After selling the Spider-Manmotion picture rights to Sony, Marvel eventually founded its own film studio, developing the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) based on the characters they still held the rights to. Spider-Man belonged exclusively to Sony until a deal in 2016, when Sony and the Walt Disney Company[2] entered an agreement to introduce Spider-Man to the MCU. Despite some disagreements pertaining to finances and merchandising between the two parties, the agreement proved to be a successful endeavor for both companies. The following two Avengers sequels included Spider-Man, and crossed the two-billion-dollar mark at the worldwide box office. Meanwhile, Sony, in association with Marvel,[3] launched Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU), with Sony entering a three-billion-dollar streaming agreement with Netflix and Disney.[4]
History
The fictional character Spider-Man, a comic book superhero created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko and featured in Marvel Comics publications, has appeared as a main character in numerous theatrical and made-for-television films.
The first four films were linked to television series and screened in theaters only in certain countries. Nicholas Hammond starred as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the 1977 made-for-television film Spider-Man that spawned a broadcast series, and would appear as the character in two sequels edited from those episodes. In 1978, the Toei Company created a theatrical spin-off of their Spider-Man television series, with Shinji Todō reprising his role as Takuya Yamashiro / Spider-Man. None of these films had a theatrical release in the United States.
In February 2015, Disney, Marvel Studios, and Sony made a deal to share the Spider-Man film rights, leading to a new iteration of Spider-Man being introduced and integrated into the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The deal allowed Sony Pictures to continue to own, finance, distribute, and have final creative control of the solo Spider-Man films, with Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributing the films with his other appearances in a supporting capacity. Tom Holland portrays this version of Spider-Man, and has appeared in six films to date, from Captain America: Civil War (2016) to Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). In September 2019, following a brief stand-off resulting in the termination of the old agreement, Disney and Sony relented to fan outcry and reached a new agreement for Holland's version to return for future films; the first film to be produced afterwards was No Way Home, where Holland appears alongside Maguire and Garfield, who reprise their roles in the film as supporting characters. A fourth MCU Spider-Man film is in development at Sony and Marvel Studios.
In 1978, the two-part episode "Deadly Dust" from the television series The Amazing Spider-Man was re-edited and released outside of the United States as a feature film, Spider-Man Strikes Back. Nicholas Hammond reprises his role as Peter Parker / Spider-Man while Robert F. Simon replaces David White in the role of J. Jonah Jameson. The film was theatrically released on 8 May 1978.
In 1981, a film made from The Amazing Spider-Man televisionseries finale "The Chinese Web", using the same method used to make Spider-Man Strikes Back, was released as Spider-Man: The Dragon's Challenge in European territories. Nicholas Hammond and Robert F. Simon respectively reprise their roles as Peter Parker / Spider-Man and J. Jonah Jameson. It was directed by Ron Satlof and written by Robert Janes. Other actors include Rosalind Chao, Benson Fong, and Ellen Bry.
In 1978, Tōei released a theatrical spin-off of their Spider-Man TV series at the Tōei Cartoon Festival. The film was directed by Kōichi Takemoto, who also directed eight episodes of the TV series. The week after the film's release, a character introduced in the film, Jūzō Mamiya (played by Noboru Nakaya), began appearing in episodes of the TV series. The film was released on July 22, 1978. Like the rest of the series, the film was made available for streaming on Marvel's official website in 2009.
Development
Cannon Films
The low box office performance of 1983's Superman III made feature-film adaptations of comic book properties a low priority in Hollywood until the late 1990s.[8] In 1985, after a brief option on Spider-Man by Roger Corman expired,[9]Marvel Comics optioned the property to Cannon Films. Cannon chiefs Menahem Golan and his cousin Yoram Globus agreed to pay Marvel Comics $225,000 over the five-year option period, plus a percentage of any film's revenues.[10] However, the rights would revert to Marvel if a film was not made by April 1990.[11]
Tobe Hooper, then preparing both Invaders from Mars and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, was mooted as director. Golan and Globus misunderstood the concept of the character ("They thought it was like The Wolf Man", said director Joseph Zito)[12] and instructed writer Leslie Stevens, creator of The Outer Limits, to write a treatment reflecting their misconception. In Stevens' story, a corporate scientist intentionally subjects ID-badge photographer Peter Parker to radioactive bombardment, transforming him into a hairy, suicidal, eight-armed monster. This human tarantula refuses to join the scientist's new master-race of mutants, battling a succession of mutations kept in a basement laboratory.[12][13]
Unhappy with this perceived debasement of his comic book creation, Marvel's Stan Lee pushed for a new story and screenplay, written for Cannon by Ted Newsom and John Brancato.[14] The variation on the origin story had Otto Octavius as a teacher and mentor to a college-aged Peter Parker. The cyclotron accident which "creates" Spider-Man also deforms the scientist into Doctor Octopus and results in his mad pursuit of proof of the Fifth Force. "Doc Ock" reconstructs his cyclotron and causes electromagnetic abnormalities, anti-gravity effects, and bilocation which threatens to engulf New York City and the world. Joseph Zito, who had directed Cannon's successful Chuck Norris film Invasion U.S.A., replaced Tobe Hooper.[15] The new director hired Barney Cohen to rewrite the script. Cohen added action scenes, a non-canonical comic-book sidekick for the villain, gave Doc Ock the catch phrase, "Okey-dokey", and altered his goal from the Fifth Force to a quest for anti-gravity. Producer Golan (using his pen name "Joseph Goldman") then made a minor polish to Cohen's rewrite. Zito scouted locations and studio facilities in both the U.S. and Europe, and oversaw storyboard breakdowns supervised by Harper Goff. Cannon planned to make the film on the then-substantial budget of between $15 and $20 million.[10]
While no casting was finalized, Zito expressed interest in actor/stunt man Scott Leva, who had posed for Cannon's promotional photos and ads, and made public appearances as Spider-Man for Marvel. The up-and-coming actor Tom Cruise was also discussed for the leading role. Zito considered Bob Hoskins as Doc Ock. Stan Lee expressed his desire to play Daily Bugle editor J. Jonah Jameson.[16]Lauren Bacall and Katharine Hepburn were considered for Aunt May, Gregory Peck and Paul Newman as Uncle Ben, Peter Cushing as a sympathetic scientist, and Adolph Caesar as a police detective.[14] With Cannon finances siphoned by the expensive Superman IV: The Quest for Peace and Masters of the Universe, the company slashed the proposed Spider-Man budget to under $10 million. Director Zito opted out, unwilling to make a compromised Spider-Man. The company commissioned low-budget rewrites from writers Shepard Goldman, Don Michael Paul, and finally Ethan Wiley, and penciled in company workhorse Albert Pyun as director, who also made script alterations.[13]
Scott Leva was still associated with the character through Marvel (he had appeared in photo covers of the comic), and he read each draft. Leva commented: "Ted Newsom and John Brancato had written the script. It was good, but it needed a little work. Unfortunately, with every subsequent rewrite by other writers, it went from good to bad to terrible."[16] Due to Cannon's assorted financial crises, the project shut down after spending about $1.5 million on the project.[12] In 1989, Pathé, owned by corrupt Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti, acquired the overextended Cannon. The filmmaking cousins parted, Globus remaining associated with Pathé, Golan leaving to run 21st Century Film Corporation, keeping a number of properties (including Spider-Man) in lieu of a cash buy-out. He also extended his Spider-Man option with Marvel up to January 1992.[11]
Golan shelved the low-budget rewrites and attempted to finance an independent production from the original big-budget script, already budgeted, storyboarded and laid out.[17] At Cannes in May 1989, 21st Century announced a September start date, with ads touting the script by "Barney Cohen, Ted Newsom & John Brancato and Joseph Goldman".[18] As standard practice, Golan pre-sold the unmade film to raise production funds, with television rights bought by Viacom and home video rights by Columbia Pictures, which wanted to establish a studio franchise. Stephen Herek was attached as director at this point.[19] Golan submitted this "new" screenplay to Columbia in late 1989 (actually the 1985 script with an adjusted "1989" date) and the studio requested yet another rewrite. Golan hired Frank LaLoggia, who turned in his draft but grew disenchanted with 21st Century. Neil Ruttenberg was hired for one more draft, which was also "covered" by script readers at Columbia.[20] Columbia's script analysts considered all three submissions "essentially the same story". A tentative production deal was set. Stan Lee said in 1990: "21st Century [is] supposed to do Spider-Man and now they're talking to Columbia and the way it looks now, Columbia may end up buying Spider-Man from 21st Century."[21]
Carolco Pictures / MGM
21st Century's Menahem Golan still actively immersed himself mounting "his" Spider-Man, sending the original "Doc Ock" script for production bids. In 1990, he contacted Canadian effects company Light and Motion Corporation regarding the visual effects, which in turn offered the stop-motion chores to Steven Archer (Krull, Clash of the Titans).[22]
Toward the end of shooting True Lies, Variety carried the announcement that Carolco Pictures had received a completed screenplay from James Cameron.[23] This script bore the names of James Cameron, John Brancato, Ted Newsom, Barry [sic] Cohen and "Joseph Goldmari", a typographical scrambling of Golan's pen name ("Joseph Goldman") with Marvel executive Joseph Calamari.[24] The script text was identical to the one Golan submitted to Columbia the previous year, with the addition of a new 1993 date. Cameron stalwart Arnold Schwarzenegger was frequently linked to the project as the director's choice for Doctor Octopus.[25][26]
James Cameron "scriptment"
Months later, James Cameron submitted an undated 57-page "scriptment" with an alternate story (the copyright registration was dated 1991), part screenplay, part narrative story outline.[12] The "scriptment" told the Spider-Man origin, but used variations on the comic book characters Electro and Sandman as villains. This "Electro" (named Carlton Strand, instead of Max Dillon) was a megalomaniacal parody of corrupt capitalists. Instead of Flint Marko's character, Cameron's "Sandman" (simply named Boyd) is mutated by an accident involving Philadelphia Experiment-style bilocation and atom-mixing, in lieu of getting caught in a nuclear blast on a beach. The story climaxes with a battle atop the World Trade Center and had Peter Parker revealing his identity to Mary Jane Watson. In addition, the treatment was also heavy on profanity, and had Spider-Man and Mary Jane having sex on the Brooklyn Bridge.[27]
This treatment reflected elements in previous scripts: from the Stevens treatment, organic web-shooters, and a villain who tempts Spider-Man to join a coming "master race" of mutants; from the original screenplay and rewrite, weird electrical storms causing blackouts, freak magnetic events and bi-location; from the Ethan Wiley draft, a villain addicted to toxic super-powers and multiple experimental spiders, one of which escapes and bites Peter, causing a hallucinatory nightmare invoking Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis; from the Frank LaLoggia script, a blizzard of stolen cash fluttering down onto surprised New Yorkers; and from the Neil Ruttenberg screenplay, a criminal assault on the NYC Stock Exchange.[13] In 1991, Carolco Pictures extended Golan's option agreement with Marvel through May 1996,[11] but in April 1992, Carolco ceased active production on Spider-Man due to continued financial and legal problems.[28] During this time Leonardo DiCaprio was considered for Peter Parker/Spider-Man; Maggie Smith as Aunt May; Robyn Lively as Mary Jane Watson; R. Lee Ermey as J. Jonah Jameson; Michael Biehn as Boyd/Sandman; and Lance Henriksen as Carlton Strand/Electro.[29][30]
Litigation
When James Cameron agreed to make Spider-Man, Carolco lawyers simply used his previous Terminator 2 contract as a template. A clause in this agreement gave Cameron the right to decide on movie and advertising credits. Show business trade articles and advertisements made no mention of Golan, who was still actively assembling the elements for the film.[11] In 1993, Golan complained publicly and finally instigated legal action against Carolco for disavowing his contractual guarantee credit as producer. On the other hand, Cameron had the contractual right to decide on credits.[13] Eventually, Carolco sued Viacom and Columbia to recover broadcast and home video rights, and the two studios countersued.[10]20th Century Fox, though not part of the litigation, contested Cameron's participation, claiming exclusivity on his services as a director under yet another contract.[12] In 1996, Carolco, 21st Century, and Marvel went bankrupt.
Via a quitclaim from Carolco dated March 28, 1995, MGM acquired 21st Century's film library and assets, and received "...all rights in and to all drafts and versions of the screenplay(s) for Spider-Man written by James Cameron, Ted Newsom & John Brancato, Menahem Golan, Jon [sic] Michael Paul, Ethan Wiley, Leslie Stevens, Frank Laloggia, Neil Ruttenberg, Barney Cohen, Shepard Goldman and any and all other writers."[31] MGM also sued 21st Century, Viacom, and Marvel Comics, alleging fraud in the original deal between Cannon and Marvel. In 1998, Marvel emerged from bankruptcy with a reorganization plan that merged the company with Toy Biz.[11] The courts determined that the original contract of Marvel's rights to Golan had expired, returning the rights to Marvel, but the matter was still not completely resolved. In 1999, Marvel licensed Spider-Man rights to Columbia, a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment.[32] MGM disputed the legality, claiming it had the Spider-Man rights via Cannon, 21st Century, and Carolco.[33]
In the meantime, MGM/UA chief executive John Calley moved to Columbia Pictures. Intimately familiar with the legal history of producer Kevin McClory's claim to the rights to both Thunderball and other related James Bond characters and elements, Calley announced that Columbia would produce an alternate 007 series, based on the "McClory material", which Calley acquired for Columbia.[34] Columbia had made the original 1967 film spoof of Casino Royale, a non-Eon production.
Both studios now faced rival projects, which could undercut their own long-term financial stability and plans. Columbia had no consistent movie franchise, and had sought Spider-Man since 1989; MGM/UA's only reliable source of theatrical income was a new James Bond film every two or three years. An alternate 007 series could diminish or even eliminate the power of MGM/UA's long-running Bond series. Likewise, an MGM/UA Spider-Man film could negate Columbia's plans to create an exclusive cash cow. Both sides seemed to have strong arguments for the rights to do such films.[35]
The two studios made a trade-off in March 1999; Columbia relinquished its rights to create a new 007 series in exchange for MGM's giving up its claim to Spider-Man.[36] Columbia acquired the rights to all previous scripts in 2000,[20] but exercised options only on the "Cameron Material", i.e., both the completed multi-author screenplay and the subsequent scriptment.[12] Other sources report that Columbia's owner Sony agreed to pay $10 million, plus 5% of any movies' gross revenue and half the revenue from consumer products.[37] After more than a decade of attempts, Spider-Man truly went into production[10] and since then all of the Spider-Man films were produced and distributed by Columbia Pictures, the primary film production holding of Sony. The first three were directed by Sam Raimi, and the reboot and its sequel were directed by Marc Webb. Laura Ziskin served as producer until her death in 2011.[38]
Spider-Man follows Peter Parker (Tobey Maguire), an orphaned high schooler who pines after popular girl-next-door Mary Jane Watson (Kirsten Dunst). While on a science class field trip at Columbia University, a genetically-engineered "super spider" bites Peter. As a result, Peter gains superhuman abilities, including increased strength, speed, and the abilities to scale walls and generate organic webbing. After his beloved Uncle Ben (Cliff Robertson) is murdered, the teenager realizes that he must use his newfound abilities to protect New York City. Meanwhile, wealthy industrialist Norman Osborn (Willem Dafoe), the father of Peter's best friend Harry Osborn (James Franco), subjects himself to an experimental performance-enhancing serum, which creates a psychotic and murderous split personality. Donning a military battle suit, Norman becomes a freakish "Green Goblin", who begins to terrorize the city. Peter, as Spider-Man, now must battle with the Goblin, all while dealing with personal situations involving his domestic and his love life.
Two years after the events of the first film, Peter struggles to balance his superhero and private lives and still pines after Mary Jane Watson, who is now engaged. Harry Osborn continues to believe Spider-Man is responsible for his father Norman Osborn's death. Spider-Man contends with scientist Otto Octavius (Alfred Molina), also known as Doctor Octopus, who initially mentors his alter-ego and has four mechanical tentacles fused to his spine following a failed fusion-based experiment and sets out to recreate the same that could destroy much of New York City.
Peter is still with Mary Jane Watson, while Harry Osborn succeeds his father as the new Green Goblin (credited as New Goblin). Eddie Brock (Topher Grace), who, like Peter, is a photographer for the Daily Bugle, sets out to defame Spider-Man and incriminate him. Meanwhile, Flint Marko (Thomas Haden Church), an escaped convict, falls into a particle accelerator and becomes a shape-shifting sand monster known as Sandman. Peter later learns that Marko killed Uncle Ben, causing Peter's own dark intentions to grow. This vendetta is enhanced by the appearance of the mysterious black alien symbiotic substance that bonds to Peter, resulting in the formation of a new black costume. Once Peter separates himself from the alien, it finds a new host in the form of Brock, resulting in the creation of Venom and Peter Parker having to battle the villains in the end.
In 2007, Spider-Man 4 entered development, with Raimi attached to direct and Maguire, Dunst, and other cast members set to reprise their roles. Both a fourth and a fifth film were planned and at one time the idea of shooting the two sequels concurrently was under consideration. However, Raimi stated in March 2009 that only the fourth film was in development at that time, and that if there were fifth and sixth films, those two films would actually be a continuation of each other.[39][40][41][42]Zodiac screenwriter James Vanderbilt was hired by Sony Pictures in October 2007 to pen the screenplay after initial reports in January that Sony was in contact with David Koepp, who wrote the first Spider-Man film.[43][44] The script was being rewritten by David Lindsay-Abaire and Gary Ross in November 2008 and October 2009.[45] Sony also engaged Vanderbilt to write scripts for Spider-Man 5 and Spider-Man 6.[44]
In 2007, Raimi expressed interest in depicting the transformation of Dr. Curt Connors into his villainous alter-ego, the Lizard; the character's actor Dylan Baker and producer Grant Curtis were also enthusiastic about the idea.[46][47][48] Raimi also discussed his desire to upgrade Bruce Campbell from a cameo appearance to a significant role,[49] later revealed to be Quentin Beck / Mysterio.[50] It was reported in December 2009 that John Malkovich was in negotiations to play Vulture and that Anne Hathaway would play Felicia Hardy, though she would not have transformed into the Black Cat as in the comics. Instead, Raimi's Felicia was expected to become a new superpowered figure called the Vulturess.[51] Several years later, in 2013, Raimi re-clarified that the Vulturess concept was discarded and Hathaway would've indeed been Black Cat if Spider-Man 4 had been made.[52] Concept art by storyboard artist Jeffrey Henderson revealed in June 2016 showed the inclusion of an opening montage of Spider-Man going up against C and D-list villains, such as Mysterio, the Shocker, the Prowler, the Stilt-Man and the Rhino, with the Vulture serving as the main antagonist; Henderson recalls that the film would have opened with a montage of Spider-Man, now feeling free after breaking up with Mary Jane, catching all villains from his rogues gallery that the crew knew Raimi would never use in his films. Henderson also disclosed that Malkovich would have played the Vulture, who would have been a private contractor who committed terrible actions in behalf of the U.S. government, leading him to be called the "Vulture" because he never left anything but "bones" behind, and the film's climax would have shown the Vulture and Spider-Man fighting in a bloody fight that Spider-Man would have barely won by causing the Vulture's wings to make him tumble between building until crashing into the Citicorp Building's ether and off its top, killing him.[50][53] In April 2022, Raimi stated that he had planned to include Kraven the Hunter in the film.[54]
As disagreements between Sony and Raimi threatened to push the film off the intended May 6, 2011, release date, Sony Pictures announced in January 2010 that plans for Spider-Man 4 had been canceled due to Raimi's withdrawal from the project. Raimi reportedly ended his participation due to his doubt that he could meet the planned May 6, 2011 release date while at the same time upholding the film creatively; he admitted that he was "very unhappy" with the way Spider-Man 3 had turned out, and was under pressure to make the fourth film the best that he could.[55] Raimi purportedly went through four iterations of the script with different screenwriters and still "hated it".[56]
In June 2021, animatic producer David E. Duncan, who worked on Spider-Man 4, uploaded an animatic of the canceled project dated November 12, 2009 to his Vimeo account along with the description: "One of a half dozen animatics I produced for the ill-fated 4th Raimi Spider-Man. Studio politics, creative differences and bad internet reactions (to John Malkovich as Vulture) caused the plug to be pulled December of 2009, early in the prep stage. However, one month later, Sony moved forward with Andrew Garfield reboot...", the animatic depicts a battle between Spider-Man and The Vulture.[57] Duncan later deleted the animatic from his page, but it can still be found on YouTube.[58]
Following his appearance in No Way Home, some fans called for Sony to make a fourth Tobey Maguire Spider-Man film using the hashtag "#MakeRaimiSpiderMan4" on Twitter.[59] In addition, both director Sam Raimi and actress Kirsten Dunst expressed interest in a possible return in a fourth film, while Tobey Maguire stated that he is "open for anything".[60] However, Raimi later stated that he had no plans to direct such a film.[61]
Jeff Pinkner, Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman & James Vanderbilt
Avi Arad & Matt Tolmach
Marc Webb series logo used from 2012 to 2014
Following the cancelation of Spider-Man 4, Sony announced that the franchise would be rebooted with a new director and new cast. Marc Webb directed both of the Amazing Spider-Man films.
The film takes place one year after the first film's events. Peter Parker graduates from high school, continues his crime-fighting duties as Spider-Man, while combating the electricity-manipulating Electro (Jamie Foxx), rekindling his relationship with Gwen Stacy, and encountering his old friend Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan), who is slowly dying from a genetic disease.
Canceled third film, spin-offs, and potential revival
In June 2013, Sony Pictures announced the release dates for the next two Spider-Man films. The third film was scheduled to be released on June 10, 2016, and the fourth to be released on May 4, 2018.[62][63]Paul Giamatti confirmed that Rhino would return in the third film.[64] That November, Sony Pictures Entertainment chief Michael Lynton told analysts: "We do very much have the ambition about creating a bigger universe around Spider-Man. There are a number of scripts in the works."[65] Andrew Garfield stated that his contract was for three films, and was unsure of his involvement for the fourth film.[66] In February 2014, Sony announced that Webb would return to direct the third Amazing Spider-Man film.[67] In March, Webb stated that he would not be directing the fourth film, but would like to remain as a consultant for the series.[68]Roberto Orci told IGN in July that he was not working on the third film due to his involvement in Star Trek Beyond.[69]Alex Kurtzman stated in interview that the third film was still continuing production and that there was a possibility of seeing a Black Cat film.[70] Sony Pictures later announced in July that The Amazing Spider-Man 3 had been delayed to 2018.[71] After the announcement in February 2015 of a new series with Marvel Studios, the sequels to The Amazing Spider-Man 2 were canceled.[72] In July 2015, Denis Leary, who had portrayed police Captain George Stacy in the previous two films, revealed that the film at one point had Spider-Man "take this formula and regenerate the people in his life that died."[73]
In December 2013, Sony issued a press release through the viral site Electro Arrives announcing that two films were in development, with Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci and Ed Solomon writing a spin-off to The Amazing Spider-Man focused on Venom (with Kurtzman attached to direct) and Drew Goddard writing one focused on the villain team Sinister Six. Hannah Minghella and Rachel O'Connor would oversee the development and production of these films for the studio.[74][75] The Venom spinoff eventually became the 2018 film starring the character. In April 2014, it was announced that Goddard would direct the Sinister Six film,[76] and that both spin-offs would be released before a fourth Amazing Spider-Man,[77] with Spider-Man potentially appearing in both spin-offs.[78] Later in the month, Tolmach and Arad revealed the Sinister Six film would be a redemption story,[79] and that the film's lineup might differ from the comics.[80] On July 23, 2014, Sony Pictures announced that The Sinister Six was scheduled for release on November 11, 2016.[71] By August 2014, Sony was also looking to release a female-centered spin-off film in 2017, with Lisa Joy writing, and had given the Venom spin-off the potential title of Venom: Carnage.[81]
"I mean, yes, definitely open to something if it felt right. Peter and Spider-Man, those characters are all about service, to the greater good and the many. He's a working-class boy from Queens that knows struggle and loss and is deeply empathetic. I would try to borrow Peter Parker's ethical framework in that, if there was an opportunity to step back in and tell more of that story, I would have to feel very sure and certain in myself."
Despite the announcement in February 2015 of a new series with Marvel Studios, the Sinister Six, Venom, and female-led spin-off films set in the Amazing Spider-Man timeline were then "still moving forward". Feige was not expected to be creatively involved with these films.[72] However, the Sinister Six film was canceled due to The Amazing Spider-Man 2 underperforming commercially,[83] and by November 2015, the other prospective spin-off films were canceled as well.[84] However, Sony has reworked these plans into creating a new film series based on Marvel characters associated with Spider-Man separate from both the Marvel Cinematic Universe or the Amazing Spider-Man franchise, starting with the release of the 2018 film Venom. These include spinoff films centering around the characters of Morbius,[85]Kraven the Hunter,[86] and Silver and Black,[87] a female-centric team up of the Spider-Man anti-heroes Silver Sable and Black Cat. Jared Leto portrayed the title character Morbius in the spin-off film, directed by Daniel Espinosa and was released on April 1, 2022, to critical and commercial failure.[88]Kraven the Hunter was written by Richard Wenk and the writing team of Art Marcum and Matt Holloway, and has a set release date of December 13, 2024.[89]
Following his appearance in No Way Home, some fans called for Sony to make a third Andrew Garfield Spider-Man film using the hashtag "#MakeTASM3" on Twitter.[90][91][92] In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Garfield expressed interest in reprising his role as his Peter Parker for another Spider-Man film. Tom Holland later expressed support for Garfield to reprise the role in a potential third film.[93]
Sony's 1999[95] exclusive rights, covering all Spider-Man universes[96] (including 900+ characters related to Spider-Man), is perpetual provided that Sony releases a new Spider-Man film at least once every 5.75 years.[97]
Sometime in 2014, prior to the release of The Amazing Spider-Man 2, there had been informal discussions between Amy Pascal and Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige about whether the world and characters of The Amazing Spider-Man films (including Andrew Garfield's version of Spider-Man) could be retroactively integrated into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), but discussions came to nothing. Pascal and Avi Arad had attempted to connect the two franchises prior to these discussions, with the pair revealing that they were intending on licensing out the design of the Oscorp Tower from The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) so it could appear in the New York City skyline of the MCU film The Avengers (2012), establishing the existence of Spider-Man and associated elements in the MCU. It never materialized as a result of the building's design being finalized too late into the latter film's post-production process.[98] Sony also mooted with the idea of doing a crossover film between The Amazing Spider-Man films and the Sam Raimi films with Garfield and Tobey Maguire playing their respective versions of Spider-Man with Raimi reportedly eyed to direct, but this too never came to fruition.[99] In December 2014, following the hacking of Sony Pictures' computers, Sony and Marvel Studios were revealed to have had discussions about licensing Spider-Man to appear in the MCU film Captain America: Civil War (2016) while having control of the film rights remaining with Sony. Talks between the studios then broke down. Instead, Sony had considered having Raimi return to direct a new trilogy.[100]
On February 9, 2015, Sony Pictures and Disney announced a licensing agreement that would allow Spider-Man to appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, with the character appearing in an MCU film and Sony releasing a Spider-Man film co-produced by Feige and Pascal. Sony Pictures would continue to own, finance, distribute, and exercise final creative control over the Spider-Man films.[101] Feige stated that Marvel had been working to add Spider-Man to the MCU since at least October 2014.[102] The next month, Marvel Entertainment CCO Joe Quesada indicated that the Peter Parker version of the character would be used,[103] which Feige confirmed in April.[104] The following June, Feige clarified that the initial Sony deal did not allow the character to appear in any of the MCU television series, as it was "very specific... with a certain amount of back and forth allowed."[105]
Tom Holland, who portrays Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the MCU, revealed in November 2016 that he was signed for "three Spider-Man movies and three solo movies".[106] In June 2017, Holland, Feige, and Jon Watts, director of the MCU Spider-Man films, confirmed that a child (portrayed by Max Favreau) wearing an Iron Man mask whom Tony Stark saves from a drone in Iron Man 2 (2010), was a young Peter Parker, retroactively making it the introduction of the character to the MCU.[107][108]
In August 2019, Disney and Sony couldn't reach a new agreement regarding Spider-Man films, with Marvel Studios and Feige said to no longer have any involvement in any future films. Deadline Hollywood noted that Disney had hoped future films would be a "50/50 co-financing arrangement between the studios", with the possibility to extend the deal to other Spider-Man-related films, an offer Sony rejected and did not counter. Instead, Sony hoped to keep the terms of the previous agreement, where Marvel would receive 5% of the film's initial theatrical gross, with Disney refusing.[109]The Hollywood Reporter added that the lack of a new agreement would see the end of Holland's Spider-Man in the MCU.[110]Variety cited unnamed sources claiming negotiations had "hit an impasse" and that a new deal could still be reached.[111] On August 24, Feige reportedly commented at Disney's D23 Expo: "We got to make five films within the MCU with Spider-Man: two standalone films and three with the Avengers. It was a dream that I never thought would happen. It was never meant to last forever. We knew there was a finite amount of time that we'd be able to do this, and we told the story we wanted to tell, and I'll always be thankful for that."[112]
The following month, in response to fan outcry, Disney and Sony reached a new deal, which includes a third Spider-Man film as well as one other film, both set in the MCU.[113] At the time, Watts entered final negotiations to return as director.[114] In November 2021, Pascal revealed in an interview that Sony and Marvel Studios are going to continue collaborating for another trilogy of films set in the MCU.[115]
Reports indicated that the first MCU film that Spider-Man would appear in as part of the deal, would be Captain America: Civil War.[116][117] Directors Joe and Anthony Russo had lobbied for months to include the character in that film.[118] Anthony Russo stated that, despite Marvel telling them to have a "plan B" should the deal with Sony fail, the Russos never created one because "it was very important to us to reintroduce" Spider-Man in the film, adding, "We only have envisioned the movie with Spider-Man."[119] By the end of May 2015, Asa Butterfield, Tom Holland, Judah Lewis, Matthew Lintz, Charlie Plummer and Charlie Rowescreen tested for the lead role, against Robert Downey Jr., who portrays Tony Stark / Iron Man, for chemistry.[120][121] The six were chosen out of a search of over 1,500 actors to test in front of Feige, Pascal, and the Russo brothers.[120] In June, Feige and Pascal narrowed the actors considered to Holland and Rowe. Both screen tested again with Downey, with Holland also testing with Chris Evans, who portrays Steve Rogers / Captain America, and emerged as the favorite.[121] Holland was ultimately cast as Spider-Man in June.[122] The following month, Marisa Tomei was in talks for the role of May Parker,[123] later appearing in Civil War.[124]
In the film, Parker, who has spent the last six months as a local costumed crimefighter named Spider-Man, is recruited by Stark to join his team of Avengers to stop Rogers and his rogue faction of Avengers, who oppose the Sokovia Accords, from fleeing with fugitive Bucky Barnes. During the fight with Rogers and his team, Parker, utilizing a Stark-upgraded version of his initial makeshift suit, proves to be a formidable opponent, and implements a tactic with which he, Stark, James Rhodes / War Machine and Vision disable Scott Lang / Ant-Man in his giant-sized form. Upon returning home, Parker discovers some of the Stark tech features of the suit he was given by Stark.
Set two months after the events of Civil War, Parker anxiously awaits his next assignment from Stark while simultaneously balancing his life at Midtown High with his vigilante life as Spider-Man. His investigation of a series of highly weaponized robberies leads him to mysterious weapons trafficker Adrian Toomes and despite Stark's warnings not to be involved attempts to stop him.
In October 2016, Holland said the possibility of him appearing in Avengers: Infinity War was "all up in the air", but that "some sort of deal is in the mix" with Sony for him to appear.[133] Holland was eventually confirmed to appear in the film, directed by the Russo brothers, as part of the ensemble cast in February 2017.[134]
Parker joins Iron Man, Doctor Strange, and the Guardians of the Galaxy in battling Thanos in the ruins of his home planet, Titan. However, Parker is among the many heroes who perish after Thanos snaps his fingers with a completed Infinity Gauntlet, which wipes out half of all life in the universe.
Holland was confirmed to be a part of Avengers: Endgame, directed by the Russo brothers, in April 2017.[135]
After dying at the end of Infinity War, Parker along with the other victims of Thanos are resurrected by Bruce Banner five years later and joins the Avengers and their allies in a clash against Thanos and his army in upstate New York. At the battle's conclusion, Parker mourns Stark's death and attends his funeral with Aunt May before returning to high school to reunite with his best friend Ned.
In December 2016, Sony Pictures announced a sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming, for release on July 5, 2019.[136] In June 2017, Feige stated that the film would be titled in a similar fashion to Homecoming, using a subtitle, and would not have a number in the title.[137] A year later, Holland revealed the film's title as Spider-Man: Far From Home.[138] Watts returned to direct, and Holland, Zendaya, Favreau, Batalon, Tomei, and Revolori reprise their roles from Homecoming, with Jake Gyllenhaal joining as Quentin Beck / Mysterio. As in Homecoming, other characters from MCU installments reprise their roles, with Samuel L. Jackson and Cobie Smulders appearing as Nick Fury and Maria Hill, respectively. In April 2019, Sony Pictures moved the release date to July 2, 2019.[139]
Set after the events of Endgame, the film features Parker and his friends going to Europe on summer vacation, where Parker, intending to take a break from superheroics is drawn back to it when he is forced to team up with Fury and Mysterio in battling the Elementals.
After Mysterio exposes Parker's identity as Spider-Man to the world in Far From Home in addition to incriminating him for his demise, ruining Parker's and his close ones' life in the process, Parker asks Strange to make it a secret again with magic, but this inadvertently breaks open the multiverse and allows visitors from alternate realities to enter Parker's universe.
Avengers: Doomsday (2026)
In October 2024, Tom Holland was reported to be reprising his role as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in Avengers: Doomsday (2026), with The Hollywood Reporter breaking that principal photography for the next Spider-Man film with Marvel Studios was delayed to mid-2025 as a means of accommodating his simultaneous commitment to Doomsday, as well as his starring role in Christopher Nolan's next film.[145] In an interview, Holland additionally revealed that he was aware of Robert Downey Jr.'s casting as the film's lead antagonist Victor von Doom / Doctor Doom ahead of its reveal at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2024, as the pair remained in contact after working together on Captain America: Civil War, Spider-Man: Homecoming and the previous Avengers films.[146]
Untitled No Way Home sequel (2026)
Amy Pascal confirmed plans for a sequel to Spider-Man: No Way Home and a second trilogy of films set in the MCU in November 2021 ahead of the film's release, with Kevin Feige confirming the active development of a fourth MCU Spider-Man film in addition to his next supporting appearance in the franchise the following month. Marvel Studios returns to co-produce the film with Sony Pictures and Pascal Pictures. Tom Holland was expected to reprise his role, with his character undergoing a soft-reset as a result of his "momentous decision" during No Way Home's climax, as insinuated by the final line of the screenplay of No Way Home reading: "Peter Parker is no more, but Spider-Man lives on", describing public knowledge of the character's civilian persona being erased by Doctor Strange's spell.[147][148][149]
On October 23, 2024, a fourth MCU Spider-Man film was officially confirmed with Holland set to reprise his role and filming scheduled to begin in 2025.[150] Two days later, Destin Daniel Cretton was announced as the director. The film is currently scheduled to be released on July 24, 2026.[151]
In April 2015, Sony announced that Phil Lord and Christopher Miller were writing and producing a Spider-Man animated comedy in development at Sony Pictures Animation. As revealed by the e-mail leak one year before, the duo had been previously courted by Sony to take over the studio's animation division. Originally scheduled to be released on December 21, 2018, Sony changed the date a week earlier on December 14.[152][153] Sony Pictures Animation president Kristine Belson unveiled the film's logo, with the working titleAnimated Spider-Man, at CinemaCon 2016, and declared that "conceptually and visually, [the film] will break new ground for the superhero genre."[154] Bob Persichetti would direct the animated film,[155] with Peter Ramsey and Rodney Rothman serving as co-directors and Miles Morales as the protagonist in the film.[156]
In November 2018, it was revealed that Into the Spider-Verse had entered into sequel development.[159] The sequel, which continues Morales' story and features a romance with Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman,[160] was directed by Joaquim Dos Santos and written by David Callaham.[161] In February 2021, Christopher Miller revealed that both he and Phil Lord were co-writing the screenplay with Callaham, and that Peter Ramsey would serve as an executive producer, after co-directing the first film.[162] By April, Kemp Powers and Justin K. Thompson (the latter of which had previously served as production designer on the first film) were announced to co-direct the film alongside Dos Santos.[163] In April 2022, it was announced that the film had been retitled, with the (Part One) moniker removed in favor of separating the film and its sequel.[164] It released on June 2, 2023 after being delayed from its initial April 8, 2022 release date.[165][166]
It was directed by Jarelle Dampier and written by Khaila Amazan through Sony Pictures Imageworks' LENS program and is set between Into the Spider-Verse and Across the Spider-Verse. It focuses on Miles Morales' life as he, overwhelmed by school work, exams and relationships, as well as his secret identity as Spider-Man, "starts to feel the pressure [...], which results in a scary, trippy little jaunt through his subconscious."[169]
Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse (TBA)
In December 2021, Lord and Miller revealed that the film was being split into two parts after they had written down the story they wanted to tell for the sequel and realized that it was too much for a single film. Work on both parts was taking place simultaneously.[170] In April 2022, it was announced that the film had been retitled from Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part Two) to Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse.[164] The film was originally set to be released on March 29, 2024 after being delayed from its initial release window of 2022 and 2023, but was removed from Sony's release schedule in late July 2023 due to the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike, with Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire taking over its original release date.[171][166][172]
Spider-Woman
Along with the announcement of a sequel, a spin-off focused on female Spider-characters was revealed to be in development, with Lauren Montgomery in talks to direct the film, while Bek Smith is set to write.[159] The spin-off will star Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman, and is set to feature the characters Cindy Moon / Silk and Jessica Drew / Spider-Woman.[160] Producer Amy Pascal felt that "it's great that we're going to be able to tell movies about female superheroes in this realm" as she believes "there are going to be characters that really resonate for people".[160] On how the spin-off film will be connected to Across the Spider-Verse, Pascal said that it will act as a "launching pad" for the spin-off.[160]Hailee Steinfeld expressed interest in reprising her role as Gwen in the film.[173]
Potential projects
John Mulaney expressed interest in a spin-off film starring Spider-Ham, with the potential plot being a "Watergate-like story" which could focus on the character's career as a reporter.[174]
Work on an expanded universe using supporting characters from the Spider-Man films began by December 2013. After the relative critical and financial failure of The Amazing Spider-Man 2, these plans were abandoned and in February 2015, Sony announced a deal to collaborate with Marvel Studios on future Spider-Man films and integrate the character into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). This relationship produced Spider-Man: Homecoming, Spider-Man: Far From Home, and Spider-Man: No Way Home, while Sony separately redeveloped Venom (2018) as a standalone film beginning a new franchise named Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU). The franchise continued with Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021) and Morbius (2022), both of which established that the MCU and SSU would be connected through the multiverse, a concept previously explored in No Way Home.
The mid-credits scene of Let There Be Carnage sees Eddie Brock and Venom transported from their hotel to an unfamiliar location and witnessing the MCU version of J. Jonah Jameson talking about Spider-Man's identity as Peter Parker. This is continued in the mid-credits scene of No Way Home, where Brock and Venom are transported back into their original universe, leaving a small piece of the Venom symbiote behind.
Michael Keaton reprises his Spider-Man: Homecoming role as Adrian Toomes / Vulture during the post-credits scenes in Morbius. Following the casting of Doctor Strange's second spell permanently erasing the world's knowledge of Peter Parker's civilian identity, Toomes is accidentally transported from the MCU to the SSU, ending up in a vacated prison cell in the latter universe. Upon being released immediately due to lacking a criminal record in the new universe, Toomes begins to surmise Spider-Man's involvement in his displacement. He soon constructs a new Vulture suit and arranges to meet Dr. Michael Morbius, to whom he proposes they form a team.[175]
Producer Amy Pascal revealed in May 2023 that a live-action film centered on Miles Morales was in development after the character was featured in the animated Spider-Verse films.[186] Pascal and Christopher Miller said the Miles Morales film would be made following Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse and the fourth MCU Spider-Man film.[187]
Bruce Campbell, a long-time colleague of Sam Raimi, has a cameo appearance in all three films in the original trilogy.
In Spider-Man, he portrays the wrestling ring announcer who gives Peter the name "Spider-Man" instead of the "Human Spider" (the name with which Peter wanted to be introduced).
In Spider-Man 2, he portrays an usher to Mary Jane's play who refuses to let Peter enter after arriving late.
In Spider-Man 3, Campbell appears as a French maître d' who messes up Peter's proposal to Mary Jane.[193]
^ abcThis version of the character is from Gwen Stacy's Earth-65.
^ abThis version of the character becomes the Lizard.
^ abDespite being portrayed by the same actor from the Raimi films, this is a different version of the character belonging to the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
^Voices different versions of the character. Additionally, archival audio from Spider-Man is used for a single scene in ATSV.
^Woodley filmed scenes for The Amazing Spider-Man 2 but was ultimately removed from the final cut. Only one shot of her remains in the film, albeit from behind. No other footage has been revealed since.
^ abcdThis version of the character uses the alias of the Green Goblin.
^Despite his alter ego being marketed and noted on the credits as the New Goblin in Spider-Man 3, the character never uses such alias in the film.
^This version of the Burglar is named Dennis Carradine.
^ abThis version of the character is Otto Octavius as adapted from the source material.
^This version of the character is female and named Olivia Octavius.[192]
^Molina's archival audio from No Way Home is used for a male version of Doctor Octopus.
^Additionally, 12 different versions of the character appear in ATSV as anomalies captured by the Spider-Society, including Superior Spider-Man and a female variant named Pirate Doctor Octopus. A LEGO variant also appears on a newspaper in Earth-13122.
^Additionally, a student in Peter Parker's university class in Spider-Man 2, portrayed by Brianna Brown, is identified as Gwen Stacy in the film's novelization.
^This version of the character is known as Spider-Woman.
^Additionally, Denis Leary appears in ATSV via archival footage from The Amazing Spider-Man.
^ abMultiple versions of the character are pulled through a rift due to a corrupted Doctor Strange spell in No Way Home. They are promptly sent back to their home universes.
^Voices a variant named Adriano Toomino who is from an alternate Renaissance inspired universe.
^This version of the character uses the alias of Prowler.
^Additionally, Donald Glover portrays a live-action version of Prowler in ATSV.
^This version of the character uses the alias of Scorpion.
^Chameleon appears as a photo in ITSV. He reappears in ATSV as one of the villains that Miles is shown to have fought.
The Sam Raimi trilogy was released on DVD, the first two being released exclusively as two-disc sets and on VHS, with the third film being released in both single and two-disc editions. All three films were later packaged in a "Motion Picture DVD Trilogy" box set.
Spider-Man 3 was initially the only Spider-Man film to be released individually on the high-definition Blu-ray format. The first two films were made available on Blu-ray, but only as part of a boxed set with the third film, called Spider-Man: The High-Definition Trilogy. The first two films lacked the bonus features from the DVDs, although Spider-Man 2 did contain both cuts of the film.[citation needed]
Sony re-released the three films on June 12, 2012.[196] The DVDs of the first two films reinstated a selection of the bonus features missing from the earlier Blu-ray releases, although the Spider-Man 3 reissue did not include the bonus disc of additional special features that appeared on earlier Blu-ray releases.
All three films which comprise the Raimi-trilogy are available in the U.S. on iTunes.[197][198][199]
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 became the first Spider-Man movie released on Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 1, 2016. Sony released the home video release of Homecoming on UHD and other home video formats on October 17, 2017,[200] as well as sets featuring all of their other Spider-Man movies on UHD. This included Spider-Man: Limited Edition Collection, which includes all three Raimi films, and The Amazing Spider-Man: Limited Edition Collection, which includes both Webb films.[201]
In April 2021, Disney and Sony Pictures reached a multi-year deal to let Sony's titles (such as films from the Spider-Man, Jumanji, as well as Hotel Transylvania and other Sony Pictures Animation franchises) stream on Hulu and Disney+. A significant number of Sony titles began streaming on Hulu starting in June 2021.[202] It includes films from 2022 onwards. While the deal only concerns the United States, titles from Sony Pictures began to also be added to Disney+ in regions outside of the U.S., as early as June 2022, starting with the majority of the Spider-Man films.[203]
Theatrical re-releases
In March 2024, Sony announced that all of their live-action Spider-Man films would be re-released in theaters as part of Columbia Pictures' 100th anniversary celebration.[204]
Spider-Man was re-released on April 15, 2024.
Spider-Man 2 was re-released on April 22, 2024.
Spider-Man 3 was re-released on April 29, 2024.
The Amazing Spider-Man was re-released on May 6, 2024.
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was re-released on May 13, 2024.
Spider-Man: Homecoming was re-released on May 20, 2024.
Spider-Man: Far From Home was re-released on May 27, 2024.
Spider-Man: No Way Home was re-released on June 3, 2024.
All three films of the Raimi-trilogy set opening day records in North America.[218] The Spider-Man films are among the top of North American rankings of films based on Marvel Comics, with Spider-Man: No Way Home ranking 2nd, Spider-Man ranking 10th, Spider-Man: Far From Home ranking 11th, Spider-Man 2 ranking 13th, Spider-Man 3 ranking 15th, and Spider-Man: Homecoming ranking 16th.[219] In North America, Spider-Man: No Way Home, Spider-Man, Spider-Man: Far From Home, Spider-Man 2, Spider-Man 3 and Spider-Man: Homecoming are ranked 2nd, 14th, 15th, 17th, 19th, and 22nd for all superhero films.[220] Worldwide, Spider-Man: No Way Home, Spider-Man: Far From Home, Spider-Man 3, and Spider-Man: Homecoming are ranked 3rd, 11th, 16th, and 17th for all superhero films. The Raimi-trilogy and the MCU films (Homecoming, Far From Home, and No Way Home) are six of the seven most successful films produced by Sony/Columbia Pictures in North America,[221] with No Way Home becoming Sony's highest-grossing film both in North America and worldwide.
David Ansen of Newsweek enjoyed Spider-Man as a fun film to watch, though he considered Spider-Man 2 to be "a little too self-important for its own good." Ansen saw Spider-Man 3 as a return to form, finding it "the most grandiose chapter and the nuttiest."[286] Tom Charity of CNN appreciated the films' "solidly redemptive moral convictions", also noting the vast improvement of the visual effects from the first film to the third. While he saw the second film's Doc Ock as the "most engaging" villain, he applauded the third film's Sandman as "a triumph of CGI wizardry."[287] Richard Corliss of Time enjoyed the action of the films and thought that they did better than most action movies by "rethinking the characters, the franchise and the genre."[288]
Colin Covert of the Star Tribune praised Spider-Man as a "superb debut" of the superhero as well as Spider-Man 2 as a "superior sequel" for filmgoers who are fans "of spectacle and of story." Covert expressed disappointment in Spider-Man 3 as too ambitious with the multiple storylines leaving one "feeling overstuffed yet shortchanged."[289] Manohla Dargis of The New York Times enjoyed the humor of the first two films, but found it missing in the third installment. Dargis also noted, "The bittersweet paradox of this franchise is that while the stories have grown progressively less interesting the special effects have improved tremendously."[290] Robert Denerstein of the Rocky Mountain News ranked the films from his favorite to his least favorite: Spider-Man 2, Spider-Man, and Spider-Man 3. While Denerstein missed the presence of Alfred Molina as Doctor Octopus from the second film, he found the third film – despite being "bigger, though not necessarily better" – to have a "satisfying conclusion."[291]
Although Spider-Man 3 does have its own soundtrack, the album does not feature any of the film's score composed by Christopher Young. All songs included on the album, with the exceptions of Chubby Checker's cover of "The Twist" and the Snow Patrol single "Signal Fire", are not heard in the film.
^ abcdefHiltzik, Michael A. (March 24, 2002). "Untangling the Web". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
^ abcdGross, Edward (2002). Spider-Man Confidential. Hyperion.
^ abO'Neill, Patrick Daniel (March 1990). "Screenwriter Ted Newsom". Comics Interview Magazine (85). Fictioneer Books Ltd.
^Cohen, Barry; Newson, Ted; Cameron, James; Goldmari, Joseph; Brancato, John (August 4, 1993). "Spider-Man". Hundland.com. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved May 20, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Quesada, Joe (March 22, 2015). "Have you seen any visual concepts/early designs". Tumblr. Retrieved March 22, 2015. The trick to making any incarnation of Spider-Man great, whether comics, animation or film is Peter Parker. Get Peter's character right and the rest falls into place.
Finnish rally co-driver (born 1959) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Risto Mannisenmäki – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2011) (Learn how and when to remove t...
11th-century literary work by Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi Tarikh Baghdad EditorMustafa Abdul Qadir 'AtaAuthorAl-Khatib al-BaghdadiCountryLebanonLanguageArabicSubjectHistory, Biography, HadithPublisherDar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah (DKI)Pages9872ISBN9782745104663 History of Baghdad (Arabic: تاريخ بغداد, romanized: Tarikh Baghdad) is a major classical Islamic biographical dictionary written by the medieval Muslim historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi.[1][2] Description This immense...
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Presidential library and museum for U.S. President Richard Nixon in Yorba Linda, California Richard Nixon Presidential LibraryView from birthplace looking across gardens to the Nixon Library MuseumShow map of the Los Angeles metropolitan areaShow map of CaliforniaShow map of the United StatesGeneral informationLocationYorba Linda, California, United StatesCoordinates33°53′21″N 117°49′10″W / 33.88917°N 117.81944°W / 33.88917; -117.81944 (Richard Nixo...
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Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri:Politik Uni Soviet Kepemimpinan Pemimpin Kepala Negara PresidenWakil Presiden Kepemimpinan bersama Dewan Negara Dewan Presidensial Partai Komunis Kongres Komite Pusat Sejarah Sekretaris Jenderal Politbiro Sekretariat Orgbiro Perwakilan Kongres Soviet(Komite Eksekutif Pusat) Majelis Agung Dewan Kesatuan Dewan Kebangsaan Presidium Kongres Perwakilan Rakyat Ketua Pemilu legislatif 1989 Pemerintahan Konstitusi Nama resmi 1924 1936 1977 Pemerintah Kemente...
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This article is about a Municipality in Kottayam district. For the constituency, see Vaikom (State Assembly constituency). For the temple, see Vaikom Temple. Municipality in Kerala, IndiaVaikomMunicipalityVaikom Mahadeva TempleVaikomLocation in Kerala, IndiaShow map of KeralaVaikomVaikom (India)Show map of IndiaCoordinates: 9°45′00″N 76°23′34″E / 9.75000°N 76.39278°E / 9.75000; 76.39278CountryIndiaStateKeralaDistrictKottayamTalukVaikomGovernment •...
Quinn ShephardShephard tahun 2017Lahir28 Februari 1995 (umur 28)New Jersey, Amerika Serikat[1]PekerjaanAktris, penulis skenario, sutradara, produserTahun aktif2001–sekarangSitus webreelquinnshephard.com Quinn Shephard (lahir 28 Februari 1995[2]) adalah seorang aktris asal Amerika Serikat yang terkenal karena perannya sebagai Morgan Sanders di serial televisi CBS, Hostages dan sebagai Donna Malone dalam film komedi liburan Unaccompanied Minors. Pada tahun 2017, dia ...
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for books. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merge...
Syrian Kurdish leader Salih Muslim Muhammadصالح مسلم محمدSalih Muslim in December 2012Chairman of the Democratic Union PartyIncumbentAssumed office 20 June 2022Serving with Asya Abdullah (since 2022)Preceded byAnwar Muslim alongside Aysha Hisso[1]In office2010 – September 2017Serving with Asya Abdullah (since 2012)Succeeded byShahoz Hassan alongside Aysha Hisso[2] Personal detailsBorn1951 (age 71–72)[3]Kobanî, Alep...
Saint-Sylvain Gemeente in Frankrijk Situering Regio Normandië Departement Calvados (14) Arrondissement Caen Kanton Le Hom Coördinaten 49° 3′ NB, 0° 13′ WL Algemeen Oppervlakte 13,48 km² Inwoners (1 januari 2020) 1.445[1] (107 inw./km²) Hoogte 38 -86 m Overig Postcode 14190 INSEE-code 14659 Foto's Kerk van Saint-Sylvain Portaal Frankrijk Saint-Sylvain is een gemeente in het Franse departement Calvados (regio Normandië). De plaats maakt deel uit van het a...
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1983 Spanish filmCarmenSpanish film posterDirected byCarlos SauraWritten byProsper Mérimée (novel)Carlos SauraAntonio GadesProduced byEmiliano PiedraStarringAntonio GadesLaura del SolCinematographyTeo EscamillaEdited byPedro del ReyMusic byPaco de LucíaProductioncompanyTelevisión EspañolaDistributed byC.B. Films S.A.Release date 6 May 1983 (1983-05-06) Running time102 minutesCountrySpainLanguageSpanishBox office$3.1 million (United States and Canada)[1] Carmen is a...
British confection Soor ploomTypeConfectioneryPlace of originScotlandRegion or stateGalashiels A Soor ploom (Scots for sour plum) is a sharp-flavoured, round, green boiled sweet originally associated with Galashiels, Scotland. They are sold loose by weight in paper bags, traditionally in quarters — a quarter of a pound. They are said to have been first made in 1337 in commemoration of a skirmish near Galashiels. A raiding party from England were overwhelmed and killed by local men when disc...
Este artículo trata sobre la película de Japón. Para otros usos de este término, véase Las Puertas del Infierno. 地獄門 Ficha técnicaDirección Teinosuke KinugasaProducción Masaichi NagataGuion Teinosuke KinugasaMúsica Yasushi AkutagawaProtagonistas Machiko KyōJun TazakiKazuo HasegawaIsao YamagataMasao ShimizuYatarō KurokawaKoreya SendaRyosuke KagawaKunitarō Sawamura Ver todos los créditos (IMDb)Datos y cifrasPaís JapónAño 1953Género DramaDuración 88 minutosIdioma(s) Japon...
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