de Haro, em 1658, que se destacou pela sua resistência heroica. O cerco de 1658 precedeu a Batalha das Linhas de Elvas a 14 de Janeiro de 1659.[4]

Em 2014, o Forte de Santa Luzia foi integrado num novo projeto do Ministério da Defesa Nacional, criado com o apoio do Turismo de Portugal, chamado Turismo Militar, que apresenta roteiros históricos baseados em heróis portugueses.[5]

História

Casa do governador no topo do forte.

Remonta ao contexto da Guerra da Restauração da independência portuguesa, quando foi primitivamente riscado por Matias de Albuquerque (1641). No mesmo ano, seria redesenhado na traça de Sebastião Frias, quando recebeu o formato de um polígono estrelado. O genovês Hieronimo Rozzeti traçou-lhe novo projeto (1642), o que causou atritos que culminaram com a discórdia do engenheiro militar francês Charles Lassart. Finalmente foi concluído e inaugurado em 1648.

Juntamente com as demais fortificações do seu sistema defensivo, durante a batalha das Linhas de Elvas resistiu com sucesso ao pesado sítio que lhe foi imposto, de 22 de outubro de 1658 a 14 de janeiro de 1659, pelo exército espanhol sob o comando de D. Luís de Haro.

Características

O forte apresenta planta quadrangular com baluartes pentagonais nos vértices, no estilo Vauban. As obras externas de defesa conferem-lhe o formato poligonal estrelado.

Ver também

Referências

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Forte de Santa Luzia

Ligações externas

Imagem: Cidade Fronteiriça e de Guarnição de Elvas e as suas Fortificações O Forte de Santa Luzia faz parte do sítio "Cidade Fronteiriça e de Guarnição de Elvas e as suas Fortificações", Património Mundial da UNESCO.

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