Triazano

Triazano
Struttura di Lewis del triazano
Struttura di Lewis del triazano
Struttura 3D a sfere del triazano
Struttura 3D a sfere del triazano
Struttura 3D a sfere Van der Waals del triazano
Struttura 3D a sfere Van der Waals del triazano
Nome IUPAC
1,1,2,3,3-pentaidrido-1,2,3-triazi-[3]catena [1]
[2]
Nomi alternativi
Triazano
Amminoidrazina
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareN3H5
Massa molecolare (u)47.0598 g·mol−1
Numero CAS14451-01-5
PubChem446953
SMILES
NNN
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
infiammabile irritante
attenzione
Frasi H---
Consigli P---

Il triazano, o amminoidrazina è un composto inorganico con formula chimica NH2NHNH2 (oppure H2NN(H)2NH2 o N3H5).[3]

Il triazano è il terzo azano aciclico più semplice (i primi sono l'ammoniaca e l'idrazina). Può essere sintetizzato dall'idrazina ma è instabile e non si può isolare come base libera, ma solo come un sale come il solfato di triazanio. I tentativi di convertire i sali di triazanio nella base libera generano solo diimmide e ammoniaca.[4]

Sintesi

Il triazano è stato sintetizzato la prima volta come ligande dello ione complesso dell'argento:

tris(μ2-triazano-κ2N1,N3)diargento(2+).

Il triazano può essere ottenuto per reazione di ammoniaca in una zeolite con rivestimento argentato.

Può anche essere ottenuto sotto forma di cloridrato per reazione di idrazina con cloramina in etere. Questo è instabile e decade immediatamente.

Composti del triazano

Molti composti, che contengono lo schema del triazano oggi sono noti, uno dei più notevoli è 1-metil-1-nitrosoidrazina, prodotto dalla reazione senza solventi di metilidrazina e un nitrito alchile:

CN2H6 + RNO2CN3H5O + RHO

1-Metil-1-nitrosoidrazina è un solido incolore, sensibile agli urti, ma non sensibile all'attrito e si fonde a 45 °C prima di decomporsi a 121 °C. In confronto al trinitrotoluene, questo composto è più sensibile all'impatto, ma meno sensibile all'attrito.

Note

  1. ^ triazane - PubChem Public Chemical Database, in The PubChem Project, USA, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. ^ Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (Red Book), Cambridge, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005, p. 315, ISBN 978-0-85404-438-2.
  3. ^ IUPAC Goldbook, su goldbook.iupac.org.
  4. ^ Wiberg, Holleman & Wiberg. Inorganic Chemistry. p 627. ISBN 9780123526519

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