Carbaminohémoglobine

La carbaminohémoglobine est l'hémoglobine sur laquelle du dioxyde de carbone CO2 s'est lié aux groupes amine α des sous-unités globine[1]. Cette réaction est réversible, et le CO2 peut être libéré pour redonner l'hémoglobine.

Le dioxyde de carbone se lie préférentiellement à la désoxyhémoglobine, c'est-à-dire à la forme T (tendue) de celle-ci, ce qui favorise son élimination de l'organisme : ce phénomène est appelé effet Haldane. Cet effet complète l'effet Bohr, qui se manifeste par la baisse de l'affinité de l'hémoglobine pour l'oxygène en présence d'acidité et de dioxyde de carbone : comme le CO2 dissous est susceptible d'être hydraté en acide carbonique H2CO3 par l'anhydrase carbonique, il s'ensuit que la présence de CO2 s'accompagne d'un accroissement de l'acidité.

Ces effets se combinent pour favoriser à la fois le transport de l'oxygène des poumons vers les tissus consommateurs et le transport du dioxyde de carbone depuis les tissus où il est produit vers les poumons, d'où il est expiré[2].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) Connie C. W. Hsia, « Respiratory Function of Hemoglobin », The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 338, no 4,‎ , p. 239-247 (PMID 9435331, DOI 10.1056/NEJM199801223380407, lire en ligne)
  2. ↑ (en) Cornelia Geers et Gerolf Gros, « Carbon Dioxide Transport and Carbonic Anhydrase in Blood and Muscle », Blood, vol. 80, no 2,‎ , p. 681-715 (PMID 10747205, lire en ligne)
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Hémoprotéines et transporteurs d'oxygène
Hémoprotéines
Globines
Hémoglobines
Embryonnaires
Fœtales
Adultes
Hémoglobinopathies
Dérivées
Autres globines
Humaines
Végétales
Autres hémoprotéines
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Autres fonctions
Transporteurs d'oxygène non héminiques

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