In American comic books published by Marvel Comics, a mutant is a human being that possesses a genetic trait called the X-gene. It causes the mutant to develop superhuman powers that manifest at puberty. Human mutants are sometimes referred to as a human subspecies Homo sapiens superior or simply Homo superior. Mutants are the evolutionary progeny of Homo sapiens, and are actually revealed to be the next stage in human evolution. The accuracy of this is the subject of much debate in the Marvel Universe.
A March 1952 story in Amazing Detective Cases #11 called "The Weird Woman" tells of a woman describing herself as a mutant who seeks a similarly superhuman mate.[1] Roger Carstairs, a mutant who can create illusions, is shown in Man Comics #28, dated September 1953.[2] A character with superhuman powers, born from a radiation-exposed parent, was seen in "The Man with the Atomic Brain!"[3] in Journey into Mystery #52 in May 1959; although not specifically called a "mutant", his origin is consistent with one. A little-known story in Tales of Suspense #6 (November 1959) titled "The Mutants and Me!"[4] was one of the first Marvel (then known as Atlas) stories to feature a named "mutant". Tad Carter, a mutant with telekinetic powers, is shown in Amazing Adult Fantasy #14, dated July 1962.[5]
Officially, Namor the Sub-Mariner is considered the first mutant superhero whom Marvel Comics ever published,[6] debuting in 1939. However, Namor was not actually described as a mutant until Fantastic Four Annual #1, decades after his first appearance.[7] The same is true of Toro, partner of the android Human Torch introduced in 1940.
Modern concept and development
The modern concept of mutants as a distinct species independent of homo sapiens began development under Marvel writer and editor-in-chief Stan Lee in the early 1960s, as a means to create a large number of superheroes and supervillains without having to think of a separate origin for each one. As part of the concept, Lee decided that these mutant teenagers should, like ordinary ones, attend school in order to better cope with the world, in this case Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters. Following the 1963 debut of this conception of mutants in the superhero series X-Men, Marvel later introduced several additional mutant superhero teams, including The New Mutants, X-Factor, Excalibur, X-Force, and Generation X.
In early X-Men stories, Professor Xavier and others suggest that mutation is related to nuclear radiation, as his parents worked on the development of the atomic bomb, though later descriptions of mutation would describe it deriving from genetics. The first in-story mention of mutants in this context is in The X-Men #1, in which Professor Xavier explains his school to the newly admitted Jean Grey: "You, Miss Grey, like the other students at this most exclusive school, are a mutant! You possess an extra power...one which ordinary humans do not!! That is why I call my students...X-Men, for Ex-tra power!"[8] This issue also features the first reference to mutants as the species "Homo Superior" by Magneto. Following the relaunch under writer Chris Claremont, narration in stories taking place on Muir Island described Moira MacTaggert as "second only to Charles Xavier as an authority on genetic mutation."[9] In the New Mutants graphic novel, after witnessing Rahne Sinclair demonstrate her mutant shapeshifting ability, MacTaggert refers to "an anomalous DNA matrix" in her blood signaling that Sinclair "could be a mutant."[10] The cause of mutation was elaborated upon in the first issue of the spin-off series X-Factor, in which Cameron Hodge refers to "people who possess the X-Factor mutation in their genetic makeup."[11] This genetic mutation was later dubbed the X-Gene. At one point, Beast states that the X-Gene is located on the 23rd chromosome;[12] the process described is that the gene activates mutation producing a protein stimulating chemical signals which induce mutations on other genes.[13]
Mutations are depicted as generally manifesting during adolescence,[14] however this is not universal. Some mutants, such as Nightcrawler, are visibly mutated from birth,[15] while others like Magneto do not develop their abilities until adulthood.[16] Some mutants are not even aware of their latent mutations unless deliberately activated, such as Polaris, whose manifestation was triggered with technological aid.[17]
Later developments
In the 2022 storyline, A.X.E.: Judgment Day, mutants are discovered by Eternals to be an offshoot of the Deviant race, triggering efforts by the Eternals' leader Druig to wipe them out, giving the mutants an explicit link to the Celestials and to the publisher's cosmic storylines.[18] In the series' conclusion, new Prime Eternal Zuras confirms the end of hostilities with the mutants and proposed a formal treaty alliance, explaining to Storm, "You mutants share some DNA with Deviants? It's of little matter. Until a mutant triggers our physiological 'excess deviation' response, you're not Deviants in the way that counts. You're just human."[19]
Introduced in the second series of X-Factor, a changeling is a mutant whose powers manifest at birth. Jamie Madrox and Damian Tryp are examples of this sub-class.
Cheyarafim and Neyaphem
Cheyarafim and Neyaphem first appear in Uncanny X-Men #429. According to the character Azazel, the Cheyarafim are a group of angel-like mutants who were the traditional enemies of the Neyaphem, a demonic-looking group of mutants who lived in Biblical times. The Cheyarafim were fanatics who had a strict, absolutist view of morality which led them into conflict with the Neyaphem. This escalated into a holy war, causing the Neyaphem to be exiled into an alternate dimension. What happened to the Cheyarafim after this has not been revealed.
In the pages of "House of X and Powers of X", the Chimeras are genetically altered humanoid mutants who are combined from the DNA of past mutants so that they would have combinations of their power set and also propagate the mutant population. Third generation Chimeras have a 10% failure rate making them unable to be warriors. Fourth generation Chimeras have a corrupted hive mind. They were more common in Moira MacTaggert's ninth life where they were created in Mister Sinister's Breeding Pits on Mars.[20]
Sometime after the "X of Swords" storyline, Mister Sinister created his first Chimera by splicing his own DNA samples with the DNA samples of an Arraki named Tarn the Uncaring. When the experiment proved to be a failure and the Quiet Council of Krakoa found out about it, Mister Sinister is undeterred in his next plans to research the Chimeras.[21]
Later in the "Sins of Sinister" storyline, Mister Sinister was in an alternate timeline where he created his Chimeras after taking over world with his Sinister gene.[22]
Legion of the Night - The Legion of the Night are Chimeras that were made from genetic template of Nightcrawler spliced with other genetic templates. The other members consist of:[24]
Wagnerine - Created from the genetic templates of X-23 and Nightcrawler.[24]
Auntie Fortune - Created from the genetic templates of Domino and Nightcrawler.[24]
Wallcrawler - Created from the genetic templates of Nightcrawler and Spider-Man.[22][24]
Lost-in-Shadow - Created from the genetic templates of Lost and Nightcrawler.[25]
Chamber Nocturne - Created from the genetic templates of Chamber and Nightcrawler.[25]
Summernight - Created from the genetic templates of Cyclops and Nightcrawler. He is the lover of Wagnerine.[25]
High Summers - A group of Chimeras created from the genetic templates of Cyclops, Havok, and Vulcan.[26]
Loud Hallers - A group of Chimeras created from the genetic templates of Siryn and Lodus Logos.[26]
Maximus Lobo claims to be a part of a mutant sub-species of feral wolf-like mutants, whom he calls the Dominant Species. He later tries to recruit Wolf Cub into his ranks to no avail. A few years later, another mutant named Romulus claims that some human mutants evolved from canines instead of primates.[27] Romulus' sister Remus would later consider his claim to be a hoax when she meets Wolverine.[28]
Created by Rob Liefeld, Externals are immortal mutants whose powers have allowed them to exist for centuries. Eventually, most of the Externals are killed by Selene, and later by Apocalypse.
Introduced in Chris Claremont's X-Treme X-Men, a character known as Vargas claims to be humanity's natural response to mutants. Vargas was born at the epitome of peak physical skill, having superhuman levels of strength, speed, reflexes, agility, stamina, and durability. Vargas also seems to be immune to various mutant abilities (such as Rogue's absorption and Psylocke's telekinetic blast).[29]
Hybrids
Mutants have been shown to successfully crossbreed or a result of crossbreed with Humans (Homo sapiens), Atlanteans (Homo mermanus), fairies, and other humanoid aliens like Shi'ar, etc.
Mutant animals have been shown, including cats, primates, bees, as well as alternate universes with humans descended from other species such as dinosaurs and insects.
Robots such as Wild Sentinels and Sentinel 2 have been stated to have mutations.
As a fictional oppressedminority, mutants are often used as extended metaphors for real-world people and situations. In 1982, X-Men writer Chris Claremont said, "[mutants] are hated, feared and despised collectively by humanity for no other reason than that they are mutants. So what we have here, intended or not, is a book that is about racism, bigotry and prejudice."[citation needed]
Danny Fingeroth writes extensively in his book Superman on the Couch about the appeal of mutants and their meaning to society:
The most popular pop culture franchises are those that make the viewer/reader feel special and unique, while simultaneously making him or her feel he or she is part of a mass of people experiencing and enjoying the same phenomenon. The plight of the mutants is universally compelling. Many people feel a need for a surrogate family, one composed of those the world has abused and persecuted in the same way they have been their whole life. This is especially true in adolescents, which may in part explain some of the draw of mutants.[30]
An obvious parallel between homosexuality and mutation is drawn in the feature film X2, where Iceman's mother asks, "Have you tried not being a mutant?" This question (or various forms thereof) is common among parents who find out their children are gay.[31][32] In the 2011 film X-Men: First Class, Hank McCoy (later known as Beast), upon being outed to a colleague as a mutant, responds, "You didn't ask, so I didn't tell."
In his article Super Heroes, a Modern Mythology, Richard Reynolds writes:
Much of the appeal and draw of the mutants that comprise the X-Men has to do with feeling like an outcast while simultaneously feeling like part of a family. Mutants are ostracized because they are different but they bound together because of their differences. They may be forced together to a certain extent like 'real' families but they are also a team. They differ from other teams such as the Justice League, which is like a meritocracy; only the best of the best join that team. In contrast, the X-Men is composed of outcasts. They train and nurture one another and are united by common goals and beliefs. ...the whole theme of the X-Men — the isolation of mutants and their alienation from 'normal' society — may be read as a parable of the alienation of any minority... of a minority grouping determined to force its own place within society.[citation needed]
Other versions
Earth X
Within the Earth X universe, the powers of the vast majority of Marvel's human superheroes were revealed to have been the result of genetic manipulation by the Celestials millions of years in the past.
Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel universe within the pages of the Ultimate Origins #1, it is revealed that super-powered "mutants" were artificially created via genetic modification by the Weapon X program in a laboratory in Alberta, Canada in October 1943. The project was an attempt to produce a supersoldier, inspired by the existence of Captain America. James Howlett was the first individual to be so modified. At some later point, possibly during a confrontation between Magneto and his parents, the mutant trigger was released into the environment worldwide, leading to the appearance of mutants in the general population. Following the events of the Ultimatum storyline, information concerning the origins of mutancy was made public and steps were taken in the US to make being a mutant illegal. While the move apparently has majority support among the non-mutant population, a vocal minority has voiced concern that it will lead to witch-hunts and genocide.[33]
Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox in 2019, the film rights to the X-Men and other mutant characters reverted to Marvel Studios. When asked if his use of the term "mutants" meant the film would be avoiding the term "X-Men", Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige clarified that he was using the two terms interchangeably. He added that Marvel Studios' approach to the characters would be different to Fox's franchise.[34] Since 2022, the mutant race have appeared in various media set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise:
In Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022), Namor (portrayed by Tenoch Huerta Mejía) retains his comics background as a mutant. In the film, his mother ingested a vibranium laced plant while pregnant, giving him abilities that his people who consumed it did not due to his mutation, including pointed ears, winged ankles, the ability to breathe air and water, extended longevity,[46] and his trademark ability to fly, which he calls sky-swimming. For his abilities, his subjects, called Talokanil, worship him as not merely a king, but rather an incarnation of a god.
A new X-Men film produced by Marvel Studios was reported by Deadline Hollywood to be in development in September 2023 following the conclusion of the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike, with executive meetings being internally held at the studio to take pitches from various writers before a selection is made sometime in early 2024.[50]
Input to a cryptographic primitive In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable[1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. Randomization is crucial for some encryption schemes to achieve semantic security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to ...
1st governor of Arkansas James Sevier Conway2nd and 8th Postmaster of Walnut Hill, ArkansasIn officeJuly 3, 1845 – August 9, 1846Nominated byJames K. PolkPreceded byFleetwood HerndonSucceeded byFrancis E. GoodwinIn officeNovember 15, 1854 – December 19, 1854Nominated byFranklin PiercePreceded byA. C. J. PhillipsSucceeded byAnn I. Sevier6th Postmaster of Conway, ArkansasIn officeFebruary 18, 1843 – July 2, 1845Nominated byJohn TylerPreceded byGideon RuyleSuccee...
Skyscraper between Union and University Streets in Downtown Seattle, Washington Union SquareLocation within downtown SeattleGeneral informationTypeCommercial officesLocation600 University Street and601 Union StreetSeattle, WashingtonCoordinates47°36′36″N 122°19′55″W / 47.610°N 122.332°W / 47.610; -122.332CompletedOne Union Square: 1981Two Union Square: 1989OwnerUnion Square LLCHeightAntenna spireTwo Union Square:797 ft (243 m)RoofOne Union Square:...
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Taranga clothing – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Taranga (Kashmiri pronunciation: [tarɨngɨ]) is the typical headscarf worn by Kashmiri Pandit women until the late 1960...
Republik Demokratik Kongo Republik Kongo Kongo dapat mengacu pada beberapa hal berikut: Republik Demokratik Kongo, negara yang lebih besar, juga disebut Kongo-Kinshasa Negara Bebas Kongo (1885–1908) Kongo Belgia (1908–1960) Republik Kongo (Léopoldville) (1960–1964) Republik Kongo, negara yang lebih kecil, juga disebut Kongo-Brazzaville Republik Rakyat Kongo (1970–1991) Cekungan Kongo Sungai Kongo Kerajaan Kongo (1390–1914) Kerejaan Kakongo (1400-a...
German politician (1944–2017) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Manfred Weiß – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017)Manfred WeißMinister of Justice of BavariaIn office13 September 1999 – 14 October 2003PresidentEdmund StoiberPreceded byAlfred SauterSu...
Commune in Takéo, CambodiaChumreah Pen ឃុំជំរះពេនCommune (Khum)Chumreah PenLocation within CambodiaCoordinates: 11°10′18″N 104°45′36″E / 11.1717°N 104.7601°E / 11.1717; 104.7601Country CambodiaProvinceTakéoDistrictSamraŏngTime zoneUTC+7Geocode210704 Chumreah Pen Commune (Khmer: ឃុំជំរះពេន) is a khum (commune) in Samraŏng District, Takéo Province, Cambodia. Administration As of 2019, Chumreah Pen Commune has ...
Women's +75 kgat the Games of the XXXI OlympiadVenueRiocentroDate14 August 2016Competitors16 from 14 nationsWinning total307 kgMedalists Meng Suping China Kim Kuk-hyang North Korea Sarah Robles United States← 20122020 → Weightlifting at the2016 Summer OlympicsQualificationList of weightliftersMenWomen56 kg48 kg62 kg53 kg69 kg58 kg77 kg63 kg85 kg69 kg94 kg75 kg105 kg+75 kg+105 kgvte The Women's +75 kg weightlifting competitions at the 2016...
For other uses, see Apio. Balkan Jewish braised celery root and carrot dish ApioApio, garnished with parsleyAlternative namesApiuTypeSalatimCourseSaladPlace of originToday: Israel, Jewish diaspora; historically: Jewish communities in the BalkansRegion or stateMiddle EastCreated bySephardic Jews[1]Serving temperatureColdMain ingredientsCelery root, carrots, lemon juice or vinegar, olive oil, kosher salt, parsley Apio, also known as apiu is a Balkan Jewish appetizer made from celeriac a...
Winnares Diede de Groot Op Roland Garros 2023 speelden de rolstoelvrouwen de wedstrijden in het enkelspel van dinsdag 6 tot en met zaterdag 10 juni 2023 in het Roland-Garrosstadion in het 16e arrondissement van Parijs. Zie Roland Garros 2023 voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp. Zie ook mannen, vrouwen, mannendubbel, vrouwendubbel, gemengddubbel en rolstoelvrouwendubbel. Toernooisamenvatting Aan het toernooi namen voor het eerst zestien speelsters deel. Het voorafgaande jaar waren da...
برلمان إسبانيا Cortes Generales المجلس التشريعي الثاني عشر النوع النوع برلمان من مجلسين المجالس مجلس الشيوخ الإسبانيمجلس النواب الإسباني البلد إسبانيا القيادة رئيس مجلس الشيوخ الإسباني بيو غارسيا-اسكوديرو، (حزب الشعب)منذ 13 ديسمبر 2011 رئيس مجلس النواب الإسباني أنا باستور خولي...
Hindu philosophical text A 17th-century Devimahatmya manuscript written in Newari script from Nepal The Devi Mahatmya or Devi Mahatmyam (Sanskrit: देवीमाहात्म्यम्, romanized: devīmāhātmyam, lit. 'Glory of the Goddess') is a Hindu philosophical text describing the Goddess, known as Mahadevi or Adishakti, as the supreme power and creator of the universe.[1][2] It is part of the Markandeya Purana.[3][4][5]...
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Various ethnic minorities mostly living in the Thai highlands This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hill tribe Thailand – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hill tribe (Thai: ชาวดอย, ชาวเขา, &...
Calendar year Millennium: 2nd millennium Centuries: 15th century 16th century 17th century Decades: 1570s 1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s Years: 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 October 26: Battle of Myeongnyang 1597 by topic Arts and science Architecture Art Literature Music Science Leaders Political entities State leaders Colonial governors Religious leaders Birth and death categories Births – Deaths Establishments and disestablishments categories Establishments – Disestab...
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Type of candle A tealight which has just been lit, with the wax beginning to liquify A tealight warming a teapot A tealight (also tea-light, tea light, tea candle, or informally tea lite, t-lite or t-candle) is a candle in a thin metal or plastic cup so that the candle can liquefy completely while lit. They are typically small, circular, usually wider than their height,[1] and inexpensive. Tealights derive their name from their use in teapot warmers, but are also used as food warmers ...
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يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) قرية قرن العرماني - قرية - تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة أبين المديرية مديرية مو...
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