Kanyok (langue)

Kanyok
ciin kanyòk (kny)
Pays République démocratique du Congo
Nombre de locuteurs 200 000 (1991)[1]
Classification par famille
Codes de langue
IETF kny
ISO 639-3 kny
Glottolog kany1247
Guthrie L32

Le kanyok est une langue bantoue parlée par les Kanyok dans la province de la Lomami en République démocratique du Congo.

Répartition géographique

Le kanyok est parlé par les Kanyok dans la province de la Lomami entre la Mbuji-Mayi et la Lubilash, dans la vallée de la Lwilu, sur l’actuel territoire de la Luilu[2] :

  • Mwene-Ditu (Mwiin-Diit)
  • secteur de Kanda-Kanda (Kandkand Mutònj) dans 4 groupements sur 8 ;
  • chefferie de Mulundu (Mulund) dans 9 groupements sur 12 ;
  • chefferie de Katshinsungu (Kaacìsung) dans tous les groupements (en 1961) et Luputa (Luhùùt) ;
  • chefferie de de Kanutshina (anciennement Bena Kanunkina ou Bena Lunda), aux côtés de locuteurs de lunda et de kete.

Ainsi que dans le territoire de Ngandajika[2] :

  • dans le sud du secteur de Ngandajika.

Le kanyok est aussi parlé par dans le groupement Ene Kanyoka dans le secteur de Bushimaie du territoire la Luiza en province du Kasaï-Central[2].

Dialectes

L’Atlas linguistique d'Afrique centrale dénombre les variantes et dialectes suivants[3] :

  • cii-milèmbw, dans le nord ;
  • ciley, à Mulund (chefferie de Mulundu) et Kacisung (chefferie de Katshisungu) ;
  • ciin-a-luul, en amont dans le sud.

Prononciation

Voyelles[4]
Antérieur Postérieur
Fermé i u
Mi-fermé e o
Ouvert a

La longueur de voyelle est contrastive.

Consonnes[4]
Bilabiale Labio-
dentale
Alvéolaire Post-
alvéolaire
Palatale Vélaire Labio-
vélaire
Occlusive b t (d) k
Nasale m n ɲ ŋ
Fricative f v s z ʃ ʒ
Affriquée
Spirant l j w

La consonne [d] est un allophone de /l/ devant /i/ ou après /n/[4].

Les tons haut, bas et descendant sont utilisés, ainsi que l’abaissement tonal distinctif pour le ton haut ou encore le ton descendant postérieur[4].

Notes et références

  1. Ethnologue [kny].
  2. a b et c Boone 1961, p. 60-64.
  3. ALAC/Zaïre 1983, p. 31.
  4. a b c et d Stappers, Mulaji et Kalela 1980, p. 201.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • Atlas linguistique de l’Afrique centrale, Situation linguistique en Afrique centrale, inventaire préliminaire, Le Zaïre, Agence do coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT) et CERDOTALA,
  • Olga Boone, Carte ethnique du Congo : Quart Sud-Est, Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale, coll. « Annales du Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale / 8 » (no 37), (lire en ligne), p. 72-81
  • Mukash Kalel, Le kanyok, langue bantoue du Zaïre : phonologie, morphologie, syntagmatique (thèse de Linguistique), INALCO, Paris 3, , 411 p.
  • Timothée Mukash Kalel, Dictionnaire kanyòk-français, Kinshasa, Centre de recherches pédagogiques, , 768 p.
  • Timothée Mukash Kalel, Essai de grammaire kanyòk, L32 : phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe, Éditions René Descartes, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Kinshasa, , vi+499 (ISBN 9789995185008)
  • Leo Stappers, Léopold Mulaji et Timothée Kalela, « Textes kanyok », dans Africana Linguistica VIII, coll. « Annales du Musée royal du Congo belge, Série in 8o, Sciences humaines » (no 101), , 199-226 p.

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