Pertempuran Kriti

Pertempuran Kriti
Sebahagian daripada Kancah Mediterranean Perang Dunia Kedua
Askar paracut Jerman (Fallschirmjäger) mendarat di Kriti
Tarikh 20 Mei – 1 Jun 1941 (11 hari) Lokasi Kriti, Yunani Keputusan Kemenangan yang merugikan Kuasa Paksi[1][2][3]
Pihak yang terlibat
United Kingdom  Kerajaan Beraja Yunani  Australia  New Zealand	Jerman Nazi  Itali
Komandan dan pemimpin
Bernard Freyberg	Kurt Student
Kekuatan
United Kingdom: 15,000 Greece: 11,451[4] Australia: 7,100 New Zealand: 6,700 Jumlah: 40,000–61,800[5] (10,000 tanpa keupayaan tempur)[6]	Jerman: 14,000^[perlu rujukan] askar payung terjun 15,000^[perlu rujukan] askar gunung 280 pengebom 150 pengebom junam 180 pesawat pejuang 500 pesawat pengangkut 80 buah peluncur Itali: 2,700
Kerugian dan korban
4,123 terkorban cedera tidak diketahui 17,479 ditawan. 4 kruiser dan 6 pembinasa tenggelam. 1 pengangkut pesawat, 2 kapal tempur, 4 kruiser, 2 pembinasa, 1 kapal selam rosak.	Jumlah: 6,698 284 pesawat Luftwaffe musnah atau ranap dan beratus lagi rosak.[7] 1 pembinasa Itali rosak 1 bot torpedo Itali rosak

Pertempuran Kriti (Jerman: Luftlandeschlacht um Kretacode: de is deprecated , Yunani: Μάχη της Κρήτηςcode: el is deprecated , juga dikenali Unternehmen Merkur (Operasi Mercury), telah berlaku di pulau Kriti, Yunani semasa Perang Dunia Kedua. Ia bermula pada pagi 20 Mei 1941, apabila Jerman Nazi melancarkan serangan hantaran udara ke atas Kriti. Tentera Yunani, tentera Berikat yang lain serta dengan penduduk awam Kriti mempertahankan pulau tersebut.^[8] Selepas sehari pertempuran, pihak Jerman telah mengalami mangsa korban yang sangat banyak dan tentera Bersekutu yakin bahawa mereka mampu mengalahkan pencerobohan itu. Keesokkan harinya lapangan terbang Maleme di barat pulau tersebut dimusnahkan akibat kegagalan komunikasi, taktikal Bersekutu yang teragak-agak dan operasi penyerangan Jerman. Perkara tersebut membolehkan pihak Jerman mendaratkan pasukan bantuan dan mengatasi posisi pertahanan di utara pulau ini. Tentera Berikat berundur ke pantai selatan. Lebih separuh telah dipindahkan oleh Tentera Laut Diraja; yang selebihnya menyerah diri atau menyertai Penentang Kriti.

Pertempuran ini merupakan pertempuran pertama yang menggunakan Fallschirmjäger (Askar payung terjun Jerman) secara besar-besaran, pencerobohan besar hantaran udara pertama dalam sejarah ketenteraan, pertama kali pihak Berikat menjadikan signifikan penggunaan risikan dari penyahsulitan perutusan-perutusan Jerman dari Mesin Enigma dan kali pertama tentera Jerman mendapat tentangan besar-besaran daripada orang awam.^[9] Bilangan korban tinggi daripada pasukan payung terjun Jerman menyebabkan Adolf Hitler melarang operasi besar hantaran udara yang seterusnya. Sebaliknya, pihak Berikat kagum dengan potensi pasukan payung terjun dan mula membentuk serangan airborne dan rejimen pertahanan lapangan terbang.

Lihat juga

• Perang Yunani-Itali
• Serangan ke atas Yugoslavia
• Pertempuran Yunani

^[a]

Nota

1. Participants on the battle included David Coke • Roald Dahl • Roy Farran • Bernard Freyberg • Clive Hulme • Robert Laycock • Patrick Leigh Fermor • John Pendlebury • George Psychoundakis • Max Schmeling • Theodore Stephanides • Evelyn Waugh (battle portrayed in the novel Officers and Gentlemen, part of the Sword of Honour trilogy) • Lawrence Durrell • Charles Upham • Geoffrey Cox • Dan Davin (New Zealand Official Historian of the battle)

Nota kaki

1. Stephen, Martin (1988), Sea Battles in Close Up World War 2, 2, Naval Institute Press, m/s. 53, ISBN 1-55750-758-9, One way of dealing with Malta would have been an airborne invasion but Hitler would not countenance such a thing, especially after the pyrrhic casualties of the Crete victory.
2. Buell, Thomas; Greiss, Thomas (2002), The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean, Square One Publishers, m/s. 101, ISBN 0-7570-0160-2, The rank and file on both sides fought tenaciously on Crete, and in the end the Germans could claim only a pyrrhic victory.
3. Wright, Robert; Greenwood, John (2007), Airborne forces at war, Naval Institute Press, m/s. 9, ISBN 1-59114-028-5, The seizure of Crete was a strategic but Pyrrhic victory for Germany that was brought at the price of future German airborne operations.
4. (PDF) (dalam bahasa Yunani). m/s. 10 http://www.geetha.mil.gr/media/1maxikritis/maxi-kritis-1941.pdf. Dicapai pada 7 Mei 2010. 474 officers and 10,977 soldiers Missing or empty |title= (bantuan)
5. Battle of Crete: Greece sacrificed much for the greater good
6. Long 1953, halaman 210.
7. Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987, halaman 403
8. New Zealand History online
9. Maloney, Shane (Julai 2006). "Bogin, Hopit". The Monthly.

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Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Pertempuran Kriti.

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Pertempuran Kriti

• New Zealand History Second World War
• Australian War Memorial Second World War Official Histories
• H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action, 1939–1945
• Landing in the bay of Sitia 28 May 1941 r. (PL)
• Battle of Crete Photo and Documents Archive
• John Dillon's Battle of Crete site
• Stoker Harold Siddall Royal Navy, his capture on Crete and life as a POW
• Richard Hargreaves: The Invasion of Crete
• Battle of Crete is considered one of the most sensational events of the Second World War
• Admiral Sir A. B. Cunningham, The Battle of Crete
• Charles Prestidge‐King, The Battle of Crete: A Re‐evaluation
• James Cagney, 2011, Animated Maps of The Battle of Crete Diarkibkan 2013-05-01 di Wayback Machine
• Power, Graham. "The Battle of Pink Hill". Power Publishing. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 May 2010. Dicapai pada 13 June 2010. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)

Koordinat: 35°13′N 24°55′E