José Echegaray y Eizaguirre

«In riconoscimento delle numerose e brillanti composizioni che, in maniera individuale ed originale, hanno fatto rivivere la grande tradizione del dramma spagnolo.»

José Echegaray y Eizaguirre
Medaglia del Premio Nobel Premio Nobel per la letteratura 1904

José Echegaray y Eizaguirre (Madrid, 19 aprile 1832Madrid, 14 settembre 1916) è stato un matematico, drammaturgo e politico spagnolo, insignito nel 1904 del premio Nobel per la letteratura insieme al poeta provenzale Frédéric Mistral.

Biografia

Dal 1854 al 1868 insegnò matematica e fisica alla Scuola di Ingegneria di Madrid, di cui era stato studente laureandosi a 20 anni d'età con il massimo dei voti.

A 32 anni faceva parte della Real Academia de las Ciencias Exactas coltivando contemporaneamente la sua passione per la letteratura.

Fu considerato in Spagna il più importante matematico del XIX secolo introducendovi per la prima volta la geometría di Michael Chasles, la teoría di Évariste Galois, le funzioni ellittiche, e anche per i suoi personali apporti alla Fisica e alla Matematica, facendo affermare a Julio Rey Pastor che, per la Matematica spagnola, il XIX secolo comincia dal 1865 con Echegaray.

Di idee politiche ed economiche liberali, pur non partecipando alla rivoluzione democratica del settembre 1868, a partire da allora per tutto il cosiddetto Sexenio Democrático (1868 - 1874) ricoprì importanti cariche pubbliche. Fu eletto deputato delle Cortes constituyentes che approvarono la Costituzione spagnola del 1869, fu direttore generale delle Opere pubbliche (1868-1869), ministro dei lavori pubblici (1869-1870 e 1872) e ministro dell'economia (1872-1873). Fu tra i fondatori del Partito radicale e ricoprì per due volte (nel 1873 e nel 1874) la carica di ministro dell'economia anche durante la breve esperienza della Prima Repubblica.

Liberista convinto, fu tra i fondatori della Società Libera di Economia Politica insieme a Pastor, Rodríguez, Colmeiro, Figuerola, Moret e altri. Dopo la restaurazione borbonica, pur rimanendo fedele agli ideali repubblicani, fece parte del Parlamento monarchico del 1876 in cui difese il suo operato precedente dalle critiche dei conservatori. Fu tra i primi soci azionisti della neocostituita Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE). Nel 1880, fu tra i fondatori con Nicolás Salmerón e Marcos del Partito Repubblicano Progressista per entrare in seguito a far parte della corrente di sinistra del Partito Liberale.

Si dedicò alla letteratura a partire dal 1874, quando esordì con "El libro talonario" (anche se alcuni anni prima, nel 1865 aveva scritto, senza pubblicarla, "La hija natural"). La sua produzione contempla oltre sessanta drammi sia in prosa che in versi. Le prime opere sono pervase di una malinconia romantica mentre quelle successive risentono dell'influenza dell'opera di Henrik Ibsen. Le sue opere furono accolte benissimo dal pubblico e gli valsero nel 1904 il Premio Nobel per la letteratura. Tale apprezzamento non fu però mai condiviso dalla critica e esponenti di punta della cosiddetta generazione del '98, tra cui Miguel de Unamuno e Rubén Darío, si pronunciarono criticamente sull'assegnazione del premio al drammaturgo madrileno.

Fu comunque famosissimo ai suoi tempi e ricoprì cariche di prestigio: Presidente dell'Ateneo di Madrid (1888), membro della Real Academia Española (dal 1896), senatore a vita (dal 1900) e, per ben due volte (1894-1896 e 1901-1916) Presidente dell'Accademia delle Scienze esatte, fisiche e naturali.

Grande ammiratore dell'attrice spagnola Maria Álvarez Tubau, firmò nel 1891, insieme a José Zorrilla, Nuñez de Arce, Campoamor, Emilio Castelar, oltre ad altri giornalisti, politici e intellettuali, un documento in cui definiva la Tubau "Dottoressa in Arte Drammatica".[1]

Opere

Scientifiche

Pubblicò molti saggi di fisica e matematica di cui alcuni sono di seguito elencati con l'avvertenza che la produzione scientifica di José Echegaray continuò fino alla sua morte

  • Cálculo de Variaciones (1858)
  • Problemas de Geometría plana (1865)
  • Problemas de Geometría analítica (1865), considerata un'opera maestra da García de Galdeano
  • Teorías modernas de la Física (1867)
  • Introducción a la Geometría Superior (1867), dove espone la geometría di Chasles.
  • Memoria sobre la teoría de los Determinantes (1868), primera opera in Spagna su questo tema
  • Tratado elemental de Termodinámica (1868), breve saggio sulla scienza che stava nascendo allora

Letterarie

  • La esposa del vengador (1874)
  • En el puño de la espada (1875)
  • Locura o santidad (1876)
  • El gran galeoto (1881)
  • Mariana (1892)
  • El hijo de Don Juan (1892)
  • Mancha que limpia (1895)
  • El loco de Dios (1900)

Filmografia

La filmografia è completa[2]. Alcuni suoi lavori teatrali, soprattutto El gran galeoto, furono adattati per lo schermo: la prima riduzione cinematografica di una sua opera risale al 1915:

Curiosità

Note

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN79077383 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 0918 8503 · SBN VEAV022692 · BAV 495/198123 · Europeana agent/base/62463 · LCCN (ENn82134563 · GND (DE119047314 · BNE (ESXX910695 (data) · BNF (FRcb12205332f (data) · J9U (ENHE987007273004505171 · NSK (HR000106069 · NDL (ENJA00521377 · CONOR.SI (SL64654691

Read other articles:

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Operation Sultan 10 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Operation Sultan 10Part of Iran–Iraq WarLocationNorthern IraqPlanned by Col. Afshar Maj. ShowqiCommanded by Col. Afsha...

 

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, ahli anatomi Prancis dan ilmuwan Félix Vicq d’Azyr (atau Vicq-d’Azyr 20 Juni 1794 di Paris, di bawah atap Istana Louvre tempat ia tinggal,[1] adalah seorang dokter, ahli anatomi dan naturalis Prancis. Dia dianggap sebagai pendiri anatomi perbandingan dan asal mula teori homologi dalam biologi. Dia terkenal sebagai dokter Ratu Marie Antoinette. Dia adalah asal mula berdirinya Société royale de médecine yang resmi didirikan pada 1778, untuk memantau dan mence...

 

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع أولاد إسماعيل (توضيح). أولاد اسماعيل تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب  الجهة الشرق الإقليم الناظور الدائرة لوطا الجماعة القروية البركانيين المشيخة البركانيين السكان التعداد السكاني 94 نسمة (إحصاء 2004)   • عدد الأسر 17 معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م±00:00 (توقيت...

Museum in Etruria, Staffordshire, England Etruria Industrial MuseumLocation within StaffordshireEstablished1991; 32 years ago (1991)LocationLower Bedford StreetEtruria, Staffordshire, EnglandCoordinates53°01′09″N 2°11′31″W / 53.019116°N 2.191945°W / 53.019116; -2.191945TypeIndustryWebsiteOfficial website The Etruria Industrial Museum is located in Etruria, Staffordshire, in England. The museum is a typical and well-preserved example of a n...

 

Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaNewtownSydney, New South WalesIntersection of King Street & Enmore Road, NewtownPopulation14,690 (SAL 2021)[1]Established1812Postcode(s)2042Elevation42 m (138 ft)Area1.6 km2 (0.6 sq mi)Location4 km (2 mi) south-west of Sydney central business districtLGA(s) City of Sydney Inner West CouncilState electorate(s)NewtownFederal division(s) Grayndler Sydney Suburbs around Newtown: Stanmore Camperdown Dar...

 

Region of Chile Region in ChileTarapacá Region Región de TarapacáRegionCerros Pintados geoglyphs, Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve FlagCoat of armsMap of Tarapacá RegionCoordinates: 20°17′S 69°20′W / 20.283°S 69.333°W / -20.283; -69.333Country ChileCapitalIquiqueProvincesIquique, TamarugalGovernment • IntendantMiguel Quezada Torres (UDI)Area[1] • Total41,799.5 km2 (16,138.9 sq mi) • Rank6Lo...

فرانشيسكو ماتورانا   معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل فرانشيسكو ماتورانا غارسيا الميلاد 15 فبراير 1949 (العمر 74 سنة)كيبدو، كولومبيا الطول 1.82 م (5 قدم 11 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية  كولومبيا معلومات النادي النادي الحالي فنزويلا (مساعد) المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنو...

 

Thingy Welcome! Hello, Xyzzy n, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page Help pages Tutorial How to write a great article Manual of Style I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Wiki...

 

Not to be confused with Kutch District. District of Balochistan in PakistanKachhi District ضلع کچّھیDistrict of BalochistanTop: Ruins of MehrgarhBottom: Seasonal river in Kachhi districtMap of Balochistan with Kacchi District highlightedCountry PakistanProvince BalochistanDivisionNasirabadEstablishedDecember 1991HeadquartersDhadarGovernment • TypeDistrict Administration • Deputy CommissionerN/A • District Police OfficerN/A • Di...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2016) كريستيان فريدريك لودفيغ (بالألمانية: Christian Friedrich Ludwig)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 19 مايو 1751(1751-05-19)لايبزيغ  الوفاة 8 يوليو 1823 (72 سنة)لايبزيغ  الإقامة ألمان...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يونيو_2010) نظرية ستولبرسامويلسون هي مبرهنة أساسية في نظرية هكشر-أوهلين التجارية. وتصف العلاقة بين الأسعار النسبية للناتج ومكافآت العوامل النسبية، وتحديدا الأجور الحق...

 

Jean Louis Debilly Naissance 30 juillet 1763Dreux Décès 14 octobre 1806 (à 43 ans)Auerstaedt, AllemagneMort au combat Origine Royaume de France Allégeance Royaume de France Royaume de France République française Empire français Arme Infanterie Grade Général de brigade Années de service 1789 – 1806 Conflits Guerres de la Révolution françaiseGuerres napoléoniennes Faits d'armes Bataille d'Auerstaedt Distinctions Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur Hommages Nom grav...

Denim and casual wear jeans brand Pepe Jeans LondonTypeSociedad de responsabilidad limitadaIndustryFashionFounded1973 (London, England)FounderNitin, Arun and Milan ShahHeadquartersSant Feliu de Llobregat, SpainProductsJeans, shirts, shorts, eye glassesParentM1 GroupWebsitewww.pepejeans.com The Pepe Jeans showroom at Brigade Road (Bangalore, India) Pepe Jeans London is a denim and casual wear jeans brand established in the Portobello Road area of London in 1973, and now based in Sant Feliu de ...

 

National Park in India Panna National ParkIUCN category II (national park)Bengal tigers at Panna National ParkLocation in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaLocationPanna and Chhatarpur districts, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNearest cityPanna, Khajuraho, Chhatarpur (25 km (16 mi))Coordinates24°43′49.6″N 80°0′38.8″E / 24.730444°N 80.010778°E / 24.730444; 80.010778Area542.67 km2 (209.53 sq mi)Established1981Visitors22,563 (in 2009)Governing&...

 

محمد الخضر حسين الشيخ محمد الخضر حسين معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1293 هـ / 16 أغسطس 1876نفطة - تونس الوفاة 1377 هـ / 28 فبراير 1958القاهرة - مصر الجنسية تونسي عضو في مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق  إخوة وأخوات زين العابدين بن الحسين التونسي،  ومحمد المكي بن الحسين  [لغات أخرى]‏  منا...

Gift exchange service website RedditGiftsOwnerRedditURLwww.redditgifts.com (now links to reddit.com)RegistrationRequired to sign up for gift exchangesLaunched2009; 14 years ago (2009)Current statusInactive RedditGifts, stylized as redditgifts, was an online user-to-user gift exchange service for Reddit users. Free to participate in, RedditGifts was first created by Reddit user kickme444 (the alias of Dan McComas), while working on freelance projects. The service involve...

 

Поезд 500 серии между станциями Эносима и Косигоэ. Поезд 10 серии на перегоне рядом со станцией Ситиригахама. Энодэн или Enoshima Electric Railway (яп. 江ノ島電鉄) — железнодорожная линия в Японии, префектуре Канагава. Находится в туристическом районе, соединяет города Фудзисава и Кам...

 

1994 video gameCluedoDeveloper(s)3T ProductionsPublisher(s)Philips Interactive MediaSeriesCluedo (franchise)Platform(s)CD-iRelease1994Genre(s)Murder mystery, adventure Cluedo (also known as Cluedo on CD-i) is a 1994 murder mystery video game based on the board game of the same name.[1] It was developed by 3T Productions and published by Philips Interactive Media.[2] Plot and gameplay The rules are the same as those of the board game, and up to six people can play. In three cas...

Part of a series on theMakhnovshchina History 1917 Revolution Ukrainian–Soviet War Oleksandrivsk Uprising Austro-German invasion Battle of Dibrivka Battle of Donbas Battle of Peregonovka Eichenfeld massacre Polonsky conspiracy Starobilsk agreement Northern Taurida Operation Siege of Perekop Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict PeopleMilitary commanders Belochub Bilash Bondarets Brova Budanov Cherednyak Chubenko Havrylenko Karetnyk Kotsur Kozhyn Kurylenko Lyuty H. Makhno N. Makhno S. Makhno March...

 

United States Senator from Nebraska Hugh Alfred ButlerUnited States Senatorfrom NebraskaIn officeJanuary 3, 1941 – July 1, 1954Preceded byEdward R. BurkeSucceeded bySamuel W. Reynolds Personal detailsBorn(1878-02-28)February 28, 1878Missouri Valley, IowaDiedJuly 1, 1954(1954-07-01) (aged 76)Bethesda, MarylandPolitical partyRepublican Hugh Alfred Butler (February 28, 1878 – July 1, 1954) was an American Republican politician from Nebraska Life and career Hugh But...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!