In Kraven's first appearance, he calls Spider-Man "the most dangerous game", a direct reference to the 1924 short story of the same name, in which General Zaroff, a Russian big-game hunter (and a primary inspiration for the character), hunts people for sport.[6]
Kraven is typically portrayed as a renowned big-game hunter whose goal in life is to beat Spider-Man to prove himself as the world's greatest hunter.[7] Though he is often overconfident in his own abilities, about which he likes to boast, he possesses a great sense of honor, and treats his adversaries as equals until proven otherwise. Because of this, Kraven has sometimes been depicted as an antihero and has teamed up with other heroes, including Spider-Man, the Avengers of 1959, and Squirrel Girl, in The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl (2015–2019). The character is widely regarded as one of Spider-Man's most formidable enemies, and has gained considerable attention from storylines such as 1987's "Kraven's Last Hunt," 2010's "Grim Hunt", 2015–2019's "The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl's Friend Kraven", and 2019's "Hunted". The mantle of Kraven the Hunter has also been assumed by Kraven's sons Alyosha and Sergei Kravinoff II, and his daughter Ana Kravinoff.
The character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man issue #15 (August 1964), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko.[8] Though he would occasionally appear in other characters' titles, he was most frequently used as a Spider-Man foe. He is killed off in the acclaimed 1987 storyline by J. M. DeMatteis, Mike Zeck, and Bob McLeod, "Kraven's Last Hunt". Although generally considered to be the definitive Kraven the Hunter story, the story originally had a completely different character in Kraven's role. Writer DeMatteis recounted:
As I was getting ready to work on the story, I was sitting in my office and looking through a Marvel Universe Handbook and came across the entry for Kraven the Hunter. To this day, I don't know if this was something that was established in continuity, or if whoever was writing the Handbook entry made it up, but they mentioned that Kraven was Russian. For me, a total Dostoyevsky fanatic, the idea that Kraven was Russian and had the same tortured, Russian soul that the great Dostoyevsky characters had, unlocked this door in my head and suddenly I had a new understanding of this character. I thought about Kraven and the forces that had driven him to be who and what he was. This was a character I had never had any interest in whatsoever. I always thought he was one of the stupidest Spider-Man villains ever, but suddenly I had this whole new take on the character.[9]
Despite Kraven the Hunter being one of Spider-Man's most long-standing arch-enemies, DeMatteis claims that none of Marvel's editorial staff objected to the proposal to have him killed in the story.[9] Kraven later returns as a ghost in the graphic novel The Amazing Spider-Man: Soul of the Hunter, also by DeMatteis, Zeck, and McLeod. DeMatteis also wrote "Kraven's First Hunt" for The Sensational Spider-Man Annual '96, a retelling of The Amazing Spider-Man #15 which incorporated several DeMatteis retcons, such as that Kraven was abusive towards the Chameleon.
Kraven is a maniacal big-game hunter who seeks to defeat Spider-Man to prove that he is the greatest hunter in the world.[10] Unlike other hunters, he typically disdains the use of guns or bow and arrows, preferring to take down large dangerous animals with his bare hands. He also lives by a code of honour of sorts, choosing to hunt his game fairly.[11] He consumes a mystical serum to give himself enhanced strength and dramatically slow the aging process. Kraven was trained as a hunter largely by a mysterious man named Gregor, a mercenary who once battled Ka-Zar.[12] Kraven was, at one point, the lover of the voodoo priestess Calypso.[13]
He is contacted by his half-brother the Chameleon to defeat Spider-Man. He leads Spider-Man to Central Park with the help of the Chameleon, who disguises himself as Kraven to use himself as a decoy while the real Kraven ambushes the hero. However, despite Kraven having weakened Spider-Man with a poisonous dart, Spider-Man prevails in the end. Spider-Man proves a frustrating quarry because Kraven continually underestimates the superhero's resourcefulness.[14]
Kraven becomes a founding member of the Sinister Six when he accepts Doctor Octopus's offer to form a team to fight Spider-Man. They capture Aunt May and Betty Brant. He attacks Spider-Man in Central Park with three tigers. Spider-Man fights off the attackers and secures the next clue to where Aunt May and Betty Brant are being held. After Aunt May and Betty Brant are rescued, Kraven the Hunter and the rest of the Sinister Six are arrested by the police.[15]
While in the Savage Land, Kraven the Hunter finds Gog in a spaceship that he stumbles upon. Realizing how useful Gog can be, Kraven the Hunter decides to use him in a plot to conquer the Savage Land. After kidnapping the visiting Gwen Stacy from a camp in the Savage Land, Kraven and Gog battle the heroes Ka-Zar and Spider-Man.[16] While Ka-Zar deals with Kraven, Spider-Man defeats Gog by luring him into a patch of quicksand, which he sinks to the bottom of.[17]
Determined to end his life as he becomes older, frustrated with his failing health and continuing failure to defeat Spider-Man, Kraven sets out a final hunt for Spider-Man. After capturing Spider-Man, he shoots him with a coma-inducing drug and buries him alive on his estate.[18] To complete his victory, he attempts to become Spider-Man's clear superior by impersonating him in a brutal vigilante campaign and capturing Vermin, the one foe Spider-Man had never been able to defeat on his own (Spider-Man's last battle with Vermin required Captain America's assistance).[19][20]
After Spider-Man emerges from his grave two weeks later, Kraven explains his actions to him and sets Vermin free. Spider-Man goes after Vermin to prevent his killing again. Kraven leaves a final confession of his crimes against Spider-Man and then commits suicide.[21] Because of his suicide, his soul is unable to find rest until Spider-Man confronts his risen corpse on Kraven's behalf.[22]
Across "The Gauntlet" and "Grim Hunt", Kraven is resurrected from the dead by his ex-wife Sasha Kravinoff and their children with a dark magic ritual using the blood of Spider-Man, following his son Vladimir (who ironically enough had been murdered by Kaine Parker, the same sacrifice victim who brought Kraven himself back to life).[23] Thoroughly unhappy and enraged with having been bestowed an unwanted revival, Sergei is shown to now be explosively psychopathic and cold towards his family, beating his son Vladimir and daughter Ana and expressing little attention towards his wife. After being stabbed by his daughter Ana, Sergei recovers, stating that Sasha restored him with corrupted blood which he calls "unlife". They pull off the mask of the corpse of Spider-Man hung in their mantel and discover that Kaine had impersonated Peter in Spider-Man's costume. Kaine's nature as a clone indicates his unnatural existence has muddied the properties of the ritual.[24] Spider-Man, in his black costume, confronts Kraven and the rest of the Kravinoff Family. Spider-Man is tempted to kill Kraven, who eagerly and desperately attempts to goad him into it. Beating him brutally, Spider-Man takes Kraven's spear in hand and prepares to grant his enemy his wish but he refuses to do so when he is reminded by Julia Carpenter (who has inherited the powers of Madame Web after her death) that committing murder is not in his moral code, and furthermore, by going through with it, damns himself to a future where from that point he takes on a more brutal approach to crime-fighting, including killing suspects, which will lead him to die in a standoff against the police (a scenario previously glimpsed in an earlier issue). Following their defeat by Spider-Man, Kraven and his family escape to the Savage Land. While there, Kraven brutally kills Sasha (who complained that Kraven would have to hunt them to prove their place in the Kravinoff family) and euthanizes Vladimir. Alyosha flees in disgust of what his dad did to his stepmom and half-brother afterwards. Kraven and Ana discuss rebuilding the Kravinoff family, which leads to Ana running off to hunt Alyosha to prove herself worthy to Kraven and rebuild the Kravinoff family.[25]
While he is in the Savage Land, Agent Venom lands in the area on an unrelated mission from the federal government. Mistaking him to be Spider-Man, Kraven attacks him and gains the upper hand before Venom escapes.[27]
At one point, Kraven is contacted by a doctor who once treated him when a past hunt went wrong, the doctor requesting that Kraven track down a recent patient of hers—who had been used as a test subject to duplicate another man's electrical abilities—as well as asking that he capture the Black Panther—currently acting as a 'local' vigilante to regain his sense of self after the destruction of Wakanda's vibranium—in return for her help finding a way for him to die. With the aid of Storm, T'Challa is able to stay ahead of Kraven long enough to convince him that the doctor had lied about being able to kill him, Kraven agreeing to leave T'Challa alone and take the doctor's mutated animal subjects back with him into the wild.[28]
When their identities became fractured after a temporary separation, the Hulk discovers that Bruce Banner had hired Kraven to find the lost city of the Sasquatches. Although the Hulk was uninterested with helping the Sasquatches deal with Kraven, he changes his mind and beats up Kraven.[29]
Kaine, in the alias of the Scarlet Spider, later encountered Kraven the Hunter, who was dressed as the Scarlet Spider to torment him.[30] With the help of Ana, Kraven kidnapped Kaine's friends to motivate the Scarlet Spider to fight him. In the end, Kaine delivered Kraven a fatal blow in the chest, which paralyzed his heart. But using the same attack, Kaine brought him back to life supposedly still breaking the curse. Following the fight, both Kravens disappeared.[31]
Kraven, still claiming to be cursed, next battles Squirrel Girl at Empire State University, having earned her ire by lashing out at the local squirrels, including Tippy-Toe. Kraven departs when Squirrel Girl informs him of the existence of sea monsters like Giganto, cleverly playing on Kraven's obsessions by challenging him to hunt worthier prey.[32] He later returns to abduct Howard the Duck,[33] but gets trapped with Howard and Squirrel Girl in a manhunt as the hunted. After surviving, he vows to only "hunt the hunters".[34]
During the "Avengers: Standoff!" storyline, Kraven the Hunter was an inmate of Pleasant Hill, a gated community established by S.H.I.E.L.D. who used Kobik's abilities to turn Kraven the Hunter into a zookeeper. He rallied some of his fellow inmates to help him find Kobik and bring her to Baron Helmut Zemo.[35]
During the "Opening Salvo" part of the "Secret Empire" storyline, Kraven the Hunter is recruited by Baron Helmut Zemo to join the Army of Evil.[36] At the time when Manhattan was surrounded by a Darkforce Dome, Kraven the Hunter raided the Daily Bugle to find information to the identity of Spider-Man. Knowing that J. Jonah Jameson would be in danger, Phil Sheldon's daughter Jennie headed to J. Jonah Jameson's house to warn him. After Kraven the Hunter attacked J. Jonah Jameson, Jennie Sheldon fired a signal flare into the sky. This attracted the attention of Spider-Woman, who defeated Kraven the Hunter. Jennie Sheldon even took pictures of the fight.[37]
At the time when Venom encountered some Dinosaur People in the sewers, Kraven the Hunter followed Venom and killed an Ankylosaurus-type Dinosaur Person before engaging Venom in battle. He was fended off by Venom, who vowed to fight Kraven again.[38] Upon the news of Dinosaur People being found beneath the streets of New York City, Mayor Wilson Fisk and NYPD Commissioner Chris Rafferty appointed Kraven the Hunter to lead a SWAT Team into the sewers and eliminate them. When Venom deactivated each trap and confronted Kraven, Venom was caught off-guard when Kraven the Hunter revealed his secret ally Shriek, who used her attacks on Venom and then collapsed the ceiling over him. Shriek then tells Kraven the Hunter that she can have Eddie Brock's head after the mission is done.[39] As the Dinosaur People feed on the rats that enter their lair, Kraven the Hunter sneaks up on some Dinosaur People and kills them. Venom catches up to Kraven the Hunter and fights him and Shriek. With help from Tana, Venom stated that the Dinosaur People were not killing anybody and that they are only surviving underground. Kraven the Hunter and Shriek are arrested by the NYPD, as the captain stated that he never liked Kraven the Hunter anyway.[40]
Kraven the Hunter was hired by the evil organization Rampart to lure Captain America to them. After a brief struggle with Kraven the Hunter, Captain America was frozen in ice by Rampart's freeze cannon.[41]
Squirrel Girl has helped Kraven reform, teaming up with him to fight other villains, even establishing a friendship with him. She helps Kraven realize that Spider-Man is not even close to being the most dangerous prey in the Marvel Universe.[42]
In a prelude to "Hunted", Kraven the Hunter reminisces about how Sasha, Vladimir, and Alyosha were killed by him and Ana for not living up to his legacy. After cutting a deal with the High Evolutionary, Kraven the Hunter has 87 clones of him created, trained as the Sons of Kraven, and sent out to prove themselves by being hunted by each other. This motif caused Ana to leave him. The one that hunted and killed the other Sons of Kraven was labeled as the Last Son of Kraven. With help from the Taskmaster, the Black Ant, and Arcade, Kraven the Hunter starts hunting various animal-themed characters, like the Beetle, the Kangaroo, the Owl, the Puma, the Serpent Society, the Squid, and the White Rabbit. In the case of the King Cobra, the Rhino, the Scorpion, Stegron the Dinosaur Man, the Tarantula, and the Vulture, they were grouped together as the Savage Six.[43] While making the final preparations for the "Great Hunt," Kraven the Hunter recaps on his own immortality when it was revealed that the Kraven the Hunter that was stabbed by the Scarlet Spider was actually a clone. Kraven the Hunter sends the Last Son of Kraven to capture Spider-Man for the Great Hunt.[44] After a Hunter-Bot created by Arcade Industries is demonstrated on the Iguana, Kraven the Hunter and Arcade begin the Great Hunt, where Central Park is surrounded by a dome that is from the same technology as the Planetary Defense System.[45] It is revealed that the moment the individual connects to the Hunter-Bot and if it is destroyed, then the individual is killed, which is what happens when the Vulture destroys Bob's Hunter-Bot. Kraven the Hunter plans this from the beginning to punish the hunters for killing animals for sport.[46] Kraven the Hunter has Arcade tell the Vulture that there is a chance to break the force field by killing more Hunter-Bots.[46] During a fight between the Hunter-Bots and the animal-themed characters, Kraven the Hunter's secret motive is to force Spider-Man into killing him again so that he can be free from his dreadful curse. He does this by trapping Curt Connors when he tries to rescue his son, Billy. Spider-Man was forced to "kill" Curt by tearing out the implant chip that prevented Curt hurting humans as the Lizard, despite the risk that taking out the chip would kill Curt.[47] After Spider-Man finds the bodies of the guards that were killed when the Lizard escaped, he is confronted by Kraven the Hunter. Spider-Man figures out that Kraven was the one who killed the guards to frame the Lizard, as the wounds are too precise for the Lizard's feral claws. To guilt Spider-Man into becoming a hunter, Kraven attempts to force Spider-Man to watch the Lizard save Billy and the Black Cat from the Last Son of Kraven, but Spider-Man rejects the idea that this can only be accomplished through violence. Upon realizing that he was the beast that he was wanting to kill all along, Kraven the Hunter releases all the surviving animal-themed characters and sends Spider-Man to protect Mary Jane. Kraven the Hunter then dons a copy of Spider-Man's black costume to act like him once more. When the Last Son of Kraven is conned into strangling Kraven the Hunter to death, he soon realizes that he was fooled when he sees Spider-Man swinging away.[48] His funeral is attended by the Last Son of Kraven. The Chameleon is revealed to be one of the attendees as he is pleased that Kraven the Hunter spared him from the Great Hunt. As he walks away, the Chameleon tells his dead half-brother to sleep well: "You needn't worry. The world is no longer your burden. Besides, there won't be much of it left soon...not by the time I've finished."[49]
Sometime later, Kraven is pulled through time from moments before his death by Galactus to help their shared friend Squirrel Girl defeat Melissa Morbeck and her own coterie of time-displaced supervillains and former villains. Telling her not to blame herself for his ultimate fate. After reuniting with Doreen and thanking her for all she had done for him Kraven, bids Doreen a final goodbye before being returned to his death.[50]
Powers and abilities
By regularly ingesting the potion made from various unnamed jungle herbs, Kraven grants himself superhuman physical abilities,[51] making him a physical threat to Spider-Man, although these powers are not as developed as those possessed by Spider-Man. Kraven's body is also more durable,[52] and more resistant to certain forms of injury than the body of a normal human. He can withstand great impact forces, such as falling from several stories or being repeatedly struck by a superhumanly strong opponent, that would severely injure or kill a normal human, with little to no injury to himself. The effects of the potion have dramatically altered Kraven's aging process to the point that he has aged little, if at all, over several decades. Despite being over 70 years of age, he has the physical appearance of a 30-year-old man.
The potion enhances Kraven's sight, hearing, and smell to superhuman levels, adding to his already impressive tracking skills. He can see farther, and with much greater clarity, than a normal human. His hearing is similarly enhanced, enabling him to detect sounds which an ordinary human cannot, or sounds that a normal human could detect, but at much greater distances. Kraven can use his sense of smell to track a target by scent, much as some animals do, even if the scent has been somewhat eroded by natural factors.
Even without his superhuman powers, Kraven is an Olympic-level athlete, and a gifted tactician, hunter, and hand-to-hand combatant. He also has great knowledge of pressure points, both in the anatomy of humans and in many animals. He can strike at these nerve clusters with pinpoint accuracy, allowing him to incapacitate more powerful opponents or animals. He is familiar with many exotic poisons and tranquilizers, which he often uses during his hunts.
Due to a flaw in the ceremony that resurrected him, Kraven was given "the unlife... the eternal curse", as he discovered when his daughter stabbed him through the heart. According to Kraven, he can now only die by Spider-Man's hand. However, this curse was apparently broken when Kaine temporarily killed Kraven by stopping his heart and then restarting it with the same move.
Family
Kraven the Hunter had different family members and clones. He even fathered several children who have followed in his footsteps:
Vladimir Kravinoff was a son of Sergei Kravinoff, the infamous adversary of Spider-Man known as Kraven the Hunter. Unlike his illegitimate half-brother Alyosha Kravinoff who was raised in shame in Africa, Vladimir grew up in Russia benefiting from his father's wealth and luxuries. However, their father often neglected both sons while he pursued his various international quarries. Unaware of his siblings, Vladimir was raised by Sergei's servant Gregor who acted as a surrogate father teaching him Sergei's hunting techniques. When Vlad was still a boy, Sergei put his son through a rite of passage, hunting Vladimir while disguised as the fabled "Grim Hunter." Impressed by his son's abilities learned under Gregor, Sergei began to train Vlad personally. Vladimir Kravinoff took up the name "Grim Hunter" and decided to hunt down Spider-Man and several of his foes. He only had one battle with Spider-Man, and his methods were nearly the same as his father's. He was briefly involved with the Hobgoblin, even giving his identity of Jason Macendale his father's super-strength formula which reacted to the anomalies in his bloodstream which gave him greater power. This is perhaps the reason why Vladimir became more powerful than his father when he took the treatment. When he got out of jail, he decided to track Spider-Man down again only to fight the Scarlet Spider instead. Kaine (a clone of Spider-Man) arrived and after a confrontation, Vladimir was killed by the insane duplicate. On death's door, he staggered to Gregor falling in his arms and died shortly after that.[53]
During "The Gauntlet and Grim Hunt" storyline, Sasha Kravinoff sacrifices Mattie Franklin as part of a revival ritual that resurrects Vladimir as a humanoid lion creature. Vladimir being revived as a humanoid lion was the result of Mattie not being a "pure spider".[54] Vladimir later assists Ana Kravinoff and Alyosha Kravinoff with capturing Anya Corazon as well as a second attempt to capture Arachne.[23] Following Kraven the Hunter's resurrection, Vladimir was shown attempting to attack Arachne and Araña while they are bound. Sergei fends off Vladimir rather brutally. Sasha mentioned to Sergei that Vladimir's sub-human state was the result of a test resurrection to see if she can revive Sergei.[24] After Spider-Man defeated the Kravinoff family, they escaped to the Savage Land where Sergei killed Sasha (because she complained about being hunted to become a true Kravinoff) and euthanizes Vladimir (which Kraven does due "to respect for the dead").[25]
Alyosha Kravinoff
Alyosha Kravinoff is a mutant who is the second Kraven the Hunter some time after the death of Vladimir.
Unlike Vladimir, Alyosha was separated from his family and raised in an African jungle. After Kraven the Hunter's suicide, Alyosha came to New York City to investigate the father he barely knew. Dressed as Kraven, Alyosha confronted his uncle Dmitri Smerdyakov (AKA Chameleon). Believing his abusive half-brother had returned from the dead, Chameleon revealed to Alyosha much about the dysfunctional Kravinoff family. Kraven's former lover Calypso Ezili did actually return from the dead and she mistook Alyosha for Kraven the Hunter. She seduced Alyosha, but afterwards he spurned her affections. Later, riding a bull elephant atop Manhattan's rooftops, Alyosha attacked Spider-Man. He poisoned him with a hallucinogenic dart, but then set him free. While at the Kravinoff estate, Alyosha was learning about his father from Spider-Man when Calypso returned with Kraven's tribesmen. She set the home ablaze and killed all but Gulyadkin the Lion. Calypso poisoned Alyosha and Spider-Man and used her hypnotic powers to force the two to fight to the death. Spider-Man resisted and injured Calypso, while Alyosha subdued her with his lion. Despite asking for her forgiveness, Alyosha savagely killed Calypso and all the tribesmen with her.[55]
He was later hired by the city of New York to help capture the Fantastic Four's enigmatic enormous canid Puppy. Next, he was hired by White Wolf, head of the deposed Wakandan secret police, to capture Black Panther. Black Panther turned the battle around, nearly killing Alyosha. Sandman later invited Alyosha to join Sandman's Sinister Six to hunt Doctor Octopus and Senator Ward (the host body for the alien Z'nox). Venom, slighted at his rejection by the Six, hunted each of the team members. Refusing to be "the hunted", Alyosha trapped Venom with fire, but Venom seriously injured him and escaped.[56]
Alyosha then adopted a more relaxed, suave, and charismatic personality. As "Al," he began dating Timber Hughes, an aspiring actress who worked as a waitress at an all-villain bar. Al sought to help Timber's career in Hollywood by becoming a director. Despite celebrity connections, Al's efforts were stonewalled by arrogance, greed, and corruption within the Hollywood elite. Forced out of Hollywood by the powerful Rothstein brothers, Al is beaten while Timber was brutally raped. Both Al and Timber exacted vengeance which involved defeating another half-brother Ned Tannengarden (who was later killed by Chameleon) and left Hollywood to pursue heroics in New York City.[57]
Alyosha is one of few mutants that retained their superhuman powers after the M-Day.[volume & issue needed] He is one of the superpowered beings recruited within the Beyond! miniseries by Stranger posing as the Beyonder.[58]
During "The Gauntlet" storyline, Alyosha returned to New York to help his half-sister Ana and stepmother Sasha in the Grim Hunt by hunting Kaine. They then witness Spider-Man's fight with the Lizard.[60] He was present at the ritual where Sasha sacrificed Mattie Franklin as part of a revival ritual that resurrects his half-brother Vladimir as a humanoid lion-like creature.[54] After the Kravinoff Family was defeated, Alyosha alongside the other Kravinoff Family members escaped to the Savage Land. Alyosha soon abandoned his family after Kraven killed Sasha and Vladimir. In an attempt to impress Kraven, Ana pursued Alyosha with the intent of killing him in exchange that he trains her to rebuild the Kravinoff Family.[25]
Alyosha was later confirmed to have been killed in the Savage Land by his sister Ana when she and their father returned from the Savage Land to hunt down Kaine in Houston, Texas.[61]
Nedrocci Tannengarden
There was a third son named Nedrocci "Ned" Tannengarden who tried to kill Alyosha, but he was murdered by the Chameleon (who, during that time, believed himself to be the original Kraven the Hunter).[57]
Xraven
It was revealed during 2009's X-Men/Spider-Man crossover miniseries that years earlier, Kraven made a deal with Mister Sinister. He and the Blob tracked down the X-Men, and they fought the united forces of Spider-Man and the original X-Men. Kraven fled after a short battle, but not before wounding each member of the X-Men. Kraven returned to Sinister, with genetic samples from Cyclops, Marvel Girl, Iceman, Angel, and Beast. Furthermore, Sinister requested from Kraven a sample of his DNA.[62] Mister Sinister later cut a deal with Carnage to obtain a sample of the Carnagesymbiote. After removing the sentience from the Carnage symbiote sample, Mister Sinister combined it with the DNA of the original X-Men and Kraven the Hunter, where he would use this creation at a later date.[63] Years later after the death of Kraven, an ex-Morlock who had kept his powers post M-Day named Joe Buggs was murdered by a mysterious mutant hunter. His friend Ed (who had lost his powers) went to the X-Men for help. He claimed that the man who killed Buggs was Kraven the Hunter. Although they were skeptical about Kraven's apparent resurrection, the X-Men called on the help of Spider-Man, who had battled Kraven many times over the years. After discussing the battle that they had with Kraven years ago and the fact that he had given samples of the X-Men's DNA to Sinister for cloning, the lights went out on the wing where they were located. The hunter attacked and quickly dispatched Colossus, but was held at bay by Spider-Man's webbing. He broke free, claiming his name is Xraven. The X-Men quickly realize that Xraven has all of the powers of the original X-Men, while also sporting retractable claws, big hands and feet, fangs, and wings that have a very flexible skeletal structure enough for him to press them to the back of his torso and legs with only the slightest bulge visible under his clothing (Carnage's DNA allowed the wings to be flexible). He was able to defeat Cyclops and Shadowcat, holding her hostage, giving the ultimatum that he would kill her if they did not surrender. Spider-Man insulted Xraven, claiming that Kraven would never threaten a helpless girl. Xraven was momentarily fazed by his comment, but attacked again, claiming that he is the "favored one". Cyclops realizes Xraven's weakness and tells him that Mister Sinister sees him as nothing but a pawn. He tells Xraven to read his mind, in order for him to see the kind of a man Sinister really is. After Xraven sees Cyclops's memories, he flees, but the X-Men become aware of the fact that he was able to get DNA samples from Shadowcat, Colossus, Nightcrawler, and Wolverine. Returning to Mister Sinister with the samples, Mister Sinister tells him that he planned to clone a new generation of mutants, and that he would unite all mutantkind. After seeing what Sinister's real intentions were in Cyclops's memories, Xraven destroys the samples, claiming that Mister Sinister would breed slaves as opposed to warriors, and Xraven attacks him. Although it is clear that Mister Sinister survived his confrontation with Xraven, it is currently unknown whether Xraven survived.[64]
Upon researching Xraven, Captain America does not consider him evil. He states that Xraven must be brought in, partly because of the murder he committed and partly to prevent the Kravinoff family from obtaining him.[65]
Ana Kravinoff
The daughter of Kraven the Hunter, Ana Kravinoff becomes the first female to take on the name of Kraven the Hunter. She first appears tracking Spider-Man to his apartment, but mistakenly believes Peter Parker's roommate Vin Gonzales was him. She then methodically ruins Vin's life, and captures him.[66] Despite Vin's claims that he was not Spider-Man, Kraven prepared to hunt him, but was stopped by the real Spider-Man, who was wearing Daredevil's costume (which had eyelids for him to be able to see). At the end, it is revealed that she is Kraven's daughter by a woman called Sasha Aleksandra Nikolaevich (also the mother of the deceased Vladimir Kravinoff). She and her mother have recently set about forming an alliance of Spider-Man villains to get revenge on the wall-crawler and kidnap Madame Web. They also hired Deadpool to keep him distracted while they kidnapped Mattie Franklin.[67] Ana and Sasha later meet up with Alyosha Kravinoff, who assists them in preparing for the "Grim Hunt", where they start going after Kaine.[60]
Ana assists her half-brother Alyosha Kravinoff into attempting to abduct Arachne, only to run afoul of Spider-Man, who repels them. Ana alongside Alyosha, Electro, and Diablo are present when Sasha sacrifices Mattie Franklin as part of a ritual that resurrects Vladimir Kravinoff as a humanoid lion creature.[54] Ana alongside Vladimir and Alyosha attacks Anya Corazon, only to end up fighting Spider-Man, Arachne, Kaine, and Ezekiel Sims (who was really Ana's half-uncle Chameleon in disguise). The Kravinoffs manage to overpower them and make off with Anya and Arachne. After Chameleon sheds his disguise and Spider-Man partially succumbs to the drugs the Kravinoffs have given him, Ana is present when Kaine (dressed as Spider-Man) is killed as a sacrifice as part of a ritual that revives her father Sergei Kravinoff.[23] Following the resurrection, Sergei gets acquainted with his family. When Kraven returns after preventing Vladimir from attacking the captives, he is shown to lack a sense of control, attacking Ana until he is stabbed in the heart by Ana in self-defense. Sergei recovers, stating that Sasha restored him with corrupted blood or the "unlife" as he puts it.[24] When the Kravinoff Family is defeated, Ana alongside the other Kravinoffs escapes to the Savage Land. After Sasha and Vladimir are killed by Kraven and Alyosha flees, she runs off to hunt Alyosha to prove herself to Kraven. She tells Kraven that if she can take down Alyosha, Kraven should train her and help rebuild the Kravinoff family. Otherwise, he will forget about family.[25]
Ana later attacks Anya Corazon (who is now operating as Spider-Girl) in an attempt to finish the hunt she started during The Grim Hunt. Although obviously the stronger fighter, Ana is eventually defeated thanks to Spider-Girl's experience at fighting in New York City. She is thereafter incarcerated.[68]
Ana later escapes incarceration and heads to Houston to hunt Kaine (the current Scarlet Spider). Ana and her brother Alyosha deliver the killing blows to Kaine that lead to his blood resurrecting her father Kraven the Hunter. However, since Kaine himself was resurrected shortly afterwards so that there could be balance between Hunters and Spiders, it remains to be seen what other motives Ana has for Kaine as there are visions of a dark future ahead for the Scarlet Spider.[61]
With the help of Ana, Kraven kidnaps Kaine's friends to motivate the Scarlet Spider to fight him. In the end, Kaine delivers a fatal blow to Kraven, which paralyzes his heart. But using the same attack, Kaine brings him back to life, supposedly breaking the curse. Following the fight, both Kravens disappear.[31]
Ana Kravinoff later serves as the guide to the Inhumans Gorgon and Flint, taking them to the Chimanimani Mountains of Mozambique, Africa, where they found the hidden Inhuman city of Utolan.[69] During this time, Ana reveals that she has Inhuman ancestry on her mother's side, something she discovered while hunting down her mother's family members (and for which her father tried to kill her when she told him). She came to Utolan looking for a cure, but was sedated by order of the councilwoman Sanara, who took some of her genetic material for use in the city's eugenics-based practices.[70] Ana managed to escape and hunted down Sanara. She was exposed to the Terrigen Mist cloud during her hunt, which awakened her Inhuman genes. As she prepares to kill Sanara, Ana notes that it is time to "embrace [her] nature".[71]
In a prelude to the "Hunted" storyline, Ana accompanies her father in hunting the New Men to draw out the High Evolutionary. When Ana learned that her father had the High Evolutionary make 87 clones of himself, Ana considers this a disgrace to the Kravinoff family and declares herself a "Kravinoff no more" which Kraven shrugs off.[43]
During the "Sinister War" storyline, Ana Kravinoff is discussed as a new recruit for the Sinister Syndicate. Kindred's giant centipedes bring the Sinister Syndicate and Ana to Kindred where Foreigner's group and the Superior Foes are, as Kindred holds a contest for someone to take down Spider-Man so that he can be punished for his sins. Ana is with the Sinister Syndicate when they intercept Overdrive, who was carrying Spider-Man away from Foreigner's group.[72]
Sasha Kravinoff
Kraven's wife and Ana's mother Sasha Kravinoff was part of a Gauntlet on Spider-Man's life, causing chaos and weakening the web-slinger prior to the events that led to resurrecting Kraven from the grave.
Last Son of Kraven
The Last Son of Kraven (one of the many Sons of Kraven) was cloned from Kraven the Hunter's DNA by the High Evolutionary. He hunted his fellow clones and returned to Kraven the Hunter, where he proved himself by presenting him with the skulls of his fellow clones.[43] Kraven the Hunter sent the Last Son of Kraven to subdue and capture Spider-Man for the upcoming Great Hunt that is sponsored by Arcade's company, Arcade Industries.[44] The Last Son of Kraven later chased after the Black Cat. Kraven the Hunter donned the black Spider-Man suit, where he tricked the Last Son of Kraven into killing him.[48] After attending his funeral of his "father", the Last Son of Kraven went to the Kravinoff estate, ripped off his clothes, and trashed it out of frustration. After calming down and drinking some wine, the Last Son of Kraven found a letter written to him by his "father" behind Kraven the Hunter's rifle on the wall. The letter from Kraven the Hunter stated that the Last Son of Kraven was to finally inherit his legacy not as Kraven's son, but as the man himself, since he was cloned from his DNA. The Last Son of Kraven read in the letter "You were forged in fire, born in blood. My spirit made flesh. More than my child—you are me, and I am you. One and the same now." This led to the Last Son of Kraven taking on the aliases of both Sergei Kravinoff and Kraven the Hunter, where he cuts his hair, wipes off his tiger stripes, and dons a copy of Kraven the Hunter's costume.[49]
Doctor Octopus and Electro find Kraven the Hunter in the Savage Land hunting a dinosaur. Electro shocks the dinosaur and Doctor Octopus recruits Kraven the Hunter into the Sinister Six by promising him to hunt down the Lizard.[73] Kraven the Hunter joins the Sinister Six into fighting the Savage Six at the time when the Savage Six were attacking the debut of the movie that Mysterio was involved in.[74]
In his first hunt, Kraven the Hunter hunted Deadpool where he started by killing some monsters. Deadpool was able to defeat Kraven the Hunter by having a Soul-Eater transport him to Alaska.[75]
During the "Sinister War" storyline, Kraven the Hunter accompanies the Sinister Six in fighting the Savage Six.[74]
During the "Devil's Reign" storyline, Kraven the Hunter appears as a member of Mayor Wilson Fisk's incarnation of the Thunderbolts at the time when Mayor Fisk passes a law that forbids superhero activities. He was seen in the woods pursuing Elektra in her Daredevil attire.[76] After evading one of his traps, Elektra is confronted by Kraven who was looking for a challenge in his hunts. Despite giving Elektra a hard time and being assisted by the Thunderbolts agents, Kraven the Hunter was defeated by Elektra.[77]
During the "Beyond" storyline, Kraven the Hunter stalked Ben Reilly's Spider-Man appearance at the time when Ben was working for the Beyond Corporation. After hitting Spider-Man with his special darts to cleanse him for the hunt, Kraven the Hunter triggered an explosion to get away leaving Ben too weak to go after him.[78]
During the "A.X.E.: Judgment Day" storyline, Kraven the Hunter was seen at the North Pole where he hunts a seal. Then he uses its corpse to draw out a polar bear and hunt it. Though Kraven the Hunter did find something on the removed body part of the polar bear. Sometime later, Kraven the Hunter arrived at a Siberian bar wearing the pelt of the dead polar bear and carrying a bag containing a ripped-up Deadpool. A patron speaks in Russian about the mutants becoming apex predators in light of recent events. Kraven the Hunter asks in question "What did you say?"[79] After seeing the Progenitor and showing it an X that he carved into the palm of his left hand, Kraven the Hunter prepared to hunt mutants when Deadpool pulled himself back together. Upon learning that Deadpool was "given the keys" to Krakoa, Kraven the Hunter beheaded him to access a Krakoan gate.[80] Once on Krakoa, he started desecrating the mutant eggs. Then he hunted Maggott, an unidentified blue-skinned mutant, an unidentified mutant with antlers, and a mutant family with tusks. Before slaying Icarus, Kraven the Hunter learned from him that Wolverine was the best among them. This led to Kraven the Hunter abducting Beast and used him to get the knowledge he needed for the Shadow Room which he started to use on Wolverine when he returned.[81] When Wolverine caught up to Kraven the Hunter at the time when the Progenitor's attack on Krakoa caused the Shadow Room to have a structural failure that will cause it collapse, he fought Kraven the Hunter and defeated him as Kraven the Hunter is attacked by a Tyrannosaurus. Sometime after the Progenitor was defeated, an injured Kraven the Hunter finds its remains once again occupied by the Avengers and claims that he will return to Krakoa and butcher the mutants when its end is near and taste the iron in their hearts.[82]
Kraven the Hunter is among the villains that are captured by Ultra Living Brain. After Spider-Man defeated the Sinister Six-type Super-Adaptoid, Ultra Living Brain teleported the villains away.[83]
Kraven the Hunter later fights Queen Goblin as they hunt each other. Then they share a bed the Kravinoff estate as Queen Goblin mentions about the resurrection of some totems. Kraven the Hunter narrates that this hunt would nourish them both as his heart beats with life's fire.[84] Kraven the Hunter and Queen Goblin perfect a ritual that drains the sins of Norman Osborn into his spear. Queen Goblin states that she will be free when the sins find their way back to Norman Osborn. Queen Goblin later states that the original Kraven the Hunter was a selfish man as she claims to Kraven the Hunter that she will become better by besting Norman Osborn as they look into the casket containing the Green Goblin costume. He must return Norman Osborn his sins and then kill him. Kraven the Hunter then invades Oscorp and wrecks the Gold Goblin armor. When Spider-Man arrives, Norman Osborn locks the lab that he and Kraven the Hunter are in as Norman fights Kraven the Hunter who tries to get Norman to take his sins back. When Spider-Man gets through, he throws himself before Kraven the Hunter's spear. Norman Osborn then quotes "What have I done" as Spider-Man gets infected with Norman's sins while Kraven the Hunter flees.[85] Wearing a black suit, Spider-Man confronts Kraven the Hunter at the Kravinoff estate and injects him with something while ordering him to run. Kraven proceeds to run as he starts to hear his father talking to him. While in the sewers, the stuff that Kraven the Hunter was injected with has pheromones where they attract Vermin and his clones. Kraven the Hunter then defeats many of them before being knocked out. Spider-Man fights off the remaining Vermin clones and drags Kraven the Hunter where he throws him inside his grave with his gun. Then Spider-Man proceeds to bury him alive.[86] Kraven the Hunter found that Spider-Man left him some matches and a gun. He is later freed by Norman wielding the spear that was used on Spider-Man so that he can help him "make it right".[87] Norman Osborn and Kraven the Hunter work on a cursed weapon that would eat sins. They catch up to Spider-Man at the Holland Tunnel. Spider-Man wrestles with Kraven the Hunter who proceeds to fake being overwhelmed so that Norman can use the spear to remove the Green Goblin sins from Spider-Man. Afterwards, Kraven the Hunter states that he will bind the spear in a ceremony and bury it underground.[88]
Reception
IGN ranked Kraven the Hunter 53rd in their "Top Comic Book Villains" list.[89] David Harth of Comic Book Resources described Kraven the Hunter as a "cool villain", praising the design of the character, and described him as "more than a match for Spider-Man."[90]
Other versions
2004-05 Marvel Age Spider-Man
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-5030 appears in Marvel Age Spider-Man #14.[91]
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-9997 appears in Earth X. This version is a humanoid lion.[93]
Earth-001
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-001 appears in Spider-Verse. He accompanies Verna and the Hounds in hunting Miles Morales before being killed by the Superior Spider-Man.[94]
Earth-31
On Earth-31, set during the End of the Spider-Verse storyline, Sergei Kravinoff found that a giant spider had already killed a lion that he was hunting. As Sergei fought the giant spider, he was bitten by it as Sergei managed to slay the giant spider. The giant spider's bite gave Sergei a spider physiology and the abilities that come with it. Some months later, Sergei took on the name of Hunter Spider where he hunted animal-themed costumed villains upon being contracted by J. Jonah Jameson as he managed to slay Black Cat, Grizzly, Human Fly, Lizard, Puma, Rhino, Stegron, Vulture, and White Rabbit where their remains were made into his hunting trophies. He later joined the Spider-Army during the threat of Shathra.[95]
Hunter Spider was seen with the Spider-Society when they are attacked by the Sinister Squadron. When Spider-Man 2099 of Earth-2099 was seen being tortured by Halloween Jack of Earth-2099 by the time the remaining Spider-Society members arrive, Spider-Man 2099 breaks free and restrains Halloween Jack while stating that Hunter Spider became their spy. Grabbing Lady Araña, Hunter Spider states "the best spiders know when to hunt alone and when to bring their pack". The rest of the Sinister Squadron arrive.[96]
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-312500 who was killed by Spider-Man appears in Spider-Man: Last Stand.[97]
Marvel 1602
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-311 appears in Marvel 1602. This version is a butcher also known as Karnov.[98]
Marvel Noir
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-90214 appears in Marvel Noir. This version is an animal trainer who is later killed by man-eating spiders.[99]
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-21923 appears in Old Man Logan.[100]
Additionally, Kraven's descendant Vladvena and her unnamed brothers from Earth-807128, collectively known as the Killer Kravinoffs, appear in Old Man Hawkeye.[101]
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-65 appears in Spider-Gwen.[103]
Spider-Man: Life Story
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-19529 appears in Spider-Man: Life Story. Due to suffering from terminal cancer, he decides to commit suicide before the Venom symbiote possesses and resurrects him.[104][105]
Ultimate Marvel
An alternate universe variant of Kraven from Earth-1610 appears in Ultimate Marvel. This version is a Russian Australian and the host of a reality television series where he hunts dangerous animals, and intends to hunt and kill Spider-Man on live television to boost his ratings.[106][107] He later undergoes genetic enhancements and gains the ability to transform into a monstrous lion hybrid.[108][109][110][111][112]
Ultimate Universe
During the "Ultimate Invasion" storyline, Maker traveled to Earth-6160 and remade it into his own image. Sergei Kravinoff was a billionaire oligarch whose family was exiled from Russia during the "Rasputin Purge". Stated to be from a long line of hunters, he has a personal modus operandi, always hunting in pairs, always killing one and preserving the latter. James Wesley speculates he won't be satisfied until he has killed one of everything. As a lieutenant of Wilson Fisk, he controls the borough of Staten Island. Among the heads of the other boroughs, he's called to a meeting at Fisk Tower in which all five are briefed about the current opposition to Fisk's rule over New York by the Green Goblin and Spider-Man.[113]
During the Christmas season, Kraven the Hunter managed to capture Peter Parker and Harry Osborn.[114]
Kraven was intended to appear in Spider-Man (1967), but the producers were unable to use him due to his appearance in The Marvel Super Heroes. As such, original character Harley Clivendon (also voiced by Chris Wiggins) appears in his place.
Kraven the Hunter appears in the Spider-Man (1981) episode "The Hunter and the Hunted", voiced by Jack DeLeon.
Kraven the Hunter appears in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, voiced by Gregg Berger.[116] This version is not portrayed as a villain, only coming into conflict with Spider-Man after the former was driven insane. Additionally, Kraven was originally a big-game hunter who got wounded while saving his fiancée Mariah Crawford. To save his life, Crawford administered a serum that healed him and strengthened his senses and physical abilities, though it also caused him to become increasingly bestial and paranoid until Spider-Man assists in curing him. In later appearances, he would join forces with Crawford and the Punisher to cure Spider-Man after he mutates into the Man-Spider and work with Spider-Man and Black Cat to cure Crawford of her own feral transformation before leaving with her for the wilderness.
A Counter-Earth incarnation of Kraven the Hunter simply called the Hunter appears in the Spider-Man Unlimited episode "Enter the Hunter!", voiced by Paul Dobson. This version is an African-Americanmercenary who works for the High Evolutionary and the rebels opposing him depending on who can pay his fee. Additionally, he is one of few humans that live in the upper sections of the High Evolutionary's city and utilizes a toxic serum that gives him the traits of certain animals when mixed with their pheromones, but shortens his lifespan.
Kraven the Hunter appears in Spider-Man: The New Animated Series episode "Mind Games", voiced by Michael Dorn. This version previously fought Spider-Man prior to the series and poisoned the Gaines Twins' parents, which led to the twins acquiring hypnotic powers.
Kraven the Hunter appears in The Spectacular Spider-Man, voiced by Eric Vesbit.[116] This version was originally a renowned hunter who could take down large animals with only his natural abilities. He later enlists Miles Warren to transform him into a humanoid leonine creature and joins the Sinister Six.
Kraven the Hunter appears in Ultimate Spider-Man,[117] voiced by Diedrich Bader.[116] This version wields high-tech versions of traditional hunting weapons and mystical artifacts he collected from his journeys. Additionally, he killed Hector Ayala / White Tiger and gained an arch-enemy in the latter's daughter and successor Ava Ayala. Over the course of the series, Kraven goes on to steal the White Tiger amulet, but fail to control its power, join three incarnations of the Sinister Six, briefly bond with the Venomsymbiote, and battle Spider-Man and his fellow S.H.I.E.L.D. trainees several times.
An amalgamated incarnation of Kraven the Hunter appears in Spider-Man (2017),[118] voiced by Troy Baker.[116] Similarly to his Ultimate Marvel counterpart, this version is the host of a TV show called Kraven's Amazing Hunt, though he also possesses Alyosha Kravinoff's long hair and eye paint as well as scars, a cataract in his right eye, and a cybernetic right arm.
Kraven the Hunter appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "T'Challa Royale", voiced again by Troy Baker.[116] This version is based on the Spider-Man (2017) incarnation, with the addition of a beard and lack of the cataract eye.
Director Jon Watts stated he was interested in including Kraven in the MCU film Spider-Man: No Way Home.[122] This would later become a backup plan in case their original intentions for the sequel to include the concept of the multiverse did not pan out.[123]
Two alternate universe-displaced variants of Kraven the Hunter make non-speaking cameo appearances in Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse as prisoners of the Spider-Society.[124]
Kraven the Hunter appears in a self-titled film, portrayed by Aaron Taylor-Johnson as an adult[125][126][127][128][129][130][131] and Levi Miller as a young adult.[132] This version was attacked by a lion before he was saved by Calypso, who gave him a potion that granted him the abilities of nature's greatest predators. Ever since, Kraven uses his newfound powers to hunt criminals.
In the Treyarch version, he is partnered with Calypso, who provides him with various magic spells that give him the powers of a bear, a crow, and a black panther. After Calypso transforms the Lizard into a giant monster, she and Kraven leave Spider-Man to fight the Lizard himself.
In the Vicarious Visions version, Kraven leads a group of hunters and only uses one potion that grants him super-speed. He is defeated by Spider-Man shortly before the Lizard mutates himself into a giant monster.
Kraven the Hunter appears as a boss in Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions, voiced by Jim Cummings.[134][116] Kraven kidnaps Spider-Man, brings him to a jungle temple to hunt him on the former's terms with help from his students, and forces him to cooperate by revealing that he has a fragment of the Tablet of Order and Chaos. After Spider-Man evades his traps, humiliates him in front of his students, and defeats him in a cage match, Kraven uses the fragment to enhance himself, gaining superhuman speed and strength. However, he is defeated by Spider-Man, who claims his tablet fragment.
In the console version, Kraven is a renowned hunter. After being hired by Wilson Fisk to eliminate the latter's rivals and hunt down Oscorp's failed cross-species experiments, Kraven manipulates Spider-Man into helping him by engaging in vigilantism and serving as a mentor to him until the web-slinger eventually discovers the truth and defeats him.
In the mobile version, Kraven is the leader of the Russian Mob in the midst of a gang war with Hammerhead.
Kraven the Hunter appears as a playable character and boss in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2, voiced by Ronan Summers.
Kraven the Hunter appears as a boss in Spider-Man 2,[138] voiced by Jim Pirri.[116] This version is the leader of a group of private mercenaries called the "Hunters" who seeks to hunt various superpowered individuals, such as the Spider-Men, in the hopes of finding someone he considers a worthy opponent to fight and kill him in battle before he dies of terminal cancer.[139] Additionally, he killed his family and several supervillains off-screen as part of his quest. After nearly killing Spider-Man, Kraven fights Harry Osborn / Venom, who overpowers and kills him.
Kraven the Hunter appears in Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark, portrayed by Christopher Tierney. In some productions, this version was a scientist who was experimented on by the Green Goblin while in others, he was the comics' portrayal of Kraven. In all productions, he becomes a member of the Sinister Six.[141]
^Manning, Matthew K.; Gilbert, Laura (2012). "1960s". Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. Dorling Kindersley. p. 26. ISBN978-0756692360. [Stan] Lee and [Steve] Ditko's newest villain, Kraven the Hunter, debuted in this issue.
^Mark Waid (w), Andy Kubert (p), Jesse Delperdang (i). "The Thrilling Return of Ka-Zar, Lord of the Savage Land!" Ka-Zar, no. 1 (May 1997). Marvel Comics.
^ The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 15 (1964). Marvel Comics.
^ The Amazing Spider-Man Annual, vol. 1, no. 1 (1964). Marvel Comics.
^Roy Thomas (w), Gil Kane (p), Frank Giacoia and Tony Mortellaro (i). "Walk the Savage Land!/Gog" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 103 (December 1971). Marvel Comics.
^Roy Thomas (w), Gil Kane (p), Frank Giacoia (i). "The Beauty and the Brute" The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 104 (January 1972). Marvel Comics.
^ Web of Spider-Man, no. 31 (1987). Marvel Comics.
^ The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 293 (1987). Marvel Comics.
^ The Spectacular Spider-Man, no. 131 (1987). Marvel Comics.
^ The Amazing Spider-Man, no. 294 (1987). Marvel Comics.
^J. M. Dematteis (w), Mike Zeck (p), Bob McLeod (i). "Soul Of The Hunter!" The Amazing Spider-Man: Soul of the Hunter, no. 1 (1992). Marvel Comics.
^ abcJoe Kelly (w), Micheal Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, Matt Southworth (a), Matt Hollongsworth (col), Joe Caramagna (let), Stephen Wacker, Tom Brennen, Tom Brevoort (ed). "The Grim Hunt Chapter 2" The Amazing Spider-Man, vol. 1, no. 635 (June 23, 2010). Marvel Comics.
^ abcJoe Kelly, Zeb Wells (w), Marco Checchetto, Micheal Lark, Stefano Gaudiano (a), Matt Hollongsworth (col), Joe Caramagna (let), Stephen Wacker, Tom Brennen, Tom Brevoort (ed). "The Grim Hunt Chapter 3" The Amazing Spider-Man, vol. 1, no. 636 (July 8, 2010). Marvel Comics.
^ abcdJoe Kelly (w), Marco Checchetto, Micheal Lark, Stefano Gaudiano, Matt Southworth, Brian Thies (a), Matt Hollongsworth (col), Joe Caramagna (let), Stephen Wacker, Tom Brennen, Tom Brevoort (ed). "The Grim Hunt Conclusion" The Amazing Spider-Man, vol. 1, no. 637 (July 14, 2010). Marvel Comics.
^ The New Avengers, vol. 2, no. 10 (2011). Marvel Comics.
^Dan Slott (w), Olivier Coipel (p), Wade von Grawbadger (i). "Spider-Verse Part Two: Superior Force" The Amazing Spider-Man, vol. 3, no. 10 (19 November 2014). United States: Marvel Comics.
^ Edge of Spider-Verse, vol. 2, no. 5 (2022). Marvel Comics.
^ What The--?!, no. 3 (October 1, 1988). Marvel Comics.
^ abcdefghijk"Kraven the Hunter Voices (Spider-Man)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved August 14, 2024. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
^"Kraven the Hunter". Ultimate Spider-Man. Season 2. Episode 4. February 3, 2013. Disney XD.
^"Kraven's Amazing Hunt". Spider-Man. Season 1. Episode 10. September 30, 2017. Disney XD.
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American comic book writer and artist Jonathan HickmanJonathan Hickman on June 17, 2017BornSouth Carolina, U.S.Area(s)Writer, Penciller, Inker, Letterer, ColouristNotable worksThe Nightly NewsSecret WarriorsFantastic Four and FFThe Manhattan ProjectsThe AvengersThe New AvengersEast of WestInfinitySecret WarsDawn of XReign of XUltimate InvasionAwardsInkpot Award (2019)[1]http://www.pronea.com Jonathan Hickman is an American comic book writer and artist, best known for his creator-owned...
Deutschland Die Deutschland 2016 im Moldefjord Die Deutschland 2016 im Moldefjord Schiffsdaten Flagge Deutschland Deutschland (1998–2015)Bahamas Bahamas (seit 2015) andere Schiffsnamen World Odyssey Schiffstyp Kreuzfahrtschiff Rufzeichen DMMC[1]C6BZ6 (seit 20. Mai 2015) Heimathafen Neustadt in Holstein (1998–2015)Nassau (seit 20. Mai 2015) Eigner MS „Deutschland“ Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH[1]Absolute Nevada[2] (seit 2015)Delos Cruise (seit...
Штанський Микола Миколайович Старший сержант Загальна інформаціяНародження 1 травня 1959(1959-05-01)ЛюбомльСмерть 16 січня 2015(2015-01-16) (55 років)ОдрадівкаВійськова службаРоки служби 2014-2015Приналежність УкраїнаВид ЗС Сухопутні військаРід військ Ракетні війська та артил...
Painting by Paul Gauguin Still Life with Exotic Birds (1902) by Paul Gauguin Still Life with Exotic Birds is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Gauguin, produced in Atuona on Hiva-Oa in the Marquesas Islands, in 1902. It is held in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. It is signed Paul Gauguin 1902 at bottom left, with the inscription Oiseaux morts (dead birds) on the back of the stretcher.[1] Marina Alexandrovna Bessonova argues that the tablecloth covers a travelling trunk rather than a ta...
Cái Bè Thị trấn Thị trấn Cái Bè Nhà thờ Cái BèHành chínhQuốc gia Việt NamVùngĐồng bằng sông Cửu LongTỉnhTiền GiangHuyệnCái BèTrụ sở UBNDKhu 3[1]Địa lýTọa độ: 10°20′19″B 106°1′42″Đ / 10,33861°B 106,02833°Đ / 10.33861; 106.02833 Bản đồ thị trấn Cái Bè Cái Bè Vị trí thị trấn Cái Bè trên bản đồ Việt Nam Diện tích4,14 km²Dân số (2019)Tổng cộng31.133 ngườiM...
سهام الكرمي سهام الكرمي، و(بالإنجليزية: Siham al-Karmi) سهام الكرمي في طفولتها عام 1945.[1][2] معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة سهام حسن سعيد علي منصور الكرمي الميلاد 1 مايو 1931 (93 سنة) الإقامة لندن (2019–) مواطنة دولة فلسطين نشأت في طولكرم لون الشعر شعر أسود عضوة...
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