Portico di Pompeo

Portico di Pompeo
Civiltàromana
Utilizzoportico
Epoca62 a.C.-V sec. d.C.
Localizzazione
StatoItalia (bandiera) Italia
ComuneRoma
Amministrazione
Visitabileno
Mappa di localizzazione
Map

Il Portico di Pompeo (in latino Porticus Pompeia, noto anche come Ambulatio Magni e Hecatostylon/Hecatostylum, cioè "[portico] delle cento colonne")[1] era un ampio quadriportico situato subito dietro alla frons scaenae del teatro di Pompeo, nell'antica città di Roma. Racchiudeva un grande giardino pubblico molto apprezzato e frequentato.

Il portico fu completato nel 62 a.C.[2] e fu in uso per parecchi secoli.

I porticati comprendevano arcate e gallerie, in cui erano esposti sculture e dipinti raccolti nel corso degli anni durante le campagne militari condotte da Gneo Pompeo Magno[3].

Nel corso degli anni, nelle gallerie e nelle arcate sorsero numerose botteghe.

Per il fatto che il livello del suolo si innalzava costantemente a seguito delle inondazioni del Tevere, parecchi elementi architettonici originali furono riutilizzati dai proprietari delle botteghe per decorare le loro strutture edificate a livelli superiori.

Parecchie di queste botteghe esistono tuttora e frammenti del vecchio teatro e del portico possono essere osservati inglobati nelle murature di questi edifici.

Storia

A cavallo tra I secolo a.C. e I secolo d.C., l'antica città di Roma possedeva percorsi coperti, giardini pubblici e grandi piscine e fontane[2].

I cittadini potevano muoversi per la città lungo questi porticati, protetti dal sole e dalla pioggia.

Il primo e più celebre fra i giardini pubblici era situato all'interno del quadriportico che Pompeo edificò a fianco del teatro che portava il suo nome[4].

Pompeo, impressionato o ispirato da quello che vide durante gli anni trascorsi viaggiando e combattendo per Roma, fece ritorno con il desiderio di edificare un monumento che lo celebrasse più grande di tutti quelli edificati fino ad allora. Fece così costruire un teatro, un portico e una curia, realizzando un complesso enorme che fu simbolo della cultura romana per parecchi secoli e fu preso a modello in tutto il territorio dell'Impero.

Architettura

L'ingresso al complesso del teatro avveniva dagli accessi posti ai lati della Curia di Pompeo.

Si guidava così lo sguardo del visitatore, lungo l'area del giardino interno, direttamente alla strada principale (regia), alla scena del teatro e su fino al tempio di Venere Vincitrice.

Questa linea di osservazione fu interrotta in maniera definitiva nel 32 a.C., quando Augusto fece edificare una scaena in pietra[5].

Planimetria del Campo Marzio meridionale


Note

  1. ^ John Edwin Sandys, A Companion to Latin Studies, Nabu Press, 2010, p. 515, ISBN 978-1-174-26258-6.
  2. ^ a b Kathryn L. Gleason, The Garden Portico of Pompey the Great, in Expedition, vol. 32, n. 3, 1990, pp. 4-13.
  3. ^ Nathan, Robert Rosenstein, Morstein-Marx, A Companion to the Roman Republic, Wiley-Blackwell, p. 98, ISBN 978-1-4443-3413-5.
  4. ^ Brenda Longfellow, 1.Roman Imperialism and Civic Patronage: Form, Meaning and Ideology in Monumental Fountain Complexes, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 16, ISBN 978-0-521-19493-8.
  5. ^ Katharine T. Von Stackelberg, The Roman Garden: Space, Sense, and Society, Taylor and Francis, 2009, pp. 81-82, ISBN 978-0-415-43823-0.

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