Gustavsvärn

Gustavsvärn
Sijainti
Vesistö
Hangon itäinen selkä (d)View and modify data on Wikidata
Arkkitehtuuri
Korkeus
10 m [1]View and modify data on Wikidata
Värit
Luokitus
rekisteröity arkeologinen kohde Suomessa (d)View and modify data on Wikidata
Osa kohdetta
Hankoniemen sotahistorian kohteet (d)View and modify data on Wikidata
Historia
Valmistunut
View and modify data on Wikidata
Varustus
Valon korkeus
18,0 m[2]View and modify data on Wikidata
Valonkanto
23,0 km[3]View and modify data on Wikidata
Valon ominaisuudet
Fl(2) WRG 10sView and modify data on Wikidata
Tunnisteet
ARLHS
Admiralty
C4918.4View and modify data on Wikidata
List of Lights
MarineTraffic
NGA
116-15172View and modify data on Wikidata
Kartta
Koordinaatit

Gustavsvärn (ent. Eldskär) on kalliosaari Hangon Tulliniemen kaakkoispuolella noin kolmen kilometrin päässä Hangosta lounaaseen.[4]

Saarella sijaitsee majakkatorni, linnoitteen raunio ja sumusireenin hoitajan entinen asunto,[4] jota nykyisin käytetään majoitustilana. Sumusireenin hoitajan asuntoa käytetään yöpymiseen. Käyttöoikeus on Majakkaseuran talkoisiin osallistuvilla.[5]

Saari on kallioinen ja sen pintamaakerros on erittäin ohut, eikä sillä kasva puita, lukuun ottamatta muutamia pihlajia. Saaren jyrkät, äkkisyvät kalliorannat ovat suosittuja sukelluskohteita. Äkkisyvien rantojen vuoksi purjelaivat kiinnittyivät saaren rannoille; tästä on edelleen nähtävillä kallioon hakattuja rautarenkaita.[4] Veden syvyys saaren ympärillä on 20–30 metriä. Saaren pituus on 200 metriä ja leveys yli 100 metriä.[5]

Krimin sodan aikana saarta puolusti parisataa miestä. Saarella on enimmillään vuosina 1900–1939 ollut asukkaina kolme perhettä, joilla oli 15 lasta. Kaksi miehistä toimi majakanvartijoina ja yksi oli sumusireeninhoitaja.[5]

Kalliossa on kuninkaan monogrammi majakan perustamisen ajalta. Kallioista on lohkottu linnoitukseen käytettyä kiviainesta. Lisäksi saari yritettiin räjäyttää 27. elokuuta 1854, kun Venäjän vallanpitäjät katsoivat, että sen ylläpito oli liian kallista eikä sillä ollut riittävästi sotilaallista merkitystä. Räjäytysyritykseen käytettiin 10 000 kiloa mustaa ruutia. Kymmenkunta vuotta myöhemmin 1865 saarelle tuli kuitenkin johtoloisto, ja siitä alkaen valot ovat ohjanneet laivojen kulkua Hangon vesillä.[5]

Linnoitusta pommitettiin talvisodan aikana. Sodan jälkeen se vuokrattiin Neuvostoliitolle osana Hangon vuokra-aluetta. Venäläiset kaivoivat Gustavsvärnin muurien sisäpuolelle korsuja, mutta niitä ei ole enää jäljellä. Vuokra-alue palautettiin 4. joulukuuta 1941.[6]

Lähteet

  1. (sv) Fyrwiki, Swedish lighthouse societyView and modify data on Wikidata . Tieto on haettu Wikidatasta.
  2. (en) NGA List of Lights, Radio Aids and Fog Signals, NGA, s. 201View and modify data on Wikidata . Tieto on haettu Wikidatasta.
  3. (fi + sv) Suomen loistoluettelo, Liikenne- ja viestintävirastoView and modify data on Wikidata . Tieto on haettu Wikidatasta.
  4. a b c Gustavsvärn ja sumusireeninhoitajan talo Suomen Majakkaseura. Viitattu 9.12.2018.
  5. a b c d Kivipelto, Arja: Majakkasaaren vahtina. Helsingin Sanomat, 25.11.2011, s. D 2. Artikkelin verkkoversio.
  6. Gustavsvärn – Hangon Vartija. Metsähallitus. Viitattu 9.12.2018.

Kirjallisuutta

  • Ahto, Sampo: Suomenlahden rauniolinnat. Helsinki: Sotasokeat ry, 1977.
  • Väisänen, Pekka (toim.): Gustavsvärn: Hangon linnoitus- ja majakkasaari. Helsinki: Suomen Majakkaseura, 2018. ISBN 978-952-94-1087-3

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